Should be regarded as an idiom
Abandon a jade and bear the consequences of one's son
It mainly talks about the debate between Confucius and Zi Sangjun, which mentioned that "Lin Hui abandoned a jade worth a thousand gold. The moral of the story is: "Relationships based on interests cannot last long and can easily lead to splitting due to external reasons."
Chinese name
Abandoning the Bi and Bearing the Son
Type
Old Classical Chinese
Source
"Zhuangzi·Shanmu"
Characters< /p>
Confucius and Zi Sangjun
Source
Warring States Period·Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi·Mountain Wood"
Zhuangzi (369 BC - 286 BC), Han nationality, surnamed Zhuang, given name Zhou, given name Zixiu, died at the age of 84. One of the main founders of Taoism. Famous Chinese philosopher, thinker, writer, and debater. His ancestors were descendants of the Duke of Chu State. Later, civil strife broke out in Chu State due to Wu Qi's reform. The ancestors fled to Mengdi of Song State to escape the sins of the Yi clan. Zhuangzi only served as a local lacquer garden official in his life. Because he advocated freedom, he should not be hired by King Wei of Chu of the same clan. Zhuangzi and Laozi, the founder of Taoism, are both known as "Laozi". Their philosophical system of thought is respected by the academic community as "Laozi and Zhuangzi philosophy". Their representative works are "Zhuangzi" and famous articles include "Xiaoyaoyou" and "Equality of Things". etc., Zhuangzi advocates "the unity of nature and man" and "quietness and inaction". His representative work "Zhuangzi" has been interpreted in various versions by admirers. His famous works include "Xiaoyaoyou", "Equality of Things", etc.
Zhuangzi advocates "the unity of nature and man" and "quietness and inaction". His teachings covered all aspects of social life at that time, but his spirit was still converted to Laozi's philosophy. Zhuangzi once worked as an official in Qiyuan and lived in poverty. However, he despised glory, wealth, power and fame, and tried to maintain an independent personality in troubled times and pursue a free and secure spiritual freedom. Feudal emperors paid special attention to Zhuangzi's important contributions in the history of Chinese literature and thought. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty, Zhuangzi was edicted as "The True Man of Nanhua", and later generations called him "The True Man of Nanhua". Miaozhendao regards him as the founder of the sect and regards him as the incarnation of Taiyi, the God who saves suffering. The book "Zhuangzi" is also called the "Nanhua True Sutra". His articles have a strong romantic color and have a profound influence on later literature.
Original text
Confucius asked his disciple Sang Yun and said: ①: "I will drive against Lu again, cut down trees in Song Dynasty, cut down traces in Wei ②, be poor in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and surround Chen and Cai In the meantime, I have suffered from these problems: ③, my close friendships have become more and more distant, and my disciples and friends have become more and more scattered. ④"
Zi Sangwen said: "I didn't hear about the death of the fake person?" Abandoning a jade of a thousand gold and carrying an innocent child, why? ? 'Lin Hui said: 'He is in harmony with the heavens. ⑦' If the husband is in harmony with others, he will be forced to be poor and harmed, and he will be harmed. Acceptance and abandonment are also far apart. Moreover, the friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is as sweet as wine. 9 If a gentleman is friendly with others, he will be separated without any reason. "
Confucius said: "Please listen to your destiny!" Xu Xingxiang pretended to return and donated books from his unique learning. His disciples continued to follow him, and his love for him grew stronger.
Notes
① Zi Sangjun (hù): a person’s name. Zisang is a compound surname. ② Cutting down trees: Confucius went to the Song Dynasty and learned etiquette with his disciples under a big tree. Sima Huanxi (tuí) of the Song Dynasty wanted to kill Confucius, but Confucius left first, and Sima Huanxi uprooted the tree. "Uprooting a tree" is followed by "cutting down a tree". Cutting marks: Eradicate car marks. ③Commitment: encounter. ④Benefit: Gradually. He Yu: He, Tong 椤 (yú), expresses rhetoric and interrogative tone. ⑤Fake person: a wise person. Trend: running forward quickly. ⑥ Or: Someone said. This is a question. or, indefinite pronoun. Cloth: ancient coins. ⑦Celestial genus: Relatives who are related by blood, such as father and son, brothers, sisters, etc., are “Celestial genus”. ⑧Collect: gather. accommodate. ⑨鴴(lǐ): sweet wine. ⑩Jingwen Ming: Jing, respectful and respectful. Listen to orders: accept instruction. Xiang Fei: leisurely and contented. 挌(yì): lead, collect.
Translation
Confucius asked Zi Sangjun: "I was expelled from the State of Lu again; I went to the State of Song to learn etiquette under a big tree with my disciples, and was welcomed by the Sima Huan of the State of Song. The humiliation of hunting down trees; not only was I not reused in the Wei Kingdom, but some people even eradicated the traces of my car after I left; I was impoverished in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties; I was mistaken for a Yanghu in the Chen and Cai States and was besieged. Encountering so many disasters, relatives and friends became even more estranged, and disciples and friends gradually became separated. Why is this?" Zi Sangjun replied: "You have not heard the story of the sage Lin Hui's escape. Lin Hui abandoned the jade worth thousands of gold and ran away quickly with the baby on his back.
Some people couldn't understand Lin Hui's moral values ??and values, and they all said, "Is he doing it for money?" The value is too small! Is he afraid of being a burden? The burden of the baby is too great! Why did he abandon the jade worth a thousand gold and run away with the baby? '
Lin Hui Said: 'That jade worth thousands of gold, I only share the same interests because of my relationship; the child and I are closely related by blood and flesh and blood! If they are harmed, they will abandon each other; when relatives who are closely related by blood will tolerate each other and help each other when encountering embarrassment, poverty, disaster, sorrow and danger, and injury, the difference between the two is too far. .
Moreover, the friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, while the friendship between villains is like delicious and fragrant sweet wine; the friendship between gentlemen is as indifferent as water, but they are close to each other for a long time, while the friendship between villains is as sweet as water, and the relationship ends. Those who gather together for no reason will inevitably separate for no reason. ”
Confucius said: “I respectfully accept your advice!” "So he walked back leisurely and contentedly. From then on, he put aside his pretense of being a university scholar, abandoned his unrealistic bookishness, and stopped recruiting disciples to study with him. However, people's respect and love for him became even deeper. Meaning:
Relationships based on interests cannot last long and can easily lead to split due to external reasons.
The idiom has the following basic characteristics:
1. Structural fixedness
The components and structural forms of idioms are fixed, and morphemes generally cannot be changed or added or deleted at will. For example, "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold" cannot be changed to "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold" or "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold". "The lips are dead and the teeth are cold", "The lips are cold and the teeth are cold"; "There is no ink in the chest" cannot be increased to "There is no ink in the chest". In addition, the word order in idioms is also fixed and cannot be changed at will. For example, "the whole story" cannot be Change it to "Go to the source"; "Thank you so much" cannot be changed to "Thank you so much"
2. Integrity of meaning
The idiom has integrity in meaning. Its meaning is often not a simple sum of the meanings of its constituent components, but an overall meaning further summarized based on the meaning of its constituent components. 2 For example, "the fox fakes the tiger's power", the superficial meaning is "the fox fakes the tiger's power", but the actual meaning is "relying on the power of others to bully others"; "the rabbit dies and the dog cooks", the superficial meaning is "when the rabbit dies, the hunting dog will be eaten by others" "Cooking food" actually means "those who serve the ruler are abandoned or killed after they succeed"; "forgetting to eat and sleep", the superficial meaning is "ignoring sleep and forgetting to eat", but the actual meaning is "extremely concentrated efforts" and so on.< /p>
3. Diversity of grammatical functions
From the perspective of Chinese grammar, Chinese idioms are equivalent to a phrase in a sentence, because a phrase can serve as different components in a sentence. Therefore, the grammatical functions of idioms are also diverse. As mentioned above, there are four-character idioms, five-character idioms, six-character idioms, seven-character idioms, eight-character idioms, etc. Among them, four-character idioms are the most popular Chinese idioms. Main form. Therefore, the analysis of the grammatical functions of idioms here mainly focuses on the analysis of four-character idioms serving as syntactic components.