Words are different from poems. Poetry is divided into five words and seven words, quatrains and metrical poems. Add it up, * * * four.
In addition, there are various forms of ancient customs.
But overall, the format of this poem is relatively simple.
But words have thousands of different forms. So these formats are named "Inscriptions".
A epigraph basically corresponds to one format (some formats will be different and some will have descriptions). Occasionally, the same name has different tones or the same tone has different names. But basically, when you see a epigraph, you can know how many sentences the word * * * has and how many words each sentence has. How many rhymes do you want to bet, flat rhyme or empty rhyme? Even if every word is flat or silent. This is "epigraph common sense".
Inscriptions have a word spectrum, which is a form of recording the number of words, rhyme and level of each format.
The so-called ping is the ancient four tones. The ancient four tones are different from today's. They are not divided into one, two, three and four tones, but into two levels. Flat, divided into level tone and level tone. Flat tone, that is, a sound corresponding to today. Rising tone, that is, corresponding to today's two tones. How melodious and long the pronunciation is. The upper tone corresponds to today's three tones. There are many twists and turns in pronunciation. De-voiced, corresponding to today's four tones. How strong the pronunciation is. Rusheng has disappeared in modern Chinese and changed into one, two and three tones. However, in some dialects, you can still vaguely find the shadow of entering tone. The main pronunciation feature is short.
In poetry, flat tone and rising tone are collectively called flat tone, and three tones are collectively called Legato. Well, it means "injustice". Traditionally, flat tones are used alternately in writing to achieve the effect of changeable melody. At the same time, due to the different pronunciation characteristics of the four tones, they are also suitable for expressing different types of emotions.
One more thing: not only the number of words, the level of words and the rhyme should meet the requirements, but also the way of sentence breaking is different.
As a five-character sentence, there are epigrams to be broken one or four times, and there are epigrams to be broken two or three times. As a nine-sentence, some aphorisms must be broken by two or seven, some by four or five, and so on.
The way of sentence breaking does not appear in the word spectrum, but its law does exist.
Here, when entering the post-subject, the sentence structure is given together.
The wrong sentence, although on the surface, is still the epigraph, which has no effect.
But in fact, reading it destroys the momentum and atmosphere of the epigraph.
Therefore, although the law does not count, the rhyme is still not accurate. Many words, the way a word is broken, will affect the understanding of the whole sentence. The disjunction of sentences will affect the language sense of the whole word.
Here, the words of the late master are combined with the word spectrum. Learning the word spectrum with familiar sentences is easy to understand and remember, and by the way, it can popularize the common sense of leveling.
Common symbols of word spectrum:
○: flat voice; ●: Snoring; ◎: It can be even; △: Pingping rhyme; ▲: rhymes
The following is the text
First, night crying
●●○○●,
It was windy and rainy last night.
◎○●●○△。
Curtains/rustling/autumn sounds
◎○◎●○○●,
Candle residue/leakage/frequent pillows
◎●●○△。
Sit upright/not level
◎●◎○◎●,
Things/drifts/running water
◎● Flat triangle.
A dream/dream/floating life
◎○◎●○●,
Drunkenness/roads/frequent arrivals
◎●●◎ Flat triangle.
Besides/unbearable
Cry at night, don't make Tang Jinchun or St. Two tones, 47 characters, two flat rhymes in the upper part and two flat rhymes in the lower part. Don't change rhyme halfway.
The next two six words can be opposite or wrong. Otherwise, the first sentence of the case is six sentences, and the rest are the same.
Night Cry is a poem with a flat rhyme. Most of them are six-character and seven-character sentences, and the sentence pattern is soothing and stable. Suitable for expressing lasting feelings, not for impassioned or hasty tragic feelings. Because the film is short, there is not much extra space, which is not suitable for carrying complex or changeable content.
Second, a mutual aid.
◎○◎▲
Evening makeup/first time
◎○◎●○○▲
Heavy sandalwood/light fragrance/some.
◎○◎●○○▲
For people/dewdrops/cloves,
◎●○○,◎●◎○▲
A song/song, a temporary quote/a broken cherry.
◎●●○○●▲
Sleeves/scars/dark colors,
◎○◎●○○▲
The cup is deep/twisted/fragrant.
◎○◎●○○▲
Embroidered bed/reclining/charming,
◎●○○,◎●◎○▲
Chew Red Velvet and laugh at Tan Lang.
Mutual assistance, also known as drunkenness, complaints of spring breeze, and Zhang Taiyue. Two tones, 57 words, four rhymes in the upper and lower corners, and the same rhyme in the middle.
It is said that Tang Xuanzong gave Jiang Fei a pearl gift, but she didn't accept it. She thanked him with a poem and said, "Nagato naturally has no embellishment. Why should pearls comfort loneliness?" . Xuanzong was unhappy with reading poetry, which made Yuefu sing it in a new voice, named "Ahuzhu". Therefore, the original intention of epigraph is to chant beads.
In this word, the ancient sounds of the word "Ke" and the word "Na" are both rhyming words, which belong to the same rhyme as "Guo" and "Ge". Chewing the ancient sound of words is also awkward, so the words can't be used.
Welcome bead is a rhyming poem. Therefore, it is not suitable for carrying complex content, nor for expressing gentle and implicit feelings.
Third, the midnight song.
◎○◎●○○▲
Life/sadness/how to avoid it?
◎○◎●○○▲
Ecstasy/loneliness/love.
◎●●○△
Old country/dream,
◎○◎●△
Tears/double tears.
◎○○●▲
Tall building/Who's up there,
◎●◎○▲
Long memory/autumn love.
◎●●○△
The past has become empty,
◎○◎●△
Still like/in a dream.
Midnight song, also known as Bodhisattva Man, overlaps a cloud of gold and Wushan. Two-tone 44-character, four sentences before and after, two rhymes, two flat rhymes, and flat rhymes alternate.
According to Xuanzong, at the beginning of high school, the barbarian country paid tribute and crowned it with a wreath, which was named' Bodhisattva Full Team'. At that time, it was advocated to strive for perfection and be a bodhisattva, and literati often wrote lyrics according to their voices. This is the origin of the name of Manqu Bodhisattva.
Bodhisattva, two sentences and one rhyme, occasionally rhyme. Flat and even rhyming sentences are mild and focused, which are suitable for expressing low-key, indirect and repeated emotions. The essay should not be straightforward, frank and unobstructed, but should be turned layer by layer, step by step, full of twists and turns, and it is best to say it.
Fourth, more leaks.
◎◎○,◎◎▲,
Keywords goldfinch, vermicelli,
◎●◎○○▲。
In the flowers/temporarily/meet each other.
◎◎◎◎◎,
Know what I mean, sympathize with you,
◎○◎●△。
This feeling/need to ask the truth.
○◎▲,◎◎▲,
Fragrance is ears, wax is tears,
◎●◎○◎●▲。
Still like/two people/mind.
◎◎●,●○△,
Pillows are tired, brocade is cold,
◎○◎●△。
Night comes/leaks more.
There is even a flaw, also known as "Lonely Building" and "Fan Cuixiu", with two tones and 46 words, with two rhymes on it. The next movie has three rhymes and two flat rhymes. In other cases, the next article has two rhymes, two flat rhymes, and the first sentence (that is, the third word of the next article) does not rhyme. Smooth and even rhyme.
What's more, it is an ancient tool to express night time, which means night. Therefore, early poets often described the night scene according to the original intention.
Even more flawed, two sentences are flat, and two sentences are alternately flat. Like "Bodhisattva Man", it is suitable for turning layers, with euphemistic tone, suitable for expressing subtle and low-key emotions, and not suitable for carrying generous elegies. Emotionally, it needs to be done in one go.
V. Linjiang County
◎○◎●◎◎●
Cherry/Autumn/Back to Spring
◎○◎●○△
Butterfly/calomel/threesome
◎○◎●●○△
Zigui/Tiyue/Xiaolouxi
◎○◎●,◎●●○△
Painting curtain/pearl foil, melancholy/rolling gold mud
◎●◎○○●●
After the door lane/loneliness/people disappear
◎○◎●○△
Hope for the disabled/tobacco/depression
◎○◎●●○△
Cooking incense/idle wind/phoenix
◎○◎● ◎●●○△
Empty hold/ribbon, look back/hate yiyi
Linjiang Fairy, also known as Crane Fairy Order, Xie Xin 'en, Wild Goose Returning to Hometown, and Yuanyang Dream, has a flat rhyme and does not change rhyme halfway.
There are many other cases in Linjiang County, and this is just one of them. In addition, the first two sentences of Shangxiaque are all six sentences, and some of them end in five sentences. With the same number of words, there are people with different levels and rhymes. Because it is a common sense post, not to mention that it is so complicated, only this format is listed here for manual analysis.
In addition, Xie Xinen is a special epigraph name. Many dictionaries do not list the score of this epigraph, and a few dictionaries say that Xie Xinen is an alias of Linjiang Xian.
In this case, Linjiang Fairy is in the middle of a flat tone, mostly in six words and seven sentences, with the same rhyme in the middle, which is more soothing and stable in form. It is advisable to express subtle and long emotions, and the layout should be smooth and smooth. It is not suitable for excessive flipping and repeated brushwork, nor for expressing high-pitched and intense emotions.
Sixth, look at Jiangnan.
○◎●,
How much hate?
◎●●○△。
Last night/in a dream
◎●◎○○●●,
Still like/in the old days/swimming in the garden
◎○◎●●○△。
Cheru/Liu Shui/Ma Rulong
◎●●○△。
Flower moon/spring breeze
Recalling Jiangnan, also known as looking at Jiangnan, dreaming of Jiangnan and Xie Qiuniang. Monotonous, 27 characters, three-level rhyme. Don't change rhyme halfway. The middle two seven-character sentences are generally used as antithesis, but they may not be antithesis.
This word was written by Li Deyu in Tang Dynasty to thank Qiu Niang, a prostitute who died, whose real name was Xie Qiuniang. Later, because Bai Juyi had three poems of "Remembering Jiangnan", he finally said, "Can you not remember Jiangnan", so it was named "Remembering Jiangnan". Since then, later generations have used the original meaning of the epigraph "Recalling Jiangnan" to describe the scenery of Jiangnan.
Recalling Jiangnan as a rhyme poem, the sentences are more neat. There is basically nothing to overdo, so the content should not be very complicated and it is not suitable for turning strokes. The layout should be smooth and fluent. Writing should be soft, and it is not appropriate to express intense emotions. The two seven-character sentences in the middle should be treated in opposition, which is convenient for compact content and concise theme, and can avoid problems such as loose layout and empty content.
Seven, Qingpingle
◎○◎▲,
Don't come/spring half
◎●○○▲。
Shocked/heartbroken
◎●◎○○●▲,
Bricklaying/plum falling/falling like snow
◎●◎○◎▲。
Brush/pass/still full
◎○◎●○△,
The wild goose came/heard/had no evidence.
◎○◎●○△。
Lu Yao/Dream/Difficult to Realize
◎●◎○◎●,
Stay away from hate/like/spring grass
◎○◎●○△。
Go further/further/live again
Qingpingle, also known as Memory of Luo Yue and Drunk East Wind. Disyllabic, 46 characters, first four rhymes, last three rhymes. Flat and even rhymes cannot be pledged.
Qingping Music, formerly known as Tang Dynasty, was named after the two tunes of "Qingping Music" and "Pingle Music" in Han Yuefu. Therefore, the word "music" sounds like "music" here, not "music", which means "music"
Qingping music is a two-tone ditty, which rhymes with the upper rhyme and the lower rhyme. Due to the flat change of rhyme feet, the pitch of the upper and lower films should also change accordingly, and the layout should have a sense of hierarchy. This film should be progressive, not simple. Emotionally, it is suitable for ups and downs, not for smooth sailing.
Eight, broken array
◎●◎○◎●
More than forty years/motherland
◎○◎●○○
Three thousand miles/miles/mountains and rivers
◎●◎○○●●
Fengge/Longlou/Lianxiaohan
◎●○○◎●○
Yushu/Qiongzhi/Zuoyanluo
◎○◎●○
How many times/acquaintance?
◎●◎○◎●
Once/as/as a vassal
◎○◎●○○
To sink one's waist/temples/kill someone.
◎●◎○○●●
This is the most/hasty/helpless temple fair day
◎●○○◎●○
Jiao Fang/Wander/Don't leave this song.
◎○◎●○
Cry/give it to Gong E.
Broken array, a "ten beats". Double tone, 62 words, upper and lower three-level rhyme. Don't change rhyme halfway. The two six-character sentences and two seven-character sentences in Shangxiaque are used to fighting, but they are not necessarily fighting.
Broken Array is a folk song in the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin, the king of Qin, wrote "The Joy of the King of Qin Breaking the Array", which is recorded in the history books as "Dancing with 2,000 people, all painting armour and holding flags". Foreign buffer region, spring soldiers set up music, but also dance this song, Ma Jun admission, particularly spectacular. It was a large-scale martial dance music when the Tang Dynasty was established, which shocked my life. This two-tone "Broken Array" was made by intercepting a passage from the dance music. The epigraph name has the potential of an iron horse, and later generations also use its original intention to write lyrics.
Breaking the array is a alto rhyme. Because it is intercepted from the songs of the king of Qin, it is appropriate to be grand and open, and the momentum should be achieved in one go, which is not suitable for expressing more reserved and low emotions.
Nine, picking mulberry seeds
◎○◎●○○●。
In front of the pavilion/in spring/in glory,
◎●○△, ◎●○△,
Dancing/wandering, drizzling/drizzling,
◎●○○◎●△。
Don't let go/frown/open it temporarily.
◎○◎●○○●。
The green window/calm/fragrant sound breaks,
◎●○△,◎●○△,
Fragrance/ash, tolerance/feelings,
◎●○○◎●△。
Feel sleepy/hazy/dreamy.
Sangcai, also known as ugly slave, ugly slave rank, Luo and so on. Forty-four words, three rhymes. Don't change rhyme halfway. The two four-character sentences in Shangxiaque can be regarded as overlapping rhyme.
Tang Jiao Fang wrote "Picking Mulberry under Yang", which was taken from here. Its original intention is to recite Luo Fu's "Picking Mulberry".
Caisang is a poem with two rhymes, with the same rhyme and neat sentence pattern. Suitable for smooth layout, close to the theme, and less turning brushwork. Emotionally, it is necessary to relieve it for a long time, not to rush it violently.
X.Xi· Qian Ying
◎●●,●○△,
Xiao Yue falls, Sue,
○●●○△。
Silent/silent.
◎○◎●●○△,
Dream back/fragrant grass/think of yiyi,
○●●○△。
The sky is far away/the geese are rare
○◎▲,○◎▲,
The songbirds are scattered and the flowers are scattered.
◎●◎○○▲。
Loneliness/painting hall/deep courtyard.
◎○○●●○△,
All red/have a rest/work hard,
○●●○△
Leave it/the dancer to return it.
Xi, also known as, Ling, He, Wan Nianzhi, Yan, etc. Forty-seven characters, the first four rhymes, the last three rhymes, according to the first two rhymes. There are two three-character sentences in Shangxiaque, which are used as duality. At present, all kinds of works have no rivals.
Xi Qian Ying has a complicated format and different scores. Because I am not a poetry professional post bar, I will simply explain the latter question as a whole.
"Xi Qian Ying" is a poem with a flat and even tone, with scattered sentence patterns, including three words, five words, six words and seven words. This sentence pattern is scattered and flat, the layout should not be too stable, and it is best to stagger it. It is also inappropriate to memorize what needs to be done in one go. Emotionally, it is more appropriate to put it back and forth.
XI. Recent Flowers
◎●◎○○●▲。
A long night/court/walk.
◎●○○,◎●○○▲。
At first glance/Qingming, early birth hurts spring dusk.
◎●◎○○●▲,
Count the time/rain/wind
◎○◎●○○▲。
Hazy/pale moons/clouds come and go.
◎●◎○○●▲
Tao Li/Yi Yi/Spring is dark.
◎●○○,◎●○○▲。
Who is on the swing, laughing and whispering?
◎●◎○○●▲,
A thread/a heart/a million threads
◎○◎●○○▲。
People/space/arranged places.
Hua Lian is also known as Wu Fengqi, The Magpie Treads on the Moon, The Fish and the Water Are Happy, and so on. Double tone, 60 characters, four rhymes before and after. Don't change rhyme halfway.
"Die Lian Hua" was originally a song in the Tang Dynasty, formerly known as "Magpie Treading on the Moon". After Song Jiang's ci was renamed Death, it was read by later generations.
Die Hua Lian is in the middle of rhyme, and the sentence pattern is neat. The layout of alto should not be peaceful, and it should be excessive and turning in the film to enhance the theme. If you use the sequential connection mode, it is easy to appear sluggish and procrastinating. Emotionally, it is mainly low and energetic, and it is not appropriate to express more cheerful or passionate emotions.
Twelve, meet and hate each other late.
◎◎◎ ●◎△, ◎△.
Thank you, Chunhong, it's so embarrassing.
◎●◎○○●●○△。
Helpless/early morning/cold rain/night breeze
◎◎▲、◎○▲,●○△。
Rouge makes people drunk. When is it heavy?
◎●◎○○●●○△。
Nature/life/long hatred/long history
Meet Huan, alias "Night Cry" and "Princess Remembering the Truth". Two-tone, 36-character, even and even rhyming typo. On the first film, there are three levels of rhyme, on the second film, there are two lines of rhyme, and the third and fourth lines are still in front of the leaves. Two sentences and seven sentences are appropriate. A sentence can also be divided into four or six characters, depending on the situation of the sentence.
This inscription is also called "going to the West Wing alone" and "the moon is like a hook", so it was named Wu Ye Article by Song people. Tang Jinchun also called it a rain curtain. These two have the same name but different tones.
"Meet You Huan" is a small preface of Pingzhuan, with three broken sentences and nine long sentences, with a great span. Generally speaking, poetry is not suitable for carrying too complicated content, nor is it suitable for the turning point of artistic conception and content due to the lack of too much space. The layout should be smooth and fluent. On the other hand, flat, flat and patchwork epigrams are not suitable for too smooth layout and emotional infiltration, so it is better to turn them over and over again. Short sentences should have feelings, long sentences should have feelings. This epigraph, only more than 30 words, has to be rhymed twice in the middle; Sentences are mainly in three words and nine languages, and the span of words is very large, but there is a lack of sentences with moderate middle length. Sentence pattern, length and rhyme have even contradictory requirements for layout, content and artistic conception. Therefore, this is a brand that is difficult to fill, which requires the author's ability to lay out and grasp emotions. In addition, he is also required to be very familiar with epigrams in order to become words with ease. So it is not recommended for beginners to practice. You can't think it is a simple and easy-to-write brand just because it is a poem.
Thirteen, playing tricks
○●●,●○△。
The deep courtyard is quiet and the small courtyard is empty.
◎●○○◎●△。
Intermittent/cold anvil/intermittent air.
◎●◎○○●●
Helpless/the night is long/people can't sleep
◎○◎●●○△。
Count the sounds/and the moon/to the curtains.
Lian Zi, alias Lian, Shen Yuan Yue, Evening Dress, Sheng Bang Qi, Zheng Qi Bao, etc. Two tones, twenty-seven characters, three-level rhyme. Don't change rhyme halfway. Traditionally, two three-sentence sentences are treated as antithesis, and there is no one in the existing predecessors' works that is not antithesis.
The various names of "The Prayer" are related to Otawa's smashing clothes. The original meaning of training is white silk, and here it means cloth for making clothes. Mashing clothes is a job of beating cloth with a wooden stick (that is, a pestle) to remove the pulp on the surface. Its purpose is to make the cloth soft and ironed, to cut clothes conveniently, and to make clothes soft and comfortable. Ancient women had the custom of recruiting people to pound clothes, so pound clothes was often associated with travel, parting, missing and other intentions. The original intention of the inscription in "Scripture" is to recite scriptures and practice, which is mostly used to describe women's nostalgia for recruiting people.
The juggler is a kind of rhyming poem, which is mainly composed of seven-character quatrains and does not change rhyme. The two three sentences in the first sentence can be regarded as variants of the seven sentences. It is a brand with simple sentence structure, single rhyme and short pattern. There is almost no extra space for this epigraph, and the sentence pattern and rhyme have not changed, which also makes the situation of the whole word smooth. So the theme should be short, the layout should be compact, the mood should be stable, and the connection should be smooth. It is not suitable to carry too complicated content, nor to express more passionate emotions (because of the lack of momentum in one go), nor to toss and turn (because of the lack of turning space)
Fourteen Huanxisha
◎●◎○○●▲
Red sun/already high/three zhangs through
◎○◎●○○▲
Golden furnace/second time/fragrant beast
◎●◎○○●▲
Red brocade/lichen/step wrinkles
◎○◎●○○▲
A beautiful woman/dancer/golden hairpin
◎●◎○○●▲
Bad wine/bad timing/stamen smell
◎●◎○○●▲
Don't go to another temple/listen/play drums from a distance.
Huanxisha, also known as Huanxisha, Huanxisha, Huanxisha, Forgetful Period, Drunkenness, Brocade, etc. Two-tone, 42-character, three-level rhyme in the upper piece, two-level rhyme in the lower piece, and no rhyme in the middle. There is nothing wrong with saying that it is customary to regard it as confrontation.
Huanxisha's poems have always been flat and even rhymes, and only one example of the late master is seen in the rhyme style. Therefore, the common rhyming word spectrum is also listed here for reference:
◎●◎○◎●△,◎○◎●●○△。 ◎○◎●●○△。
◎●◎○○●●,◎○◎●●○△。 ◎○◎●●○△。
"Huanxisha" is a seven-character quatrain with no rhyme change. It is a poem with a single sentence pattern and a single rhyme. This founder's inscription is more suitable for Chiang Kai-shek's layout, and he should be emotionally stable and feel natural. It is not advisable to turn too much. It is also not suitable for expressing more sadness or strong feelings.
Moreover, this is a very orthodox format, with a flat rhyme and a antithesis, which is a good epigraph model.
◎●◎○◎●△,
Turn candles/float the ceiling/dream home,
◎○◎●●○△。
People who want to find/trace/regret,
◎○◎●●○△。
Heaven teaches/wishes/goes against nature.
◎●◎○○●●,
Equal moon/pool platform/empty water,
◎○◎●●○△。
Yin flowers/pavilions/oblique light,
◎○◎●●○△。
Boarding/at all costs/more clothes.
Because I have explained the word sentence by sentence before, I also mentioned the sequential connection between sentences and the ending method. So I won't go into details here. Because the angle of explanation is close.
What needs to be mentioned is that the antithesis of the film is very stable and very good. Students who want to learn couplets can focus on it.
Fifteen, Ruan Langgui
◎○◎●●○△,
Dongfeng/Chuishui/Rixian Mountain
◎○◎●△。
Spring is coming/I have a long leisure time.
◎○◎●●○△,
Indulge in love/confusion/wine.
◎○◎●△。
Have fun/have a good dream.
◎◎●,●○△,
Sleep in spring and put on makeup at night.
◎○◎●△。
By whom/by whom?
◎○◎●●○△,
To miss/see/cherish one's beauty
◎○◎●△。
Evening/leaning against the fence
Ruan Langgui, also known as Zui Taoyuan, Zui Taoyuan, Banquet Taoyuan, Peach Blossom Garden, etc. Two tones, 47 characters, four rhymes before and after, no rhyme change in the middle. Traditionally, two three-sentence sentences are treated as antithesis, and there is not a word in all previous dynasties that is not antithesis.
The story of Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao's encounter with immortals in Taoyuan in a century is used, so the name adjustment is mostly related to "peach". The original intention of the epigraph is to travel far away and never return, and poets of various schools use their original intention to express the contents of traveling far away, parting, lovesickness and so on.
Ruan Langgui is a rhyming poem with two tones, mostly short sentences. It is suitable for expressing delicate and gentle emotions, with short theme and smooth layout. Emotions should be soothing and smooth, with a sense of flowing water, and it is not appropriate to toss and turn, nor to express more intense emotions.
……
References:
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