The representative works of running script include Preface to Lanting, Ji Ming Manuscript and Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry, which are called "the three major running scripts in the world". Authors: Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi.
brief introduction
1 Lanting set preface
On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), 4/kloc-0 people, including Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo, gathered in Yinshan Lanting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) for the ancient custom of "repairing water". On this day every year, people go swimming at the water's edge to show that water is used to destroy the unknown, which is called water repair. On that day, everyone sat at the water's edge, drinking at will and composing poems. Together, these poems are called Preface to Lanting, and Xi Zhi wrote a preface, which is the famous calligraphy masterpiece Preface to Lanting, also known as Tietie.
The post is written in lines, with several traces of alteration, which is extremely natural. "Preface to Lanting" has 28 lines and 324 words, with uneven hierarchical layout and corresponding strokes. For example, the words "interesting, restless and different" in line 14 are oblique, quivering and vivid, just as Bao in Qing Dynasty said: "The Preface to Lanting is fantastic in spirit anyway. Structurally, it has changed a lot. In Preface to Lanting, Tang pointed out: "Those who are heavy all have different forms, and those who are in the middle of the word' zhi' to the cross know that there is no similarity. "For example, the word" zhi "in Late Spring is long, so the word" zhi "is written in a flat shape, which brings out the best in each other. Another example is the word "no" in the tenth line, which is clearly stated, properly placed, meticulous and meticulous. In a word, the preface to Lanting is natural, exquisite in structure, unique and elegant, and achieved in one go. It embodies the new face of calligraphy created by Wang Xizhi and represents his highest attainments in running calligraphy.
2 "Manuscript for Sacrificing Nephew"
An Lushan, a warlord in the vast northern region, rebelled and soon went south to capture Luoyang, the eastern capital. At that time, Yan Zhenqing, the former satrap of the Plain, and his subordinate brother Yan Gaoqing fought the rebels in Shandong and Hebei respectively. Yan Gaoqing's youngest son, Ji Ming, is in charge of the connection between the plain and Changshan. Soon Changshan was captured by the rebels, and Gao Qing and his son were captured and killed one after another. In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Yan Zhenqing ordered someone to visit Gao Qing's wanderer in Hebei. As a result, Changshan brought back Ji Ming's first bone, so Yan Zhenqing made a sacrifice for Wen Zhi. In this manuscript, he poured out his uncontrollable feelings in the majestic and rapid pen and ink, so he was able to fully display the exquisite calligraphy skills accumulated for a long time without hesitation, and the pen and ink were done in one go, so he did more and more. This is a memorial manuscript handed down from later generations.
Yan Zhenqing is one of the most innovative calligraphers. According to legend, when he was young, his family was poor in paper, and he used loess to sweep the wall to learn calligraphy. Later, he learned from Zhang Xu and got the technique of "painting sand with a cone". His calligraphy is great, regular script is like a falling stone, vigorous and majestic, simple and natural, which is completely different from the elegant beauty pursued by Wang Xizhi. Most of his running scripts are manuscripts.
3 "Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry"
Written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng, it is Su Shi's masterpiece after he failed to resist Wang Anshi's political reform and was demoted to Huangzhou, Hubei. At this time, Su Shi "walked in a field with Tian". In the second year (the fourth year of Yuanfeng), Ma Zhengqing, an old friend, asked Su Shi for dozens of acres of wasteland in the east of the city, and Su Shi reclaimed land to build houses and cultivate food. Calligraphy and poetry complement each other. The paper is full of gloomy clouds, the country is restless, and the words make people cry, which makes people feel deeply. This paste pen is natural and steady, with thick and full strokes and really the same font. From one word to one line, from one line to the whole article, the up, down, left and right are flexible, patchwork and seamless, with large and small fonts, extremely random, different postures, and pen. There are both "stones crush the toad" and "snakes hang on the treetops", such as "Nian, Zhong, Wei, Paper" and so on. And the layout is dense, revealing a sparse atmosphere from time to time.
Su Shi is an advocate of literati painting. He wrote a poem and said, "I won't do this book with my heart." It is the beginning of the so-called "Song people care" to advocate that there is no need to stick to the ancient times and that enough is enough. If the calligraphy of the Tang and Song Dynasties is compared as a whole, the people of the Tang Dynasty value the law and are strict with it. Song people worship meaning and express their heartfelt wishes, so Song people are the first. Su Shi admired the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi. His calligraphy is elegant and charming, but his style is still very deep. His strokes are thick, his fonts are flat and rich, his strokes are horizontal and his words are tightly tied. Compared with the running script of the Jin Dynasty, it is "especially out of date." At that time, it caused some people to argue that it did not conform to the ancient meaning, but people who knew Su Shi should be friends. When commenting on the calligraphers at that time, Huang pointed out: "Su Shi is the first one in the dynasty," and added: "Mr. Dongpo often compares himself with Yan (Zhen Qing), learning from others' strengths and complementing each other's strengths. Both of them are great men."
Knowledge supplement
What is a running script? Running script is between regular script and cursive script, which is produced to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the illegible cursive script, so it is not as scribbled and correct as cursive script. Whether it is cursive or cursive in essence.