Venue: Dunhuang and Jiayuguan
In the fifty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong (1792), Bao Shiyi, a guerrilla general in Jiayuguan, presided over the construction of a stage, and Jiayuguan landscape (19) was an entertainment place for officers and men guarding the city, residents in the city and business travelers in the past. Its modeling is a typical traditional classical stage in China. The wooden screen separates the foreground from the background, and there are eight figures painted in the center of the screen, which is the familiar content of the "Eight Immortals". At the top is the traditional Chinese pattern "Eight Diagrams", which is a comprehensive reflection of China's ancient thoughts, culture and science. On both sides are a group of amorous feelings murals, depicting monks and nuns in temples and their pets. These paintings are very rare on other stages. There are couplets written on both sides of the stage: "The joys and sorrows of the past were exhausted, and fools were loyal to the scene." Couplets highly summarize the historical changes of human affairs and the role of traditional Chinese opera performance places in past dynasties. The clothes worn by Cao Shaoqin and his men are all dragging their feet, which are the styles that court men in the Ming Dynasty are keen to wear.
Drag a shape:
Horizontal collar, right slit, back lapel continuously cut up and down, front lapel divided into two sections, horse face pleated below waist, double pendulum on left and right, pleating from the middle to left and right. The length of the body is generally above the knee to the calf. The body is decorated with patches or cloud shoulders, sleeves and knees.
Belt, multi-purpose belt ring, hanging tooth tag.
Dental plaque is made of ivory, with slightly wider bottom, round top, moire and hanging holes at the top. The weight ranges from 672 to 672. The plaque is engraved with the number and name of the prison. By the end of the Ming dynasty, a new tooth-making card was changed. One side is a yamen, engraved with seal script, and the title is engraved below. On the other hand, the words "don't borrow, don't lose" are made in the palace and can't be made privately.
Brand spikes made of ivory or ox bones are covered by a green line with a drooping red line, which is eight inches long. Hang a tooth card or ebony card in the ear, tie it with a green sash, and hang it on the belt with a copper, silver or jade belt. Usually, when you wear a drag or paste in the palace, you should hang a green sash, a card ear and a tooth card.
Boots: made of suede, thin lining with soft bottom, lining with cloth and sewn with gold thread.
(Excerpted from Master Xie Fang-"Q Edition Daming Dress")
At the beginning of the movie, Cao Shaoqin sat on the high platform and bossed around. There is a small detail here, that is, the posture of his feet, which is very delicate.
-"Zhang Ting" depends on the eunuch's boots: the external character is alive, and the internal character is mortal!
Before Liu Jin, the court staff did not kill anyone. After Liu Jin improved the court staff, the prisoners were either dead or disabled. After the emperor issued the "Driving Post" for the court staff, the Royal Guards immediately took off their robes, put on prison clothes, tied their hands behind their backs and dragged them to the noon gate. Dozens of leading eunuchs of Silijian came with "driving posts" and shouted "Bring the prisoners here". Hundreds of Royal Guards responded with a loud roar, which shocked your Royal Highness's position. The eunuch shouted "kneel down" again, and then read the driving post. After the start of the battle, the hitters are changed to five sticks, and it takes 16 people to hit 80 sticks to avoid lack of strength. During the war, the commanders drank "strike hard" and "stick it on the pavilion" (meaning spanking), and the shouts shook the ground, making everyone who listened feel chestnut. Generally speaking, you can survive if you fight, but if you fight, the victim is born to die. There is also a saying that the thugs of the Royal Guards will look at the eunuch's boot tips in prison, let the external characters live, and the internal characters fight to the death. After the staff finished, they should lift the victim, then throw it on the ground and shout "Stand down", and the four captains dragged the victim away. It was Li Si who supervised the punishment, Jin Yiwei who carried it out, and the scholar-officials who were punished, which is the best portrayal of the political structure in the Ming Dynasty.
So anyway, Yang Yuxuan was doomed to die in front of Cao Shaoqin.
The function of the East Factory
The function of the East Factory is to "seek rebellion and abuse". And have the power with a security guard ". A person in charge was given the power to arrest and visit spies.
At first, Dongchang was only responsible for investigating and arresting people, and had no right to interrogate prisoners. The arrested suspects should be handed over to the security department of North Town of Jinyiwei for interrogation. But in the late Ming Dynasty, Dongchang also had its own prison.
Dongchang monitors various political forces such as government officials, celebrities and scholars, and has the right to report the monitoring results directly to the emperor. According to the information obtained from the monitoring, Dongchang can directly arrest and interrogate those political opponents with lower status without judicial trial; As for whether the opposition is a senior government official or a royal aristocrat, Dongchang can also arrest and interrogate with the authorization of the Emperor.
The investigation scope of Dongchang is very wide. The information obtained by the East Factory can be reported directly to the emperor, which is much more convenient than that the Royal Guards have to report by letter.
Ming History Criminal Law: "Criminal law has its own ideas, indifferent to the ancient system, court staff, East and West factories, Royal Guards, and town officials. Just a few people, killing people to death, but the law is not beautiful. Give in and do it until you can't. It's a pity to hear the hands of a samurai and an official. " "The establishment of the East Factory began with Chengzu. The prison of Jinyiwei was used by Taizu, but it has been banned since then, and the reuse began in Yongle. The factory guards depend on each other, so the speaker is also called the factory guard. "
field of investigation
The East Factory has a wide range of detectives:
◆ The court came to judge the major case, and the North Town of Royal Guards tortured the recidivist. The East Factory should send someone to hear the case.
Every yamen in the imperial court has people from the East Factory on duty to monitor the officials' every move.
Some important yamen documents, such as various side newspapers of the Ministry of War and Tang newspapers, must be checked by the East Factory.
◆ The daily life of ordinary people and the price of daily necessities are also within the reconnaissance range of the East Factory.
Government environment
The governor of the East Factory is an imperial eunuch, and his full-time title is: an imperial governor, an official eunuch of the East Factory, referred to as the prefect of the East Factory for short, and he is respectfully called "the factory public" or "the governor". At first, eunuchs were appointed eunuchs by supervisors in Li Si. Later, due to complicated affairs, he was changed to two or three eunuchs by Li Si. One of the subordinate officers of the East Factory is in charge of thousands of punishments, and the other is in charge of hundreds of punishments. They are served by thousands of Royal Guards, and they are called the officers who stick to punishments. Officers such as Li Shoufu (said to be in charge of more than 40 people, such as squad leader and secretarial office) and arrest affairs (said to be chief service officer and Fan Shoufu) are all deployed by the Royal Guards.
The layout of Dongchang House is as follows: a large portrait of Yue Fei will be displayed immediately after entering the building, and its main personnel need to understand Yue Fei's deeds and spirit to remind Dongchang to handle the case properly; On the screen wall on the right side of the hall, the stories of handling cases in past dynasties are engraved; The ancestral hall on the west side of the main hall is dedicated to the "factory public" of past dynasties; There is a memorial archway in front of the main hall, with the words "immortal" written on it.
Similarities and differences between Dongchang, Xichang and Wei Jinyi
Dongchang, Xichang and Wei Jinyi were the secret service agencies set up in the Ming Dynasty outside the three judicial organs, namely, the Ministry of Punishment, Duchayuan and Dali Temple. They were directly subordinate to the emperor and were in charge of the "royal prison".
Royal Guards, the emperor's bodyguard organization. Formerly known as Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, it was set up by the Imperial Archway and the Guard Department. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), it was changed to the imperial court, and in the fifteenth year, the Royal Guards were established as the military organization of the emperor.
The West Factory only existed for a short time in the history of the Ming Dynasty, and a new imperial institution, the West Factory, was established during the Chenghua period in Ming Xianzong. Its power even exceeds that of the old East Factory.
The West Factory was cancelled only five months after its establishment, and was restored by Xianzong one month later. After Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne, eunuch Liu Jin came to power, eunuch forces revived, the West Factory reopened, Liu Jin fell, and Wu Zongcai ordered the West Factory to be revoked. As a temporary product, the West Factory disappeared forever in history.
The leader of the Royal Guards is called the Commander-in-Chief (or Commander-in-Chief), usually a military commander close to the emperor, and rarely a eunuch. Belongs to the foreign minister. The leaders of the East Factory and the West Factory are eunuchs, that is, internal ministers.
In the relationship with Royal Guards, Dongchang came from behind. Because the owner of the East Factory has a close relationship with the emperor and is located in the palace, it is easier to gain the trust of the emperor. Royal Guards reported to the Emperor that if you want to play the music, the East Factory can say so. The emperor also gave the supervisor of the East Factory the power to supervise the security personnel. The relationship between Dongchang and Jinyiwei has gradually changed from the same level to the superior-subordinate relationship. In the era when eunuchs were in power, the commander of the Royal Guards even knelt down and kowtowed when he saw the boss of the East Factory.
What East Factory, West Factory and Wei Jinyi have in common is to supervise, investigate and suppress the illegal activities of officials. That is, "arrest".
In short, due to the inherent needs of authoritarian regime, the emperor needs a force independent of the bureaucratic system for his own use, such as East Factory, West Factory and Royal Guards.