In the Anti-Yuan War, he set an example, was brave and good at fighting, and often led troops himself. Even in the bloody battle between Poyang Lake and Zhang Dingbian, he knew that the enemy's strength was very different. In order to encourage the soldiers to win the war, he went out in person, overcame difficulties and won the decisive battle.
After the founding of New China, for the sake of the new dynasty's better stability and unity, he was even more energetic, and spent all his energy and time trying to control the Zhou Dynasty that he had built. He needs to personally solve all the government services all over the country. In order to do things better, at the same time, he also enjoys all the real power and small power to avoid being excluded. He wakes up early in the office every day, reviews the memorial and asks people to consider it, and is busy until midnight. Because he felt that the lesson of the demise of the Yuan Dynasty was that "the emperor could not solve the government affairs by himself".
The anxiety and busyness in his work can be illustrated by an example:
During the eight days from September/KOOC-0/4 to 2/KOOC-0/day in the seventeenth year of Ming Hongwu (/KOOC-0/384), senior officials sent/KOOC-0/660 memorials, of which 339/KOOC-0/copies have been reported. On average, you need to watch or listen to (sometimes called reading) more than 200 memorials and more than 400 solutions every day. The senior officials next to him saw that he was overworked and advised him to save labor insurance supplies. He said excitedly, "am I born without peace, only like work and hate leisure?" In the Qing dynasty, the world was unstable and life was ruined. At that time, I didn't have time to eat or sleep when I was tired. In order to better pacify the county seat, I will take you to war. Today, heaven and earth have already set the county, and the country has long been calm. At this time, can I still have fun and be carefree? From ancient times to the present, there is a basic common sense: diligence leads to prosperity, and laziness leads to national decline. As me, how can I just be comfortable today! "
In view of how to be a man and how to govern the country, Zhu Yuanzhang talked about the following standards that he felt he must follow in a conversation with Crown Prince Zhu Biao:
One is benevolence. I think it is not easy to deal with kind people simply and directly.
The second is Ming. When dealing with people, we must pay attention to clear organization, and we must not follow suit. Only in this way can we not be easily deceived by traitors;
The third is diligence. Only by being meticulous, conscientious and setting an example, it is not easy to be content with the status quo and lose morale;
The fourth one is broken. Everything must be independent and selective. We should not fall into one-sided generalization, discuss without decision, and decide without action. Only in this way can we get rid of discussions and documents and improve our work efficiency.
The application of these four articles lies in a heart word. Since I became emperor, I have been absorbed in everything and have never been lazy. I am afraid that everything is unreasonable and I will lose the trust of God. I started working before dawn and comforted myself until late at night. This is what you see every day. You can learn from me, or you can treat me like that, so as to keep the world in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang did most of this in the whole process of becoming a tyrant, but in his later years, in order to protect the Zhou Dynasty and monopolize the imperial power, he killed a large number of founding fathers in vain, which was contrary to the above standards.
Zhu Yuanzhang also attached great importance to the cultural education of his children. In the palace, he ordered the construction of an engineering building named "Big Ben Hall" to store books from ancient times to modern times. From all over the country, people from universities were sent to Beijing to teach the emperor in turn and be the masters of the emperor. Among them, Song Lian and Kong Keren are the most famous. He stipulated that the master's words and deeds should set an example for students, but also teach students in accordance with their aptitude and shape useful talents. He felt:
"Since ancient times, the king of entrepreneurship, through hardships, understand human feelings, understand the way of the world, of course, safe. The king who keeps his job grows up rich and eats meat. If he doesn't pay attention to study, training and probation, there will be problems in doing things. "
Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang has this understanding, which is related to his studious experience. The pain of Zhu Yuanzhang's own growth stage is the key to culture, which urges him to take every opportunity to actively learn and cultivate culture and art, and is eager for professional knowledge. After becoming a monk, he began to study and train culture and art in Huang Jue Temple. After joining the army, with the continuous improvement of his influence, his enthusiasm for learning and training is growing. He attaches great importance to professional knowledge and talents with professional knowledge and culture. Whoever occupies a city or a place must first check whether there are knowledgeable talents. Once I heard that there were "famous Confucians" and "old Confucians", I tried my best to force them to move in, almost eager for talents.
He often communicates with them, asks them for advice, and even talks as long as night, talking about the past and the present, constantly learning culture and art and learning knowledge. A large number of literati around him, such as Song Lian, Liu Ji, Zhu Sheng, Tao An and Yang Xian, continue to edify him with Confucianism. Zhu Yuanzhang not only accepted thousands of experience in political and metallurgical work in history, but also often wrote books and wrote some words, showing high talent.
He often takes time to chat with literati. When discussing academic research with Tao An, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote a couplet for him according to Tao An's standards: "A Chinese Odyssey, a wise man in the country, comes first in Hanyuan." It can be seen that its comments have a high resolution level.
Zhu Yuanzhang can not only write commands and instructions online, but also write tombstones and poems. The words are smooth and fluent, and the gas field is rough and unrestrained. He advocates simplicity and conciseness, and resists empty talk and red tape. He said, "I'm tired of hearing red tape" and demanded that "only objective facts should be presented, not red tape. If it does not meet the requirements, it will be held accountable. " In view of the reform and innovation of writing style at that time, it had an innovative effect. His own spoken poems are unique in taste. For example, his chrysanthemum poem describes Huang Juhua's contempt for snowstorms: I won't send flowers when flowers bloom, but I will be afraid if I send them. To fight xifeng liquor, wear it again from the beginning.
The success of Zhu Yuanzhang's work is due to his own efforts and the persuasion and help of his good wife Ma Huanghou.
Zhu Yuanzhang and Ma Huanghou were born a couple. Ma Shi is Yan Zixing's adopted daughter. Ma Shi married Zhu Yuanzhang, none of whom was left in the peasant uprising, and became the adopted son of the Grand Marshal. The army respectfully called him "Zhu Gongzi". This hand, which is suddenly worth a hundred times, comes from Markov, which can be said that the husband values his wife; When Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he was made queen, and his father-in-law and mother-in-law Zheng, who didn't even have a name, were also named Mrs. Wang by posthumous title. This is called a wife is expensive. Markov helped Zhu Yuanzhang a lot, and Zhu Yuanzhang also attached great importance to Markov.
Guo Zixing is very manic and doesn't want to protect his calf. Zhu Yuanzhang was framed by him. On one occasion, Guo Zixing put Zhu Yuanzhang in the brig and refused to give him tea and rice. Ma Shi carried his hand behind his back, held the newly released baked wheat cake in his arms and handed it to Zhu Yuanzhang. As a result, his chest swelled up. During the Anti-Japanese War, due to lack of food, Ma always let her husband eat first, preferring to starve himself. Zhang Dingbian led troops to attack Qing Ji and Enemy at the Gates. When many senior officials were busy burying gold and silver and preparing to escape ahead of time, Ma took out money to reward allied officers and soldiers, which stabilized the morale of the army. Zhu Yuanzhang has the habit of taking notes to prevent forgetfulness. Ma has been carefully combing her husband's notebook after Zhu Yuanzhang's rest, and found it out immediately when he helped him check it, which saved Zhu Yuanzhang a lot of effort.
Zhu Yuanzhang often praised the benefits of Ma Shi, saying that she is today's grandson queen. The virtuous Ma Shi said meaningfully to Zhu Yuanzhang: "We all know that it is easy for husband and wife to live in harmony, but it is difficult for courtiers to live in harmony. The emperor did not forget each other's difficulties and poverty. I only wish, don't forget, important officials have been with you! " When Zhu Yuanzhang was in a hurry, Ma always made all kinds of comforts and exhortations, which made Zhu Yuanzhang calm down, strengthened his ability to solve problems, and saved a number of founding fathers.
For example, when Guo Jingxiang joined the army and kept an official tour, someone reported that his children had killed their father with guns. Zhu Yuanzhang needs to arrest and kill his son. Ma Shi advised: "Jing Xiang has only one son, so it is unlikely that there will be great differences between father and son. The report of patricide is probably untrue. If you don't check it, you will commit a crime rashly. Isn't it the last person? " Zhu Yuanzhang heard this and sent someone to check it out. Sure enough, there was no such thing.
Another example is that it was revealed that Song Lian's grandson was Hu's accomplice. According to the law, Song Lian would be sentenced to death. Ma apologized and said, "Parents respect the teachers that ordinary people invite to their children. Song Lian is the teacher of the Crown Prince, what's more, he has already retired and returned home. He must not know about the little grandson, please ignore the old man! " Zhu Yuanzhang disagreed. At dinner, horses don't drink or eat vegetables. Zhu Yuanzhang asked, "Are you unwell?" Ma Shi replied, "Not really. I am still praying for Mr. Xu! " Zhu Yuanzhang was also moved to learn to put down wooden chopsticks and decided to pardon Song Lian.
Another example is Shen Wansan, a wealthy businessman in Xing Wu, who contributed his wealth to the construction of Nanjing in the center of Beijing. In order to better please the soldiers who often make trouble and extort money, he reluctantly gave up what he gave up and actively rewarded the troops. This is not only reactive power, but also violates Zhu Yuanzhang's self-esteem. He thought that rewarding the emperor's army was an act of disloyalty to usurp the dynasty in general. So I ordered the killing. It was also persuaded by Ma Huanghou to avoid death, and was sent to Yunnan.
In a word, with the help of Mahalanobis, Zhu Yuanzhang devoted himself to the court. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang not only deeply loved Markov, but also respected Markov. When Ma Shi, 5 1 year-old, died in August of the 15th year of Ming Hongwu (1382), Zhu Yuanzhang, who was heartbroken, refused to stand up again to show his lifelong love for his wife and mother.