The language pattern of eight-character writing comes from Liang Qichao.
It means that the rise and fall of state affairs and the protection of the country from being overthrown are the duties of emperors, generals and ministers of civil and military affairs, and have nothing to do with ordinary people; And the rise and fall of world events, every common people has an unshirkable responsibility.
It is said that there was once a numerology master who, according to birthdates in the south, came to a conclusion that he was "penniless, as rich as an enemy, with no golden seal in his hand and in power". It is said that nan huaijin has the spirit of "king" and "bully", but he is not a real king. In fact, nan huaijin is a "king", and the "king" in common sense is not worthy of the South Communist Party, so it is not too much for us to call it a "plain king" or an "empty king". 19 18, nan huaijin was born in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and received strict Mongolian traditional education since childhood. By the age of seventeen, Nan had not only studied the Confucian Four Books and Five Classics, but also studied literature and history, calligraphy, poetry and music, medical divination, astronomy and calendar. He was a studious young man since he was a child. Just in response to the saying in The Analects that "the ancient man is for himself, and the present man is a man", although Nan has a deep family background, his grandmother and parents did not ask this "South Gate only son" to get ahead or be prosperous in the future. On the contrary, his grandmother told him, "You can study, but don't be an official." His father asked very little, as long as he can support himself and spend it safely. [26]
These seemingly ordinary tutors have always looked down on fame and wealth and glitz in their lives in Nan, which should have a positive impact. Later, when Nan Huai Jin was in his prime, he was able to wake up, which was beyond the reach of ordinary people. Therefore, when someone asked Nan how to educate his children, Nan only answered four words: "outstanding", which means "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". [27]
Nan huaijin, as a great master, is a master of "three major religions, with a hundred words in and out". He has learned from ancient times to modern times, but he doesn't even have a decent diploma. What's more, there used to be many famous international schools, which were rated as honorary professors and doctoral supervisors by Nan, and they all declined one by one. Nan huaijin smiled and said, "I'm not deceived by this." . Therefore, some so-called trained scholars often take this opportunity to question Nan's works and academics, and some even find fault. Of course, according to Professor Zhu Qingshi's memory, Nan was able to criticize and correct some "hard wounds" in his articles in time. Therefore, Lu Xun and Nandu have a famous saying: "Those who want to show their true colors must have Zen mind and determination, so fake Confucianism is not as good as real prostitutes."
Nan Huai Jin, as always. In his book, Nan said that there are three ways to learn the traditional culture of China: the way of monarch, the way of minister and the way of teacher. In ancient times, during the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, emperors, generals and literati all had the task and flaunt of being both a monarch and a minister, but it was after the middle of the Zhou Dynasty that teachers surpassed the above two and existed independently. Here is its obvious "watershed", which should be the essential difference. [28] From the appreciation of some achievements of South China's academic research, this paper discusses its practical value and significance.
Since following Nan to re-understand The Analects; Let Confucius get closer to the truth, ordinary and lovely. As an oral dialogue between Confucius and his students in their daily study and life, The Analects of Confucius is a record of current affairs, which is divided into two parts. A few decades ago, someone suggested that there was something wrong with the arrangement order of The Analects, and wanted to invite Nan Gong, Huai Jin and nan huaijin to participate in the reordering. After careful and repeated research, nan huaijin found that there was no problem of order arrangement. On the contrary, its coherence is "artistic", so it stopped a "farce" in time. [29]
Debate on Analects of Confucius
In Nan's self-report, he talked about The Analects of Confucius three or four times in fifteen years. Nan said: "As for the value of Confucius' theory and The Analects of Confucius, it will always have indestructible and immortal value at any time and in any region as long as the original intention is not misinterpreted. A rising star, such as studying hard, thinking seriously, distinguishing right from wrong, and combining what he has learned with what he has done, will surely get self-proof. "
Since the May 4th New Culture Movement, Confucius, who was called "grain shop" in South China, was overthrown. As a modern China, he lost the correct way to treat people. According to Nan's instructions, Nan thinks that the downfall of Kongjiadian is actually related to his "buddies", and Confucius, as the "boss", is very wronged. It can also be said that Confucius has been "misinterpreted" for thousands of years, just as Ru Song and Chen Tongfu said: "The way of a husband is in the world, with no beginning and no end, no inside and no outside. The words of the saints are nothing more than one, that is, the saints are still in the same way. " [30]
Based on this, Nantong has interpreted the Analects of Confucius, and restored the ordinary, lovely and true image of Confucius for most people through the combination of classics and history and personal revision. There is no doubt that Confucius is a man of Tao, while Nan has a clear understanding of metaphysical ontology.
Confucius said to Ceng Zi, "My Tao is consistent." In fact, that is to say, I have nothing but my understanding and application of noumenon. But Ceng Zi said to other disciples: The only way to be a master is loyalty and forgiveness. Because the students' level is not enough, they can only say specific understanding and practice. For example, the poem written by Zen master is the same: "Never erase it, don't be dust". It is through this method of comparing quotations that Nan simply shows the spirit of The Analects. As Chen Tongfu and nan huaijin said, "If you use it clearly in your heart, you will learn it. If you have the same mind, you will make great achievements in the future and learn it today." Of course, the meaning of this sentence can also be understood as: "Know things, and then know them."
From the reaction to people, things and things, to the tempering of mind and nature, until reaching the realm of "benevolence", later Confucianism called it "the unity of heaven and man", and Nan Gong Huai Jin said that this was the Confucian truth inherent in our China culture. Then the three cardinal principles of Confucianism (Ming De, being close to the people, being the best) and the eight cardinal principles (respecting things, knowing, being honest, being upright, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country, and calming the world) are: to realize the Tao, to do good deeds, and to finally realize the truth. Eight eyes are equal to: giving, keeping precepts, enduring humiliation, diligence, meditation and prajna. [28]
These eight eyes are the general direction of foreign learning, and the whole core of Confucianism is the study of "mind nature". It is a lifelong thing to start practicing even after "seeing mind nature", so Ceng Zi said on his deathbed: "Realizing Tao is enough! Yu Kaishou! Facing the political situation, I trembled all over, like walking on thin ice in the face of a deep abyss. Now, then, I know how to avoid my husband, boy! " . As a lifelong scholar, Nan sublimated the classic reading guidance into the cultivation and cultivation of personal "mind" and extended it to care for the fate of the country, the nation and all mankind, so as to create a new humanistic pattern. This tolerance of saving the day is the core part neglected by ordinary scholars, and it is also an unattainable height. If there is no real effort to practice positivism and the will of "samantabhadra", it is impossible. Because of this, he combined the traditional Confucian culture and thoughts of China, and formed the basic principle of Confucian learning, "being sage inside and being king outside". [27]
Based on this, Nan once talked about "the original university talk" and "Mencius detour". Completed a series of academic research on Confucianism, and repeatedly compared and discussed its connotation and extension, thus maintaining its central idea in knowledge research; The so-called "the sky is high and the clouds are light, the ground is flat, the text is flat, and the world is flat" makes readers feel suddenly enlightened. Originally, in China's inherent humanities field, religious and philosophical beliefs and practice methods were already included. Confucianism and Taoism were originally a family before Qin and Han Dynasties. Including hundred schools of thought and so on, constitute the whole content of China's humanistic philosophy system.
Nan said that once a country dies, it can be revived, but once its culture declines, it will be beyond redemption. The earliest fault of China culture occurred after the end of Qin Dynasty, but the so-called crime of burning books and burying Confucianism was not great. The key is that the overlord of the place of Chu set fire to the "Epang Palace". Until the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was a fault. Later, Confucianism developed, and a considerable part of it was after Dong Zhongshu's "exclusive respect for Confucianism". After textual research, Han Confucianism was added and discarded, and later it was called a part of Sinology. By the time the new Confucianism developed, Confucius had been deeply misunderstood. This corrupt Confucian thought and misunderstanding of the "Three Cardinals and Five Permanences" are characterized by "sitting quietly at ordinary times, telling the king when something happens", and the Confucian interpretation and Neo-Confucianism represented by "Zhu and Cheng" have been leading dynasties for thousands of years. The law has been harmed for a long time, which naturally becomes the cause of the downfall of later generations; As a result, Confucius was carried out and "whipped".
In Nan's The Analects of Confucius, Confucius' educational methods and objects vary from person to person, and Confucius' insight and grasp of educational opportunities are also "eye-to-eye" and changeable, and Confucius is lively and full of vitality in his daily life. For example, "swallows live and die" is not as serious and unreasonable as the later Neo-Confucianism, so that Confucius is portrayed as out of touch. South reading guidance method without any personal prejudice; Modify the certificate according to your own experience; By comparing the classics before and after, and combining classics with history, the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are fully compared and exchanged. This fascinating learning skill has indeed created a new trend of "talking without doing" today. The Analects of Confucius is acceptable to modern ordinary people in China. The universal educational value of Confucianism [27] and the contribution of inheriting traditional classics can really be compared with the achievements of Master Kumarajiva. [3 1]
With its unique wisdom, virtue and traditional cultural skills, Nan has opened the door to the classic treasure house for us. The main purpose is nothing more than to let all rivers run into the sea, so that modern China people have a correct outlook on life, as long as it is true; It must look ordinary; It is also because it is true and ordinary that it looks cute. If it is more helpful for readers to understand the "heart", its value and significance will be deeper. [26]
Buddhist life
Practice the value of life with the true meaning of Buddhism and analyze the criticism and sublimity of human nature. Before his death, nan huaijin often lamented that he was most afraid of contacting people who studied Buddhism; After learning some Buddhism, I saw a full face of Buddha's face and a mouthful of Buddha's words. Nan huaijin has publicly stated that he is not qualified to be called a Buddhist. From this modesty, we find that what Nan is worried about is actually turning learning Buddhism into a kind of "form and superstition".
As early as 1950s, when Nan was in Taiwan Province, he wrote two books, namely the Lengyan Sutra and the Lengga Sutra. Later, nan huaijin laughed at himself as "two stare blankly". As early as the age of twenty-five, nan huaijin sat in nan huaijin, the Zen master of Sichuan University, and then closed the Daping Temple in Emei Mountain to read the Tripitaka. I immediately went to Kangzang and visited successful people. It should be said that at this time, my life goal and direction have been established. Later, I came to Taiwan Province Province to do shipping business. When it is busy, I hold a table every day to entertain tourists from all corners of the country. But because of a disaster, he became a lonely wanderer overnight. This great contrast in life, instead of crushing Nan, seems like a "godsend" and has since become an outstanding genius and a great master. [32]
Many years later, Nan once talked about this experience in one sentence, but for learning, he only said that "all books are for rice and food". Nan once said: some people get carried away in life for decades, but it is even worse to get carried away. Indeed, it is difficult for a person to share weal and woe without a real "cultivation" realm. Teacher Zhang talked about the most difficult period in South China and sighed: South China is poor and everywhere; As if the whole world belongs to him, he is rich!
He said in the preface of Leng Yan Yi Shi and Jin Shi: "In this great era, everything is changing, and there are many natural disturbances. The accident ruined everything, so everything had to be sorted out from scratch. As far as culture is concerned, it is really important to sort out the inherent culture to meet the requirements of the new era. That's a long way to go. We must endure desolation, be willing to be lonely, and sow invisible seeds in obscurity. " What is the Great Bodhisattva? There is no doubt that the Great Bodhisattva is sacrificing all of himself to achieve the consciousness of all beings. Nan Huai Jin said, "All the knowledge in the world, from the universe to the non-trace, is to solve the problem of physical and mental life. [33]
In other words: all for the study of life. Without the study of life and physical and mental life, there will be no other knowledge. "Some people say that the Shurangama Sutra is a false sutra, but nan huaijin refuted it with conclusive evidence, which made the Qing people turbid and the turbid people turbid.
Nan's compassion and willingness are more reflected in the following passage: "Born in this era, personal experience and world turmoil are really changing rapidly, which often makes people feel at a loss. The whole world and all mankind live in the cracks of fear all the time. Science, philosophy and religion are all seeking the truth of life and the liberation of wisdom. This book has been translated into the hard years of struggle and poverty. If readers can realize the truth of true wisdom and get rid of it, this inverted dream-like life world can be sublimated into a peaceful and peaceful realm of truth, goodness and beauty, which is exactly what I want to pray for. "
An incisive sentence in the Shurangama Sutra lies in one sentence: "All thoughts are delusions". Nan huaijin said in the Interpretation of the Great Meaning of the Lengyan Sutra: "The Lengyan Sutra is obviously a very important book in all Buddhism and Buddhism, no matter in its thoughts, theories or revision methods. Scholars who know the law in China have listed it as the focus of the Five Classics and Eleven Theories, and all scholars who are interested in knowing the law must be familiar with it. But scholars who pay attention to sexology are bound to read it, especially Zen Buddhism, which advertises that the Buddha's heart is sealed and the words are not written. Since Master Dharma came to the East to preach Dharma, he initiated the Lengga Sutra. Therefore, it is a pity that no matter who studies Buddhism or really seeks to practice Buddhism, it is not an in-depth discussion of the Shurangama Sutra. " Most people who study Buddhism prefer meditation, chanting incantations or chanting Buddha's name, but they don't know that the reason is unclear. Therefore, there is a saying in Zen: Only your son can see the ground, and no son can walk. What's more, it's a pity to waste time and life because you only know knowledge. [29]
One shoulder "The Speculation of Zen Sea" evokes the ups and downs of the Millennium and crushes the earth and mountains. 1973, Nan Gong Huai Jin wrote in Taiwan: "The times are turbulent, the material desires grab people, the world is diverse, and the mind is indifferent. Zen is profound and difficult to prove; I am obsessed with scabbing, looking for clothes and beads in the prime of life, and worried about the arrogance of the magic flame, so I don't hesitate to rap and compose. However, throwing a drop of water into a huge valley will blow a little too much, and it will take 20 years, which will not help the times. Learners, students, are shocked to talk about the hustle and bustle of scholars outside Zen. If you want to shake your mood, please recast silk weaving and hope to rekindle the darkroom; Knowing the old leads to the new, the same dream. I'm crazy about metaphysics. Zen is not a speech. The purpose is to say everything, to spend it on smiling, to be kind in excess, to wear clothes over the sea, and to add a few rooms. Five families and seven factions are nothing more than breaking their treasures, which are very different. Why point out clearly that the work compiled by our company is nothing? "As Huai Jin, Duke of Southern Dynasties said, I really realized the Tao. Where can there be this, that, that, and this kind of idle furniture? When many people blindly touch the elephant and all roads lead to the same goal, it is naturally just a question of "trying to write and smile at the flowers". "
The purpose of Buddhism is to let the general public know their true colors and reach the realm of "always enjoying themselves"; The basis of Buddhism is: six divisions in the wheel of cause and effect and karma based on three; The purpose of enlightenment is to do all evil and pursue all good.
Comprehensive summary
Nan huaijin spent his whole life deducing and summarizing the knowledge of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, with the ultimate goal of telling people that it is a truth that there are saints in the East and saints in the West. From "ordinary" to "noble", there is no marginal problem The so-called "further" still needs to return to the flat ground, and it cannot be suspended in the air. Therefore, the achievement of "great ordinary" is "the noblest"; This performance of Nan Huai Jin on his deathbed illustrates this truth. The so-called "ordinary people" are just synonymous with being unwilling to be ordinary. Human beings have never lacked the enthusiasm for pursuing truth, but only when the pace of the times forced people to re-examine their behavior again did they find that we were still far from the truth (unusual). When we don't even have the wisdom to find our mistakes and the ability to correct them, it will be a disaster for all mankind. [34-35]
nan huaijin
In his life, from a successful player to a man who risked his life for the law, nan huaijin really practiced the best life "answer sheet" from "ordinary" to "noble".
Nan's exposition of life is "Buddha is the heart, Tao is the bone, Confucianism is the table, and the world is open;" Skills in hand, you can be in the body, think in your mind and live a leisurely life. "
Buddhism and Taoism (mostly Buddhists) were introduced into Taiwan Province Province. In terms of Buddhist teachings, such as What the Diamond Sutra says, An Introduction to the Jue Yuan Sutra, How to Practice Buddhism, and the Pharmacist's View on Saving the World, it can be said that Nan is an important promoter of the formulation of the tantric standard in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
In Chinese mainland, most people have transferred from western philosophy to eastern culture, among which the widely circulated masterpieces are The Analects of Confucius, Mencius Bypass, A Brief Review of the Former Universities and Miscellanies of the Book of Changes. It corrected many misunderstandings about traditional culture. [36]
In Taoism, Nan's books also play an indispensable role in numerology and traditional Chinese medicine, such as Lao Shuo, Zhuangzi Kuang, Taoist tantra, Oriental Mystery, etc. [37]