Oh! The reason for the ups and downs, although called destiny, is not personnel? We can know why Zhuang Zong won the world, not why he lost it.
⑨ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩ ⑩1932 (12), I stand (13). It is (23) the father's ambition to have Er (20-3) and Er Qi (2 1) without (22) forgetting! "Zhuang Zong is hidden in the temple. In the future, if soldiers (24) are used, they will be sent (25) to sue the temple (27) with a small prison (26), asking (28) to take its goal, make up its tricks (29), take the initiative (30), win (3 1) and accept (32).
Fang (33), Yan and his son (34), wrote to the leader of Liang Junchen (35), entered the ancestral temple (36), returned to the former king (37), and declared success (38); Its exuberance can be described as exuberance! And Qiu Kan (39) has been destroyed, and the world has been decided. The husband (40) cries at night, while the violent responders (465,438+0) go out in a panic (42). Before seeing the thief, the soldiers dispersed (43), and the monarch and the minister looked after each other (44), and I didn't know where to go. As for swearing to heaven (45). Is it (5 1) rare and volatile (52)? Whether (53) this (54) its (55) success or failure depends entirely on (56) people (57)? "Book" (58) said: "Full of losses, modest benefits. (59) "Worrying about labor (60) can prosper the country (6 1), and it is natural to die (63) in one (62).
Therefore, Fang Qisheng also raised (64) heroes in the world, and Mo (65) can compete with them; And its decline, dozens of people trapped, physical death (66) national extinction (67), lift (68) the world laugh (69). (70) Husband's misfortune is often accumulated in (7 1) but slight (72), while Zhi Yong (73) is trapped in (74) and drowned in (75). Is it a person?
[Note and release]
1 fate: the will of the gods. The ancients often said that the fate of individuals and the rise and fall of dynasties were all determined by heaven. ② Personnel: as opposed to "destiny", it refers to people's actions. ③ Original text: verb, inference, tracing to the source. ④ Li (892-926), the son of Li Keyong, destroyed the back beam in 923 AD, unified the northern part of China, established the later Tang Dynasty and changed to Tongguang. History books say that he is a "studious man, a bosom friend, and can play happily", and often "plays with actors in the palace". In the four years of Tongguang, his army was in chaos, and Li Ming became a virtue and made Li Siyuan crusade against him. After the heir came to Ye, he proclaimed himself emperor, counterattacked Luoyang, and was killed by the palace players. ⑤: Pronouns refer to the world. ⑥ knowable: Omit the knowable, the omitted word "knowledge" refers to the lost reason of the world, and the latter word "knowledge" represents the reason of rise and fall. By, by, by. ⑦ The world: the world. ⑦ King of Jin: Li Keyong, a Shatuo native (father surnamed Zhu Xie, named Chi Xin, named Li Guo Chang for his contribution to the Tang Dynasty), was named King of Jin because he sent troops to help the Tang Dynasty suppress the Huang Chao uprising. Pet-name ruby: used between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of "Wang Jin will die" and make it act as an adverbial of time. Attending arrow: arrow. (1 1) beam:. Huang Chao surrendered to Zhu Wen in the Tang Dynasty, gave him the title of Quanzhong, and made him King Liang. In Tang Xizong, Zhu Quanzhong planned to murder Li Keyong, while Li Keyong repeatedly called for a crusade against Zhu Quanzhong. The two sides were at loggerheads and kept fighting. (12) The Prince of Yan: refers to Liu Rengong. Liu Ben, the secretariat of Youzhou, captured Youzhou with the help of Li Keyong and served as Lulong. Later, Liu Rengong joined Zhu Quanzhong, and his son, Liu Shouguang, began to call him a prince and later proclaimed himself emperor. It is a common saying that Liu Rengong is a prince here. (13) vertical: support, support. (14) I and the Khitan are brothers: in the first year of God bless in Tang Zhaozong, Li Keyong made a covenant with Lu Ye Abaoji, the leader of the Khitan, and became brothers, hoping to send troops to jointly attack Zhu Quanzhong. Later, Paul supported the League and sent people to make friends with Zhu Quanzhong. Qidan refers to the Yelv security machine of Liao Taizu. (15) and: but. (16) Jin: Li Keyong claimed to be. (17) With: conjunction, and. (18) Return: Return. (19) regret: regret. Hate and regret. (20) er: you. (2 1) Its: mood adverb, indicating the mood of hope or command. (22) None: No, don't. (23) Yes: you, yours. (24) Fight: Fight. (25) Engaged in: official name, which generally refers to ordinary officials here. (26) Less prisoners: Sacrificing ancestors with a pig and a sheep. It is called "too fast" to use one Niu Yi pig and one sheep. (27) sue to the temple: the omission of "sue to the week". Arrive. With all due respect. (29) Kit: a silk bag. (30) Negation and precursor: omit "negation and precursor". Pioneer, walk in front of the team. (3 1) Triumph: Returning to the division with a triumphant song. Kay, the music is playing in victory. Spin, turn back, turn back. (32) That: Zang. (33) party: when. (34) Tieyan father and son in groups: that is, "Tieyan father and son in groups". Ball, ribbon, silk rope, here generally refers to the rope. In 9 12, Li sent troops to attack Youzhou and captured Liu Rengong's family. Liu Shouguang, the son of Liu Rengong, fled to Cangzhou and was also captured. Both father and son were executed. (35) The first letter to Liang Junchen: In 923 AD, after Tang Bing invaded Kaifeng, Zhu Youzhen, the last emperor of Liang Dynasty, ordered Huang Fulin to commit suicide. Huang Fulin killed the last emperor and then committed suicide. Letters, used as nouns of verbs, are packed in boxes. (36) Ancestral Hall: The ancestral hall of the emperor. (37) Returning to the former king: the omission of "returning to the former king". The late king and the late emperor refer to Li Keyong, the king of Jin. (38) Success: that is, "Success". After "Success", the object "Zhi (generation of the first king)" is saved. (39) Qiu (chóu): the enemy. Pei is synonymous with "hatred". In 926 AD, Huang Fuhui, a soldier stationed in Qinghe County, Hebei Province, colluded with his henchmen to make an insurrection, acclaimed Zhao as commander-in-chief and invaded Yedu (now Anyang City, Henan Province). Xing zhou (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province) and Cangzhou Garrison successively made an insurrection. (40) Husband: This refers to the sergeant Huang Fuhui who launched the mutiny. In 936 AD, Huangfuhui, who was stationed in Qinghe, Hebei Province, led Zhao Jinjun to Yedu, Henan Province. (4 1) Four Responses to Rebellion: refers to the successive uprisings of defenders in xing zhou (now Xingtai, Hebei) and Cangzhou. (42) in a hurry: in a hurry. (43) Separation of foot soldiers: Tang moved from Luoyang to the east to Wansheng Town (now zhongmou county, Henan Province). Hearing that Li Siyuan (Li Keyong's adopted son, who had defected at that time) had occupied the girder (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), Tang quickly ordered the army to drive it back. Soldiers defected along the way and were separated in half. (44) Care for each other: Looking at each other means that Zhuang Zongjun and his subjects have no choice but to look at each other. (45) Swear by Heaven: Swear by Heaven. (46) Broken hair: Cut off the hair. The ancients used hair instead of head, and cutting hair was a symbolic "haircut" action. Zhuang Zong went to stonebridge, east of Luoyang, where more than 100 people cried with the generals. All the generals cut off their hair and put it on the ground, vowing to serve Zhuang Zong to the death. (47) wet: wet. (48) Lap: Lap refers to clothes. (49) He Qi: Why? (50) Decline: Decline, embarrassment. From (5 1): an adverb indicating speculative mood, perhaps, Murphy. (52) One (yú): interrogative modal particles, (53) Suppress {{yü}}: Choose conjunctions, or, or. (54) Ben: verb, inquiry, deduction. This refers to Zhuang Zong. (56) from: from, by. (57) Person: refers to personnel. (58) Book: refers to the history book of one of the Five Classics. (59) full of losses, modest benefits: from "Shangshu Dayu Mo", now often write "full of losses, modest benefits." (60) Worry and toil: Worry and toil. (6 1) Line: Causative usage makes ... stand up. (62) Comfort: happiness. Zhuang Zong's love of music and happiness. (63) Death: Destroy yourself. Destroy. (64) Elevator: All. Mo: No one. (66) Physical death: refers to the lucky actor Guo, who took advantage of being alienated from others to get up and make trouble. Zhuang Zong led the troops to resist and died halfway. (67) National Mourning: After Zhuang Zong's death, Li Keyong's adopted son Li Siyuan (Mingzong) ascended the throne, and some of his ministers advocated establishing their own national titles. Although this matter has not been implemented, after the death of Zhuang Zong, the first-line descendants of Li Keyong were killed, which can also be said to be a "national mourning". (68) for: existence. (69) Laugh: Laugh and make fun of. (70) Fu (fú): a phrase used at the beginning of a sentence. (7 1) in: due to. (72) From: A tiny thing. Suddenly, a thousandth of an inch. Micro, millionth of an inch. (73) Wisdom and courage; A clever and brave man. (74) Yu: Yes. (75) Drowning: the thing that is spoiled refers to the sensuality of dogs and horses. Drowning, indulging, doting.
[translated text]
Alas! The rise and fall of (a country), although it is caused by fate, is not it also caused by personnel? The reason why Zhuang Zong won the world and the reason why the later Tang Dynasty lost the world can be used to understand this truth. The world said that King Jin gave three arrows when he died, telling him: "Liang is my enemy; I raised the prince of Yan. The Khitans and I made a covenant and became brothers, but they all betrayed me and took refuge in Liang. These three things are my regrets. (I) give you three arrows, don't forget your father's legacy! " Zhuang Zong accepted (three arrows) and kept them in the ancestral hall. Since then, whenever there was a war, he sent his courtiers with a pig and a sheep to the ancestral hall to worship and pray, respectfully invited three arrows out, bagged them with silk arrows, carried them in front of the team, and then hid them when they returned victorious (in the ancestral hall).
When he tied the prince and his son with a rope, put the head of the emperor's minister in a wooden box, entered the ancestral temple, returned the arrow to the first king, and then reported the news of success to his ancestors, that high-spirited spirit was heroic enough! When the enemy has been destroyed and the world has been pacified, (I don't know) someone shouted at night and the insurgents responded from all directions. (Zhuang Zong) rushed to the east (Bianzhou), but before he saw the rebels, the foot soldiers all defected and separated. Zhuang Zong and his courtiers looked at each other and didn't know where to go, so the generals who followed him cut off their hair and swore to heaven. Is it difficult to win the world, but easy to lose it? Or (now) to explore the process of his success and failure, so as to realize that this success or failure is artificial? "Shangshu" said: "Complacency is detrimental, while modesty is beneficial." Worry and hard work can make the country prosperous, which is natural, and blind pursuit of happiness will lead to its own destruction. Therefore, when Zhuang Zong works hard, no one in the world can compete with him for hero status; When he was weak-willed, dozens of actors besieged him. As a result, he was shot dead with an arrow, the regime collapsed and was laughed at by the whole world. From this point of view, disasters are often accumulated by extremely small bad things, and most smart and brave people are confused by what they love. Is it only love for actors that leads to ruin?
[Appreciation]
The characteristic of Ouyang Xiu's articles is "simple but with laws". The length of this article is not long, but due to the organic cooperation of narrative discussion and the change of priority rhythm, the whole article appears ups and downs. The article begins with a rhetorical question-"The theory of ups and downs, though called destiny, is not human nature?" And then put forward the argument that directly dominates the whole paper, and then use the historical fact that Zhuang Zongxian prospered first and then declined as an argument to demonstrate. When telling the story of "Three Arrows of the King of Jin", from giving and receiving Tibet to asking for giving and receiving, the story is quite complete and the writing is quite gentle. Immediately, the author used two long sentences: "... is magnificent" and "... is too weak", which was first promoted and then suppressed, and the article was pushed to * * *, like a meteorite falling into the sea, causing huge waves. One prosperity and one decline, one prosperity and one death, one positive and one negative. The strong contrast makes people deeply understand the truth that "worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can die". Then the author draws a conclusion from the different endings of "Fang Qisheng" and "Fang Qisheng": "Disasters often add up, and wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. Are you alone? " Draw a general conclusion from individual typical cases, and draw a warning to future generations from the historical data of "ups and downs are up to people". The full text is flexible in structure, encouraging and criticizing, linking and combining, and clear in rhythm, so it is concise and breathtaking.