1260, Kublai Khan handed over the task of creating unified characters to Buddhist teacher Ba Siba. Basiba pondered in Tibet for eight years and finally returned to Mongolia with Basiba. Kublai Khan asked to "translate and write all the characters" in Ba Si Ba language, including Mongolian, Chinese and Tibetan. The writing of Basiba documents is consistent with Mongolian, from left to right, from top to bottom, and divided by syllables. At that time, Mongolians had used Uighur for many years and were unwilling to learn the illegible Basiba language. Han people are used to using Chinese characters, but they can't understand or understand them. Tibetans are used to writing horizontally, and it is awkward to read Basiba, so the promotion of Basiba has encountered great difficulties. Ba Si Ba Wen began to be used in 1269, but not many people mastered it two years later, so Kublai Khan issued a letter in 127 1 year asking all officials to learn Ba Si Ba Wen within 100 days, so that those who are small officials can be promoted, those who are not officials can learn to give them to officials, and those who are illiterate can be exempted from Ura corvee for life. Even so, Ba Si Ba Wen, known as the "national source", has never been popularized among the people.
Basiba bronze medal About the name Basiba, it was originally called "Mongolian neologism" and was renamed as "Mongolian word" soon. At present, there are two common names in academic circles at home and abroad. One is named after the creator, which is called "eight thoughts and eight characters"; One is to name letters according to their shape characteristics, which is called "Fang Zi". As an official language, Basiba has been used for 100 years. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, Basiba was abolished in the Central Plains immediately. After being used for a period of time in the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Basiba officially withdrew from the historical stage, only occasionally appearing on the doorframes of Mongolian dwellings in the form of deformed characters. The owner didn't know its meaning, but played a decorative role. It is also said that some monks in Mongolia who believe in Tibetan Buddhism still use it.