How to identify the authenticity of three generations of celadon from the bottom

In the early days of Kangxi porcelain, there were few words. The reason is that Kangxi thinks that porcelain can't write, but it won't write if it is broken. However, there is a special phenomenon on many porcelains of Kangxi: many consignments are written. For example, the most frequently written in the Three Dynasties are: "Ming Xuande Year System", "Ming Chenghua Year System" and "Ming Jiajing Year System". This is a taboo in our imagination. Anyone who has read history knows that the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty was very strict. Especially in the Kangxi period, a large number of Han people put forward the idea of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight", which was often seen in TV dramas. At that time, if you had the slightest tendency to oppose the Qing dynasty and regain your sight, you would have been beheaded. But the money written on porcelain is from the previous dynasty. For example, Daming Chenghua year system Daming Jiajing year system Daming Xuande year system.

The year number of the seal of Yongzheng kiln porcelain is divided into three lines, each with two words. Six-character seal script is divided into three types: blue and white, engraved gold, square font and borderless outside. At that time, there was another four-word "Yongzheng Year System" for official kiln porcelain. In addition to blue and white, there were two kinds of painting and die printing, which were divided into two lines, each with two words. A few are vertical four-character seal scripts, with and without frames. Several four-character seal scripts are divided up and down, such as the arrangement of ancient coins. In fact, there are not many seal scripts used in Yongzheng kiln, mainly regular script, in the middle and late period, in the Song Dynasty. Authentic styles are flat, beautiful and elegant, and also round and powerful. As for running script, cursive script and official script, there are even fewer. There are other books "Yongzheng Imperial System", and there are also official kilns that are not written according to the imperial order.

There are three styles of Qianlong official kiln porcelain: Qianlong year system, Qianlong year system of Qing Dynasty, Qianlong antique of Qing Dynasty, and the six-character seal script style of Qianlong year system of Qing Dynasty is the main style. The six-character model of "Qianlong Year System in Qing Dynasty" is obviously more than the four-character model of "Qianlong Year System". "Qianlong Year System" has both regular script and seal script, and regular script is generally used in painted porcelain. There were all kinds of seal scripts in Qing dynasty, and there were more seal scripts than regular script. "Qingganlong Antique" is generally used for antique porcelain, mainly with blue and white seals. Gao Zupan's,, and double bottles are generally written at the foot with a six-character horizontal seal. Qianlong blue-and-white regular script is dignified and neat, and its initial characters are no less than Yongzheng period. The blue-and-white seal script has straight strokes, consistent thickness and skillful corners, leaving no traces of stopping writing. Blue and white figures are in full bloom in the early stage, pure blue in the middle stage and gray in the later stage. The "Qing Gan Long Year System" has more than two lines and endless circles, and more than three lines and double circles. There are more than two circles in the "Qianlong Year System". Regular script has six-character double lines, three-line double circles, four-character double lines double circles or double frames. There are also many books in Qianlong private kiln, such as Qing Qianlong Year System and Qianlong Year System, but the font is not beautiful enough and the position is not regular enough, which is quite different from the official kiln. Compared with the Kangxi period, Tang Ming spent more money and money. Some blue-and-white porcelain wares in folk kilns stipulate a certain year and a certain month, such as "fifty-three years in Qingganlong, summer dreams and months give birth to spring". Export porcelain generally does not fall into the year number. The name of Gan Long Soup is mainly written on small utensils such as plates, bowls and saucers. There are: Hehuitang Department, Xuhuatang, Baiyishan Residence, Lianningzhai, Caixiutang Department, Yuyan Bookstore, Qinzhitang, Muqingtang, Zhongxintang and Cairuntang. In addition, such as Cleanliness Hall, Yanghe Hall, Flower Picking Hall, Summer Resort, Jingxinzhai, Ningjinzhai, Ningyuanzhai, Baiyizhai, Yongmei Pavilion, Awe Hall, Yishantang, Yayutang and Tuisi Hall.

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