Chaitoufeng
Red hands, yellow wine.
The city is filled with spring scenery and willows on the palace walls.
The east wind is evil and the joy is thin.
With a heavy heart, I have been away for a few years.
Wrong, wrong, wrong.
Spring is as old as ever, and people are thin and empty.
The tear stains are red and raw.
Peach blossoms fall, leisurely pool pavilion.
Although the mountain alliance is there, it is difficult to trust the brocade book.
Mo,mo,mo!
This poem is about Lu You’s own love tragedy.
Lu You's first wife was a lady from the Tang family in the same county. After they got married, they "got along well with each other" and were "very harmonious". They were a loving couple who were in love with each other. Unexpectedly, Lu's mother, one of the marriage arrangers, became disgusted with her daughter-in-law and forced Lu You to abandon the Tang family.
After Lu You tried to persuade and plead to no avail, the two were finally forced to separate. Tang remarried Zhao Shicheng, the "eldest son of the same county", and there was no news about them. One spring day a few years later, Lu You met Tang, who was traveling with his husband, in Shenyuan near Yuji Temple in the south of his hometown of Shanyin (now Shaoxing City). Mrs. Tang arranged wine and food to show her comfort to Lu You. When Lu You saw that someone was touching something, he felt deeply in his heart, so he recited this poem while drunk and wrote it on the wall of the garden. The whole poem describes the encounter between the poet and the Tang family, expressing their deep attachment and longing for each other. It also expresses the poet's resentment, sorrow and indescribable sadness.
The first part of the poem recalls the happy love life of the past and laments the pain of forced divorce, which has two meanings.
The first three sentences are the first layer of the film, recalling the beautiful scene of visiting Shen Garden with the Tang family in the past: "Red hands, yellow wine. The city is full of spring scenery and willows on the palace walls." Although it is a memory. , but because it is writing lyrics rather than writing essays or memoirs, it is impossible to write down the entire scene, so I only choose one scene to write, and for this scene, I only selected one or two of the most representative and characteristic scenes. Write the details of the love affair. "Red Crispy Hands" not only describes Tang's beautiful posture when she is diligently holding the lamp for the poet, but also summarizes the beauty of Tang's whole person (including her inner beauty). However, more importantly, it concretely and vividly expresses the tenderness and affection between this loving couple and the contentment and happiness of their married life. The third sentence outlines a broad and far-reaching background for this picture of a couple drinking in the Spring Garden, making it clear that they are enjoying the spring scenery. The ruddy color of Tang's arms, the yellow seal of the wine, and the green of the willow color give this picture a bright and harmonious sense of color.
The lines "East Wind Evil" are the second layer, describing the writer's painful mood after being forced to divorce Tang's family. The previous level describes the spring scenery and love, which is infinitely beautiful. But here it suddenly changes, and the angry emotional tide suddenly breaks through the gate of the poet's heart and vents uncontrollably. The three words "East Wind Evil" are a pun with rich implications. They are the key to the whole poem and the crux of the poet's love tragedy. Originally, the east wind can revitalize the earth and bring vitality to all things. However, when it blows and sweeps wildly, it will also destroy the spring appearance. The saying in the next piece, "Peach blossoms fall in the leisure pond pavilion", is exactly what it says. It is the serious consequences brought about by its wild blowing and sweeping, so it is called "evil". However, it is mainly a metaphor for the "evil" forces that caused the poet's love tragedy. As for whether Mother Lu is also included, the answer should not be denied. It is only because it is inconvenient to say it explicitly, but it cannot be left unsaid, so it has to be expressed in this implicit way. The following three sentences further express the poet's resentment against the "East Wind" and add the word "evil": "Happiness is thin. I am full of melancholy, and I have been away for a few years." A happy marriage was forced to be broken up, and the love was broken. The couple was forced to separate, causing them both to suffer tremendous emotional torture and pain. The years of separation brought them nothing but sorrow and resentment. Isn't this just like the brilliant spring flowers that have been destroyed by the ruthless east wind and withered and drifted away? Next, "wrong, wrong, wrong", three "wrong" words burst out in a row, and the emotions were extremely painful. But who is at fault? Is it a denial of the fact that I "didn't dare to go against His Majesty's will" and ended up "making love with my wife"? Is it a denial of the oppressive behavior of His Holiness? Is it a denial of the unreasonable marriage system? The poet did not say it clearly, and it is not convenient for him to say it clearly. This "olive weighing a thousand pounds" (a phrase from "A Dream of Red Mansions") is left to us readers to chew and taste. Although this level expresses one's heart directly, the passionate emotions are rushing down like a river, all at once; but they are not all gone. Among them, the words "East Wind is evil" and "Wrong, wrong, wrong" are very strange.
The second part of the poem, from lamenting the past back to reality, further expresses the great sadness of his wife being forced to divorce, which is also divided into two levels.
Change the first three sentences to the first level, describing Tang's behavior when Shen Yuan reunited.
"Spring is as old as before" comes from the sentence "The city is full of spring scenery" in the previous film, which is also the background of the encounter at this time. It's still the same spring day as before, but people are no longer what they used to be. In the past, Tang's skin was so rosy and full of youthful vitality; but now, after being ruthlessly ravaged by the "east wind", she has become haggard and thin. Although the sentence "people are thin in space" only describes the changes in the appearance of Down syndrome, it clearly shows the great pain that "several years of separation" has brought to her.
Like the poet, she is also tormented by "melancholy"; like the poet, she also has old feelings and longs for her! Otherwise, how could you lose weight? It is a very common technique in literary works to describe changes in appearance to express changes in the inner world, but thin means thinner, so why add the word "empty" in it? "You have a wife, and Luofu also has a husband." ("Ancient Poems. Moshang Sang") From the perspective of marriage, the two of them have long been unrelated. Now that things have come to this, isn't it in vain to torture yourself for lovesickness? With this word, the poet's sympathy, comfort, pain, etc. are all expressed. The sentence "tear marks" further expresses Tang's emotional state during this encounter by depicting her expressions and movements. When we meet again in the old garden and think about the past, can she not cry or burst into tears? However, the poet did not directly write that her face was full of tears. Instead, she used the technique of line drawing and wrote that her "tears were stained red and the crocodile gauze showed through", which seemed more tactful, calm, more vivid, and more touching. And the word "through" not only shows how much tears she shed, but also how sad she is. In the second layer of the film, the lyricist herself used a direct expression of her feelings; here, when writing about Tang syndrome, she changed her technique and only wrote about the changes in her appearance and body and her painful mood. Since everything written in this layer is composed of lyrics, It can be seen in the human eye, so it has the artistic effect of "two emotions at once". It can be seen that the poet is not only deep in emotion, but also deep in words.
The last few sentences of the poem are the second layer of the next part, which shows the painful feelings of the lyricist after encountering Tang syndrome. The two sentences "Peach Blossom Falling" echo the sentence "East Wind Evil" in the previous film, and highlight that although the description of the scene is a description of the scene, it also implies human affairs. Isn't it? Peach blossoms wither and gardens become deserted. These are just changes in things, but changes in people and things are even worse than changes in things. Isn’t it true that Tang’s, who is as beautiful as a peach blossom, has also been tortured and emaciated by the ruthless “east wind”? Isn't the poet's own state of mind as lonely and desolate as "Xianchi Pavilion"? It's clever and natural to have two ideas in one stroke. Next, it turns to direct emotion: "Although the alliance is there, it is difficult to trust the brocade book." Although these two sentences have only eight characters, they can express the poet's inner pain. Although I say that my love is as strong as a rock and my infatuation will never change, how can I express such a sincere heart? You obviously love, but you can't love; you know you can't love, but you can't cut off the thread of love. In an instant, there was love, hate, pain, and resentment, plus the pity and comfort generated by seeing Tang's haggard face and sad condition. It was really a mixture of emotions, thousands of arrows in the heart, a kind of Indescribable sorrow once again burst out of my chest and throat: "Mo, Mo, Mo!" The matter has reached this point, and there is no way to remedy it. There is no way to recover it. What do these thousands of emotions still want it to do and say it will do? ? So he cut the mess with a sharp knife: Forget it, forget it, forget it! It is clear that the words are not finished, the meaning is not finished, the feeling is not over yet, but it just leaves it like this, and the whole poem ends with an extremely painful sigh.
This poem always arranges its words around the specific space of Shen Garden. The first film goes from tracing the past to the present, and then transitions to "Evil East Wind"; after the film returns to reality, "Spring is as old" echoes the sentence "The city is full of spring scenery" in the previous film, and "Peach blossoms fall in the idle pond pavilion" echoes the sentence "The east wind is evil" in the previous film. Love affairs and scenes in the same space and different times are vividly painted. The ground is reflected. The whole poem mostly uses contrasting techniques. For example, in the above film, the more vividly the beautiful scenes of the couple living together in the past are written as if they are now, the more deeply and palpable the sad state of mind they felt after they were forced to divorce was made. It shows the ruthlessness and hatefulness of "Dongfeng", thus forming a strong emotional contrast.
Another example is that the upper part says "red hands" and the lower part says "the person is empty and thin". In the vivid and sharp contrast, they fully show the impact of "several years of separation" on Down syndrome. Huge mental torture and pain. The whole poem has a rapid rhythm and a sad tone, coupled with two exclamations of "wrong, wrong, wrong" and "mo, mo, mo", which is so heart-stirring that it expresses unbearable and unspeakable emotions.
All in all, this poem achieves the perfect unity of content and form. It is a unique and tear-jerking work.
〔Notes〕For thousands of years, many philosophers and scholars believed that Lu You and his first wife Tang were cousins. In fact, this is not the case. The earliest record of the poem "Chai Tou Feng" was Chen Hu's "Continued News of the Elders" in the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, there was Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk", but neither Chen nor Liu mentioned Lu or Liu in their records. Tang is a cousin. It was not until the Song and Yuan Dynasties that Zhou Micai said in his "Qidong Wild Words": "Lu Wuguan first married the Tang family, the daughter of Hong, and his mother was an aunt and nephew." From then on, the "Gu Biao theory" was regarded as a "constant statement" ". In fact, a comprehensive review of relevant historical documents and information shows that Lu You's maternal family is the Jiangling Tang family, and his great-grandfather was Tang Jie, a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty who served in Renzong, Yingzong, and Shenzong dynasties. The names are Mao, Yuan, Shu, Yi, Yu, and Jie. There is no Tang Hong named with the word "men". That is to say, there is no Tang Hong among Lu You's uncles (according to Lu You's "Weinan Collected Works"). "Postscript of Tang Jie", "Song History: Tang Jie Biography", Wang Gui's "Huayang Collection"
The epitaph of Tang Zhisu Gongjie "Kaoding"; and the mother's family of Lu You's original wife was Yin Tang. His father, Tang Hong, was the son of Tang Yi, a Honglu Shaoqing who had great political achievements during the Xuanhe period. Tang Hong's Kunzhongs were also named after the character "men", that is, "闶" and "元" (Yue). "Kuiji Zhi" and "Ruan Yuan" are recorded in two Zhejiang Jinshi records.
It can be seen from this that Lu You and his first wife, Mrs. Tang, have no cousin relationship at all. In this way, the careful "Gu Biao theory" has no basis. So is it completely fabricated by him? Not so. Although Liu Kezhuang did not mention that Lu and Tang were cousins ??in his "Houcun Shihua", he said something like this: "A certain surname changed to a certain official, which is Chinese and foreign to the Lu family." A certain surname refers to the Tang family; a certain official refers to the Tang surname. Refers to Zhao Shicheng, the "eldest son of Tongjun". Liu Kezhuang's two sentences mean: Tang remarried to Zhao Shicheng, and Zhao Shicheng had a marriage relationship with Lu. This is indeed the case. Lu You's aunt, Mrs. Tang of Yingguo, is the legitimate wife of Qian Chen, a descendant of King Qian Chu of Wuyue, and the daughter-in-law of the eldest princess of Qinlu, the tenth daughter of Renzong of Song Dynasty. Lu You's original wife, Mrs. Tang, is the step-husband of Zhao Shicheng. Xing, the grandnephew of the eldest princess of the Qinlu Kingdom, is also the cousin of Lu You's uncle Qian Chen, who happens to be of the same generation as Lu You. According to Lu You's "Weinan Collected Works". The postscript "Tieguan" was given by Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty to King Wusu and recorded in "Ji" in the history of the Song Dynasty. Clan lineage, clan biographies, and princess biographies are "Waiting for Examination and Determination" (. As a junior poet of Liu Kezhuang, Zhou Mi may have seen Liu Kezhuang's description or heard such rumors, but he misunderstood Liu Kezhuang's meaning, which resulted in It is impossible for this article to list all the research materials based on it, and only the results of research conducted by relevant scholars, experts and us in recent years are appended here for reference only.