Original text: The wind and smoke are all pure, the Tianshan Mountains are beautiful. Drifting in the current, anything. A hundred miles from Fuyang to Tonglu, there are strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world.
The water is all pale blue, thousands of feet deep. There are fish and rocks swimming around, which are unobstructed even if you look directly at them. The rapids are like arrows, and the waves are as fierce as running.
The high mountains on the Jia'an (the current new textbooks use "Zhang") are all covered with cold trees. They compete with each other and compete for heights, forming thousands of peaks. The spring water stirs the rocks, making a cool sound; the good birds sing to each other, and their chirping becomes a rhyme. The cicada spins endlessly, while the ape cries endlessly. Those who fly violently to the sky look at the peaks and calm their minds; those who are economical in world affairs look into the valleys and forget to rebel. The top of the horizontal keel is covered, and it is still dim during the day; the sparse strips overlap, and sometimes the sun can be seen.
Text notes: 1 Selected from Volume 7 of "Art and Literature Collection" (Zhonghua Book Company, 1982 edition). Wu Jun (469-520), whose courtesy name was Shuxiang. He was born in Guzhang (now Anji County, Zhejiang Province) in Wuxing. Liang writer and historian in the Southern Dynasties. Zhu Yuansi, first known as Song Yuansi, also named Yushan, his life is unknown. This is a fragment from a letter written by Wu Jun to Zhu Yuansi.
2. Ju: all
3. Jing: scattered
4. *** color: the same color. ***, the same
5. Drifting with the current: (by boat) drifting with the current of the river. Obedience, obedience, obedience.
6. To: To
7. Xu: Approximately, indicating an approximate quantity
8. Dujue: Unique
9. Qingbi: bluish white.
10. Rapids: rapid water flow
11. No obstructions if you look directly: Keep looking and there will be no obstacles. It is as clear and transparent as the water in a river.
12. Jingjian: Jingjian: faster than an arrow. Very: to surpass.
13. If: Like
14. Ben: This refers to a galloping horse.
15. Cold tree: A tree that is cold-resistant and evergreen.
16. Race up with negative momentum: (Alpine) Relying on the strength of the mountain, race up. Negative: by virtue of. Jing: contending
17. Xuan Miao: Gaoyuan. It is used as a verb here, meaning higher than high
18. Directly: straight up. Points: upward.
19. Qianbaichengfeng: It means forming countless peaks.
20. Ji: impulse
21. Ling (líng) Ling Xi: Make a Ling Ling sound. Ling Ling is an onomatopoeic word that describes the clear sound of water.
22. Xiangming: Harmony with each other.
23. Ying (yīng) Ying Cheng Yun: It means that the sound of the sound is harmonious and pleasant. Ying Ying, birds chirping. Rhyme, harmonious sound.
24. Qianzhuan: Call continuously for a long time. Thousand means many. Turn, pass "chirp", the sound of birds chirping.
25. Wujue: It means "non-cessation" and never disappears. It is opposite to "not poor" in the previous sentence.
26. 鸢(yuān)飞戾(lì)天: means the eagle flies to the sky. This sentence is used here to describe those who pursue fame and fortune for the sake of fame and fortune. Kite, ancient books say it is a bird like an owl. Some people say it is a ferocious bird, roughly the same shape as an eagle. Violence, to.
27. Look at the peaks and calm down: Seeing the mountains here, the pursuit of fame and wealth will calm down. Xi: To calm...
28. Economics person: A person who handles government affairs. Economics, planning, management.
29. Seeing (these beautiful) valleys will make you forget to return. Anti: means "hui", to return. Peep: look
30. Heng Ke Shang Sheng: The slanting trees cover the top. Ke, the branches of trees. Cover: cover
31. Even in the daytime, it is as dark as dusk. Day: daytime. Ju: still like
32. Sparse branches cover each other: sparse branches cover each other. Interaction: mutual.
33. See: Same as "see now".
34. Sun: Sun, sunshine
Translation: The wind and smoke have all dissipated, and the sky and distant mountains show the same color. I was drifting along the river in a boat, sometimes due to the east, sometimes due to the west. The distance from Fuyang County to Tonglu County is about a hundred miles, and the strange landscape is unique in the world.
The river water is all green, and the deep water is crystal clear. Swimming fish and small rocks can be seen clearly without any obstruction. The rapid current is faster than an arrow, and the turbulent waves are as fierce as a galloping horse.
The mountains on both sides of the strait are all covered with tall and green trees. The mountains are vying to rise according to the mountains, as if they are competing to reach high and far away; they are vying to be higher and farther, pointing straight to the sky, forming a There are hundreds of mountains. The spring water rushes against the stones, making a cool sound; beautiful birds sing to each other, singing harmonious and beautiful sounds. The cicada on the tree is always singing, and the ape in the mountain is always not stopped when they call. Those who are eager for fame and fortune will calm down their desire for fame and fortune when they see these majestic mountain peaks; those who deal with government affairs will be reluctant to leave when they see these beautiful valleys. The slanting branches cover it, and even during the day, it is as dark as at dusk. The sparse branches cover each other, and sometimes the sun can be seen.
Appreciation: "The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times." The beauty of the country has attracted countless poets and poets to recite poems and compositions, leaving many popular landscape masterpieces for today's people. Among them, "Books with Zhu Yuan" written by Wu Jun, a famous parallel essayist in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, vividly and realistically depicts the beautiful scenery along the Fuchun River in only 144 characters, and is regarded as a masterpiece of scenery description in parallel prose. Reciting this article, I feel the beautiful scenery, beautiful emotions, beautiful words, and beautiful chapters. Such a short length gives people a feeling of overwhelming beauty, which is breathtaking. The full text not only uses human feelings to reflect the beauty of the mountains and rivers, but also expresses contempt for secular officialdom and those who pursue fame and fortune. It implicitly reveals the noble wisdom of admiring the beautiful nature and retiring from the world.
1. Beautiful artistic conception
The beginning of the article outlines the background of the Fuchun River landscape for us in simple strokes: the sun is bright, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the air is fresh, the mountains are green, He also summarized the overall impression of the water tour from Fuyang to Tonglu: "Strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world."
In the second paragraph, write "different water". First, grasp its "ethereal" characteristics and write about its crystal clear static beauty: The water seems to be transparent, you can see the bottom at a glance, even the fish that come and go quickly, and the numerous fine stones on the bottom of the water. Unobstructed view. Then, he uses metaphors and exaggeration to outline the dynamic beauty of the rapid waves: sometimes the water surges rapidly and plunges thousands of miles, which makes people feel thrilling. Such description, there is movement in the stillness, and the combination of movement and stillness shows the beauty and spectacular beauty of the Fuchun River, and highlights the word "different".
In the third paragraph, write "strange mountain". First of all, from the perspective of shape, the wonder of the mountain itself is described. The wonder lies in "racing against the negative momentum" and "fighting for the heights and pointing directly". Mountains are originally static, but in the author's writings, they seem to have infinite vitality. They seem to break away from the earth and go straight to the sky. If they want to go up, they will become "thousands of peaks", with mountains upon mountains. Secondly, I wrote about the wonder of the sounds of nature in the empty mountain from the perspective of sound. In the empty mountain valley, the springs tinkled, the birds sang in harmony, the cicadas kept singing, and the apes couldn't stop crying. These cheerful sounds merged into an ode to life, turning this silent valley into a A lively, harmonious, joyful and peaceful world. The mountain contains these lives, and these lives give the mountain infinite vitality. Once again, from the perspective of color, he writes about the wonder of the sun and the lack of light in the mountains and forests. Although it is sunny outside the mountains, there is a unique scene in the mountains. The author's style of writing changes from dynamic to still, describing a dark scene in the valley with dense forests and dense shade, with only "sometimes the sun can be seen" during the day. This section describes the shape, sound, and color of the mountain, all closely related to the word "odd".
The author grasps the characteristics of this mountain and water, cleverly combines movement and stillness, sound and color, light and shadow, and paints a landscape picture full of vitality for readers, allowing readers to fully enjoy both sides of the Fuchun River. "The beauty of mountains and rivers".
2. The beauty of ambition
This article focuses on describing scenery, and there are very few words that directly express emotions. However, excellent articles have always paid attention to the interplay of scenes. We can appreciate the author's noble aspirations and noble feelings from the author's description of the scenery and a few sentences about his impressions. From the first sentence "Drifting on the current, anything and everything", we can feel the ease and comfort of enjoying freedom, unrestrained and carefree; from the description of the landscape, we can appreciate the author's love for nature and freedom. A celebration of life force. What is even more admirable is that when describing the mountain scenery, the author inserted two sentences of observation: "Those who fly violently to the sky look at the peaks and rest their minds; those who are economical in worldly affairs look into the valleys and forget to rebel." These few sentences not only highlight the soul-stirring charm of dangerous peaks and valleys from the side, but also convey the author's disdain for fame and fortune and his weariness with officialdom and government affairs.
Taking it carefully, the author's ambition is different from the active participation in the world of "knowing that it is impossible and doing it", and also different from the passive retreat from the world of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence and leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain". It is an admiration for relaxed nature, a yearning for freedom and harmony, and a tribute to joyful life. It is less serious and more unrestrained than the former, less pessimistic and more cheerful than the latter. Therefore, it has a more ordinary mentality, and is easier for people to accept and feel friendly.
3. The beauty of language
Parallel prose is a style that pays attention to form. The author Wu Jun was a well-known parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties. His representative work "Books with Zhu Yuan" naturally maintains the characteristics of parallel prose. The article basically follows the requirements of parallel prose, mainly using four-character sentences and six-character sentences, and uses a lot of couplets in the second half of the article, such as "Spring water stirs rocks, making a cold sound; good birds sing to each other, and their chirps become rhymes", " The cicada turns a thousand times without end, while the ape makes a hundred calls without end." This achieves the expression effect of neat sentence structure, harmonious phonology, contrasting ideas, and contrasting ideas. It is catchy to read and has a strong sense of rhythm.
But this article is different from the common parallel prose at that time. It breaks the formal constraints of parallel prose to a certain extent and embodies valuable breakthroughs and innovations.
First, in four-character sentences and six-character sentences, an alternating pattern of five-character and four-character sentences is used, such as "Those who fly violently to the sky will look at the peaks and rest their minds; those who are economical in worldly affairs will peek into the valley and forget to rebel." This avoids It eliminates the rigid and uniform shortcomings of parallel prose and makes the language appear lively and free; secondly, the first half of the article has almost no duality, which is no different from ordinary prose (especially the first section), while the second half is basically full of neat couplets, so The combination of parallel prose and the alternating arrangement of density and density makes the language flexible and more rhythmic; thirdly, the article does not pile up allusions like ordinary parallel prose, and even deliberately uses cold and rare characters to describe the scenery, and strives to accurately convey the spirit. It makes the language of the article appear fresh, natural, vivid and smooth, and it appears to be outstanding and extraordinary in the parallel prose that was dominated by gorgeous and unrestrained prose at that time.
4. Beautiful structure
Although "Books with Zhu Yuansi" is short in length, it is also very organized.
The first paragraph of the article leads the whole article with the character "strange mountains and strange waters, unique in the world". The second and third paragraphs respectively inherit the two aspects of "strange mountains and strange mountains" and surround the words "unique in the world". "The two characters unfold and describe, and the structure is broad and clear in context.
The sequence of describing the scenery is first "water" and then "mountain", unfolding layer by layer from near to far, which is in line with the viewing habit of "drifting with the current" and is clear and organized.
In the focus of describing the scene, write "mountain" in detail in the full text and shorthand "water"; for the part about "water", write down the static in detail and shorthand for dynamic; for the part about "mountain", write down dynamic in detail and shorthand "static" . This not only highlights the main features of the scenery, but also makes it appear detailed and appropriate, with a moderate degree of importance.
Reading "Books with Zhu Yuansi" is like reading a good poem, because it not only has poem-like language with meaningful words and harmonious syllables, but is also filled with fresh and elegant poetic sentiment; reading "Books with Zhu Yuansi" "Book" is like appreciating a freehand landscape painting, because it has distinctive scenery and a clear and free painting style. In short, the article has beautiful scenes and excellent words, which can give us the enjoyment of beauty and the joy of the soul.
. At the beginning of the Tianjian reign of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, he was the governor of the county. In the sixth year of Tianjian (507), he was introduced as the record office by King Xiaowei of Jian'an. Later, he was appointed as an imperial minister. Because he wrote "Qi Chunqiu" privately, he offended Emperor Wu of Liang and was dismissed from office. Soon after he was ordered to write "General History", he died before the book was completed. People called his writing style "Wu Jun Style"
"Liang Shu·Biography of Wu Jun" said that his "style is pure and ancient", which was quite influential at the time and was called "Wu Jun Style" at that time. There are more than 140 of his poems in existence today, most of which were written as gifts or farewells from friends. The phonology is harmonious and the style is clear and elegant, belonging to the typical Qi Liang style; but the language is clear and clear, the allusions are appropriate, and there is no disadvantage of stacking up. Wu Jun is good at depicting the surrounding scenery to exaggerate the sadness of separation. For example, "Send Liu Wuxing Bamboo Pavilion Collection" "The fish play in the evening, and the rain stops. The white clouds come and go, and the green peaks return to their sides. The cows and sheep roam under them, and the colors of the mountains are dim." The mountains and fields in the hazy twilight The scene brings out the sad atmosphere of parting. Another example is "Light clouds drift far away, drizzle washes the mountain clothes", "Liaochuan River is dark in the day, yellow dust rises in Longdi", the descriptions of the scenes are very detailed. Wu Jun paid great attention to learning Yuefu folk songs, and composed many ancient Yuefu poems, such as "The Road Is Difficult" 5, "No One Walks", "Walking in the Army", etc. Although the words are gorgeous, they still have a strong and fresh atmosphere, with Bao Bao. According to Yu Xu. Some of his five-character poems, such as "You follow the green waves far away, I chase the breeze back", "Fold the lotus seams to make a cover, and spin the fallen feathers into silk", etc., have a strong folk song flavor. Wu Jun came from a poor family and was unhappy all his life. Some of his works often show the ambition and courage of a poor scholar, such as "A Gift to Wang Guiyang". "Frost Bones" uses pine trees to express the complaints about the lack of talent. Its conception is very similar to Zuo Si's "Pine at the Bottom of Yu Yujian" and Tao Yuanming's "Green Pine in the East Garden". For example, poems such as "Plum Blossoms Fall", "The Journey Is Difficult", and "Farewell to the New Forest" also implicitly express the desire to make a difference. In addition, such as "Four Poems of Border Town Generals", which praises the heroic spirit of the soldiers "flying into the Han Dynasty with high flags and using long whips to write down the ground"; "Beautiful Resentment" describes the pain of missing the loved ones of the families of the conscripts, both of which have relatively realistic content. At that time, Rarely seen in poetry.
Wu Jun is a historian. He is the author of thirty volumes of "Qi Chunqiu", ten volumes of "Temple Records", sixteen volumes of "Twelve States", five volumes of "Biography of the Sages of Qiantang", and annotations Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han" and other ninety volumes are unfortunately lost. He is a famous litterateur. "Book of Liang" has this legend: "Jun's style is pure and ancient, and those who are interested may learn from it and call it 'Wu Jun Style'." His "Collected Works" are in twenty volumes. "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" contains four descriptions: "Liang Fengchao requested twenty volumes of "Wu Jun Collection"." "Old Tang Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" and "New Tang Shu·Yi Wen Zhi" both recorded twenty volumes. "History of the Song Dynasty·Yiwenzhi" records: "Three volumes of "Collected Poems of Wu Jun"." It can be seen that most of his collected works were lost during the Song Dynasty. The collections of the Ming Dynasty include:
Wu Jun was good at writing letters in parallel prose. There are now three chapters: "Books with Shi Zhi Jing Shu", "Books with Zhu Yuan Si", and "Books with Gu Zhang", all of which are good at describing scenes. For example, "The cliffs are dry and the sky is dry, and the solitary peaks are in the Han Dynasty. There are hundreds of green peaks, and the green rivers are turning thousands of times."
"Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" records 20 volumes of "Wu Jun Collection", which has been lost. Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled "Wu Chao Qing Ji" and included it in "Han, Wei and Six Dynasties Collection of One Hundred and Three Families".
Parallel prose:
Also known as "parallel prose", it is a style opposite to prose. It originated in the late Han Dynasty, formed during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and became popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The biggest feature of parallel style writing is its emphasis on antithesis, which is the so-called "parallel couple" (two horses riding together are called parallel, and two people riding side by side are called parallel).
The whole article is mainly composed of couplets, which form upper and lower couplets with an equal number of words. The syntactic structures are symmetrical to each other, and the parts of speech and meanings of words are paired with each other. The sentences are usually four-character sentences and six-character sentences alternating with each other. Therefore, this style of writing was called four or six sentences in the late Tang Dynasty. It was followed by successive dynasties, and it was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was called parallel style prose. Parallel prose had a great influence on the development of literary language after the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially rhymed poems and rhymed poems. However, due to the excessive pursuit of form, parallel prose gradually moved towards formalism, which hindered the expression of ideological content and became the shackles of the article (zhì gù, shackles and handcuffs, metaphorical things that bind people or things).
Language phenomena in the text
1. Tongjiazi
Turn: Tong "啭". Example: The cicada turns endlessly.
Anti: means "return". Example: Seeing the valley and forgetting to rebel.
See: pass "present". Example: See the light of day.
2． Ancient and modern meanings
Xu Ancient meaning: attached to an integer word to express a divisor. Example: It is a hundred miles from Fuyang to Tonglu.
Today’s meaning: maybe, agree, approve, etc.
Ben ancient meaning: refers to a galloping horse. Example: The waves are rushing like waves.
Today’s meaning: run, gallop.
Jinglun ancient meaning: planning, management. Example: A person who knows the world affairs
Today’s meaning: the ability to plan and manage politics
The ancient meaning of ruthlessness: to. Righteousness: sin
3. The word has multiple meanings
Exquisite mountains and rivers, unique in the world (beautiful, wonderful)
The ape can scream a hundred times without end (stop, stop)
The upper negative potential competes upward (upward)
The horizontal block is covered (on the top)
No direct view, no hindrance (nothing)
The ape screams a hundred times Wujue (stop)
A hundred and a hundred miles (multiples of ten)
The ape can scream a hundred times without a cessation (extremely many)
4. Parts of speech in use
Anything (something: a noun as a verb, heading east or west)
The waves are like running (running: a verb is used as a noun, a galloping horse)
p>
Negative potential competes for Shang (Shang: a noun used as a verb, upward)
Xuan Miao (Xuan Miao: an adjective used as a verb, extending to high or far away)
Wangfeng Xixin (xi: the verb is used as a verb to calm down)
hengke shangyi (upper: the noun is used as an adverbial, above)
5． Special sentence patterns
Omitted sentences
(The boat) drifts in the current, anything (the subject is omitted)
The rapids are even (for) arrows (the preposition "on" is omitted ")
Inverted sentence
Postpositioned attributive
The kite flies to the violent sky
That is: the kite flies to the violent sky< /p>
This article expresses the author's thoughts and feelings
It expresses the author's love for mountains and rivers and his disdain for fame and fortune
The admiration for relaxation and nature, the freedom and harmony Yearning, a tribute to the joy of life.
Sentence Appreciation
The sentence "Those who fly violently to the sky with kites will look at the peaks and rest their minds; those who are economical in worldly affairs will peek into the valleys and forget to rebel" vividly describes the charm of the mountains and expresses the The author feels proud when he can see the beautiful scenery. It also shows the author's thought of abandoning fame and persuading his friends to live in seclusion.
Remarks: Fuchun River
Fuchun River, with a total length of 110 kilometers, connects the West Lake of Hangzhou, which is known as the "Paradise on Earth", and the other end of the river, which is said to be "Don't look at the mountains after returning" Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. And the Fuchun River itself is so full of magical charm. The ingenious natural landscape and the ancient historical relics are connected and complement each other. Some people praise the Fuchun River for "combining all the wonders of the world." This may be a bit exaggerated. , but it is not an exaggeration to call her China’s golden tourist route...
The Fuchun River is divided into two sections: the upper and lower sections. The lower section from Wenjiayan in Hangzhou to Tonglu is called the lower reaches of the Fuchun River, and the upper section from Tonglu to Jiande Meicheng is called the upper reaches of the Fuchun River. It is also the most beautiful section of the Fuchun River. There are green mountains on both sides of the river. The mountains are created by the water, and everything is green. The spring water of the river is beautiful because of the mountains, and the water is as clear as the lake and the sea is as blue as the sky. Fuchun River has mountains and water, and mountains in the water. The water flows in the mountains, and the mountains surround the water. The peaks are surrounded by greenery, which is rare in tourist scenery. The Fuchun River is mainly a water system, integrating numerous waterfalls, majestic rock peaks, and ancient villages to form a scenic tourist belt. It can be said that "the green water and green mountains are not as good as the green paintings." When traveling here, you can not only climb mountains, but also go boating.
How did the ancients describe the scenery of Fuchun River? The book "Collection of Poems on Fuchun River Scenic Spots" published by Zhejiang People's Publishing House excerpts 1,003 people from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, and more than 2,000 poems about the landscape of Fuchun River. Among them, Wu Jun of the Southern Dynasties wrote in his "Book of Thoughts with Zhu Yuan": "The wind and smoke are all pure, the Tianshan Mountains are beautiful... the strange mountains and rivers are unique in the world." Wei Zhuang in the Tang Dynasty called Fujiang "the Qiantang River reaches Tonglu, and the water is blue." It is not as good as the green mountains and rivers.” Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty also praised: “Thousands of mountains and rivers in Sanwu are as beautiful as the scenery of Tonglu.” Wu Huan in the Yuan Dynasty praised: “The best mountains and rivers in the world are the best in ancient and modern times.” It can be seen that Fuchun River is a “wonderful mountain.” Different waters are unique in the world." It is a scenic spot that has long been known to the world. The scenery of the Fuchun River flowing through Tonglu is enough to make people intoxicated.
The mountains and rivers of Fuchun are unique in the world.
Looking back at that year, Huang Gongwang, one of the four great painters in the Yuan Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Fuchun and spent several years painting a "Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains". This historical masterpiece has gone through many vicissitudes of life and was almost turned into ashes as a burial object for a rich man. Today, the scroll, which was burned into two parts, is stored in museums in mainland China and Taiwan.
A better translation is: all the wind, dust, and smoke have dispersed, and the sky and mountain peaks reveal the same clear color. Let the boat float along with the water, traveling east or west. From Fuyang to Tonglu, there are more than a hundred miles of waterway, steep peaks and strange flowing water, which are unique in the world. The water in the river is all green, and the bottom can be seen even at a depth of thousands of feet. Swimming fish and fine pebbles can be seen very clearly. The rushing water is faster than a flying arrow, and the turbulent river waves are as powerful as galloping horses. The mountains on both sides of the bank are all covered with cold-resistant evergreen trees. Depending on the terrain, the mountains compete to rise upward, competing with each other in height and distance. They compete to point straight to the sky, forming thousands of peaks. The spring water hits the stones, making a cool sound; the good birds sing in harmony with each other, weaving a harmonious melody. The cicadas continue to chirp endlessly, while the apes and monkeys continue to call their songs hundreds of times. People who soar into the sky like eagles in their official career will calm down their passion for fame and fortune by taking a look at such beautiful peaks; people who are busy planning and managing worldly affairs all day long will linger after taking a look at such beautiful valleys. The slanting branches cover the sky, making it as dark as dusk even during the day; the sparse branches cover each other, and sometimes some light spots are leaked.
"The water is all pale green, and you can see the bottom thousands of feet away. There are fish swimming in the rocks, and it is unobstructed to look directly at." It is the same as "There are hundreds of fish in the pool, and they are all as if they are swimming in the sky and have nothing to support."
The sun is clear and shadows are spread on the rocks."