children
Children's heads are relatively large, usually three to four heads high.
adult
The standing posture of the human body is seven heads high (standing seven), the sitting posture is five heads high (sitting five) and the squatting posture is three heads and a half (squatting three heads and a half). When your arms are drooping in standing position, your fingertips are located in your thighs.
the aged
Due to the contraction of bones, the proportion of the elderly is slightly smaller than that of adults. When drawing an old man, you should pay attention to the fact that your head should be slightly close to your shoulders and your legs should be slightly bent.
Basic characteristics of human gender
Male: Male shoulders are wider, clavicle is flat and firm, limbs are stout, and muscles are firm and full.
Female: Female has narrow shoulders, steep shoulders, thin neck, slightly smaller proportion of limbs, thin waist, hip breadth and full chest. (LSMH finishing)
★☆★☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
In order to express the beauty of the human body, cartoons often use some exaggerated drawing methods, that is, some deformation treatment is done in appropriate parts, and some exaggerated methods are often used to lengthen the figure of the character, but the deformation is based on the basic structure of the human body. Usually the heroine has seven heads and the hero has eight heads. It is very important to master the proportional relationship of characters properly for drawing cartoons.
woman
Girls are characterized by rounded and soft body curves, and attention should be paid to the carving of breasts and buttocks. Hands, arms and legs should be slender, wrists and thighs should be in the same position, and elbows should be close to the waist. When you draw a profile, you should pay attention to the relationship between joints, hips and thigh roots, and it will be natural to draw the position of the arm on the shoulder accurately. (LSMH finishing)
★ ☆ ★ ★ ☆ Human perspective ☆ ★★★★
Just ahead.
First of all, the human body can be regarded as a rectangle, that is to say, the perspective of the human body from different angles is also a perspective of different right angles. Then, the rectangle is divided into eight sections by perspective by subsection method. First, the diagonal of the rectangle is drawn, and then a parallel line is drawn at the intersection of the diagonal according to geometric division, and so on, to draw eight sections. Because the characters in comics are generally eight heads, each section of the rectangle is one head high, while the length of the chest, elbow to fingertip and knee to sole is two heads high.
neglect
When drawing from the angle directly above the front or back, we should consider the perspective relationship. That is to say, the head is the biggest, the toes are getting smaller and smaller, the head is big, the shoulders are big, and the hands are slightly longer than the feet.
Obliquely above
The angle diagonally above feels the deepest. The shoulders are raised, the shoulders are slightly tilted parallel to the feet, the face is down, the head is big, the neck is invisible, and the lower it goes, the smaller it is, giving people the feeling that the feet are short and the body is long. If you draw a shadow on the ground again, the effect will be more prominent, and you can obviously show the feeling that your legs are perpendicular to the ground.
Look up
Look up below and draw the feeling of neck on your shoulders. Face up, relatively small, legs are longer and thicker than the upper body, feet are the largest, and they get smaller as they go up, giving people the impression that feet are long and feet are short, and looking down is the opposite of looking up. When you draw a human body, you must be "intentional".
First of all, you should consider what the characters you want to draw are doing and what specific actions they have. Secondly, you should consider what kind of perspective to use to express the dynamics and personality of the characters, and gradually build a moving, intuitive and clear picture of the characters in your mind. (LSMH finishing)
★ ☆★ ★ ☆ Human body-proportion ★ ☆ ★ ☆.
Every time we talk about the proportion of the human body, we have to play with the "eight heads" set ... In fact, no matter how many cartoons we can draw, eight heads are the most popular. In fact, it's amazing that a real person has seven and a half heads ... people use cartoons from two to a dozen heads. Although the head count is small and cute, but the hands and feet are short to a certain extent, many movements can not be done. On the contrary, when there are dozens of people, they look handsome, but just make a gesture.
There is a common saying that girls have longer legs and higher waists. Actually, this statement is specious. Maybe girls do have long legs in proportion, but the feeling of high waist is mainly because the thinnest part of men's waist is slightly lower than the navel, while women are above the navel and below the ribs, which is the biggest difference between men and women. Others are men with wider shoulders and women with wider hips.
From the age point of view, the head size of children to adults has not changed much, so the proportion of children's heads is large (isn't this common sense? ) Usually, when practicing, we start with the proportion of real people, which is easier to observe and easy to change and adjust after proficiency. (LSMH finishing)
★☆★☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
In order to accurately introduce all the characters in the story to readers, we should master the painting methods of people of different ages and genders. In addition, in order to leave a deeper impression on readers, we should try our best to show the hero, beauty and kindness of the positive role to the extreme, and the cruelty and cunning of the negative role should also be exaggerated, so it is very important to avoid the moderation of the characters. A large part of the significance of rambling lies in its exaggeration, which should be followed when designing character modeling.
Portraits of people of different ages:
Baby: chubby, chubby, with a very big head, a wide forehead, no neck, equal length and shorter feet.
Child: The head is bigger, the lines of hands and feet are thinner and shorter.
Young women: delicate lines, slightly inclined shoulders, bent body, thin waist, chest, big hips and thin ankles.
Young male: Strong lines, broad shoulders, fan-shaped chest, narrower waist than shoulders, thick neck and big feet. Middle-aged women: pay more attention to curves than young women, with slightly smaller eyes and slightly fatter ankles.
Middle-aged women: pay more attention to curves than young women, with slightly smaller eyes and slightly fatter ankles.
Middle-aged men: slightly fatter than young men, with sparse hair.
Older women: hunchbacked, shoulders slightly inclined, knees slightly bent.
Old man: hunchbacked, feet apart, slightly bent, narrow shoulders. If you draw with crutches, you will look older.
Teaching Comics 03- Law of Human Movement
The head, chest and pelvis are the three largest parts of the human body. These three parts are fixed and will not move. In addition to limbs, the activities of the body mainly depend on the activities of the neck and waist. If these blocks are parallel and symmetrical to each other, the human body is at rest; On the contrary, when these building blocks bend, stretch, rotate and twist forward, backward, left and right, their changes produce human movement.
No matter where these three pieces are located, no matter how intense or concentrated their movements are on one side, there is always a relatively soft line on the other inactive side to keep the balance of the body. The whole human body has a subtle and vivid sense of coordination, so all human movements will reflect the law of balance of gravity.
Draw a graphic movement trend line based on the side of the support to show the general trend of the body, and then draw the movement line of the limbs. To understand the inclination and perspective changes of the head, chest and pelvis, we must grasp the essentials in complex movements.
The relationship between shoulder and pelvis can be simplified as two horizontal lines, and the most active spine can be simplified as a vertical line, which is called "one vertical and two horizontal three bodies" for short. The basic laws of human movement, such as walking, running, jumping, standing and sitting, can be grasped through its changing laws.
Comic action
Chances are, if you didn't jump up and throw the ball last time you played baseball, no one would buy a ticket to watch you play. The same is true of cartoon characters, whose audience is people who expect to be amused. One of the joys of animation is that animation artists can always creatively describe all kinds of ordinary actions. As a cartoonist, you should discuss every ordinary action as a problem and express it in a funny way, but at the same time, you should also match the characters and stories.
It says 02, wrong number.
Teaching Comics 03- Basic Structure of Head
Divide the head into two big pieces. The upper part of the head is generally elliptical, and the lower part of the head is generally trapezoidal; The structure of the detail is located in the center of the head ellipse; The eyebrow arch is drawn into a rectangle, and the cheekbones are also regarded as cuboids, which are located in the upper half of the trapezoid of the head; The insertion structure is more inward than the rectangle of eyebrow arch, under the cheekbone; The mouth is summarized as a cylinder and inserted in the lower part of the cheekbone rectangle; The bottom is the lower palate, which is regarded as a rectangle and interspersed with the trapezoid; The nose ends at the upper part of the cylinder and ends at the rectangular root of the Yumei bow, which is also a cuboid; The eyes are also located at the root of the eyebrow arch rectangle; The bottle mouth is in the upper part of the cylinder, slightly upward. By understanding the basic structure of the head, we can draw the basic shape of the head, which will make its body structure more accurate, and then we can draw different heads through minor changes on this basis.
Location:
Because the human head is a sphere, that is, three-dimensional. It is very simple to represent it with crosses and circles. On the basis of the circle, draw the face reticle, and draw the eyes, nose and mouth according to the position of the reticle.
Front image:
The eyes should be symmetrical, the mouth should be drawn on the middle cross, and the nose should feel bulged, so it can be drawn asymmetrically, and the ears should be symmetrical on both sides, between the eyebrow arch and the bottom line of the nose.
Three-quarters of the sides:
The lines are unchanged, the vertical line should be curved, and the position of the ear is between the eyebrow arch and the bottom line of the nose.
Front:
The nose is prominent, and the position of the ear is half of the head of the character.
Face up:
With the nose as the center, the eyes and ears will feel like a sphere, the distance from the eyebrow arch to the nose will be shorter, and the distance from the bottom of the nose to the jaw will be longer.
Look obliquely up:
The biggest feature is that the eyes and nose are very close and the ears are slightly lower.
Front view:
The top of the head is bigger, the jaw is smaller, the nose is down, and the eyebrows of the eyes are slightly raised to the outside.
Inclined top view:
Ear position rises, chin inclines downward.
Teaching Comics 04- Facial Features Structure
Facial structure
China has a set of physiognomy theory to judge people's shapes, saying that people's faces can be divided into eight types according to Chinese characters: country, use, wind, eyes, field, reason, use and armour. It was called "starling" in Yuan Dynasty and "eight characters" in Qing Dynasty.
See what kind of face you have:
"Eye" face, long and narrow head; "Guo"-shaped face, slightly rectangular;
"Yong" shaped face, square forehead, wide chin;
A-type face, the forehead and cheekbones are close in width, the cheek muscles are obviously adducted, and the chin is narrow and pointed;
"Tian" shaped face, square face; "Shen"-shaped face, wide cheekbones, narrow forehead and pointed chin;
"Egg" face, wide forehead, sharp chin, full face muscles, its outline is like an egg;
You have a face, narrow forehead, wide cheeks and wide chin.
This is the basic theory of physiognomy.
Generally speaking, the people with wide foreheads, thick lips, wide cheeks and simple and honest are mostly Qin soldiers from Guanzhong; (Imagine Zhang Yimou)
Round face, pointed chin, wit, mostly Bashu people; (Comrade Xiaoping)
High cheekbones, broad helix, small eyes, strong and fierce, are Kanto people. (Ge You, Cui Yongyuan and others)
Nose: In painting, the basic shape of the nose can be imagined as a wedge.
Eyes: The eyes are spherical and embedded in the eye sockets. Always remember that your eyes are spherical when you draw.
Be careful when you draw your eyes, leave the highlights of your eyes in advance, and leave some white above your pupils, which will make your eyes feel transparent.
When drawing eyelids, try to draw them as thin as possible.
When drawing eyelashes, don't draw them too thick, but use a neat pen.
When drawing a side eye, the method is basically the same as the front, except that more eyelids need to be drawn to cover the eyes, and the eyelashes of the side eye are the longest.
When drawing eyes, you should also pay attention to the up and down position of eyes and the relationship between eyes and nose.
Mouth: Lips are composed of muscles with different shapes. Although we can see the model's teeth when she opens her mouth, we don't draw them all at once, but brush them off.
Ears: In painting, ears are just a few strokes, but we need to know how to draw all the details of ears.
Nose and mouth.
The shapes of nose and mouth in the animation are very cute. You don't need to practice different styles to learn step by step. The following example will benefit you a lot.
What is shown here is the nose and mouth in the basic animation style. It consists of three basic simple shapes: a wedge-shaped nose, a slender line serving as the mouth, and a shorter line defining the lower lip. (But this shorter lower lip line doesn't have to be drawn. ) In the front view as shown in the figure, you can first draw some lines to determine the position of the nose and mouth. The size and shape of the nose and mouth can be adjusted according to different people, but they must be in a straight line. To help locate, you can draw a vertical auxiliary line as shown in the figure. The second picture above is a side face, but the mouth and nose are still arranged in a curve, which shows that it is in the center of the face.
It is more difficult to draw the nose and mouth on the side than to draw the front or 3/4 side (in fact, it is more difficult to draw the front realistically). The main reason is that the lips are not very sure, so they can't be fixed in a simple straight line like above, and they must be drawn honestly by themselves. Our predecessors taught us to overcome all difficulties and strive for victory! If the painting is good, the effect will be quite good. The first consideration is the curve formed by nose, lips and chin. The upper lip should be bent inward, while the lower lip (slightly backward on the side) should be bent outward. This can only be achieved through more practice, otherwise-the character's face may be painted strangely or have a flat mouth.
The lower part of the face consists of some contrasting curves. Pay attention to the drawing of these two pictures. The curve of the nose is facing the face, and then it bends back slightly to the right above the upper lip. The upper lip bends inward and the lower lip bends outward. The chin is not a simple straight line, but a smooth outward curve. (LSMH finishing)
Drawing of facial expressions:
The change of facial expression is the key to depicting characters. Through the facial expressions of characters, readers can understand the inner feelings of characters, and rich expressions are full of great charm, which can make the picture more vivid. The following introduces the characteristics and drawing methods of several typical expressions.
(1) Smiles: There are many kinds of smiles, including smiles, shy smiles, serious smiles, wry smiles and happy smiles. Generally, the corners of the mouth are upturned (or widened), and the eyes are thinner and curved. When drawing a naughty smile, you can stagger the eyebrows of the characters up and down by a certain distance, change your eyes or draw your tongue.
(2) Crying: It often happens when feelings break out, such as aggrieved crying and tears of joy. Generally, the eyebrows and corners of the eyes are inclined downward, the mouth is wide open or the corners of the mouth are downward, and tears hang on the face or erupt.
(3) Anger: generally, the eyebrows are raised, the corners of the mouth are pulled, and the brows are locked.
(4) Sorrow: Sorrow is the greatest distress, and the lines on the face can be tilted downward, which becomes sorrow.
(5) Surprise: Generally, it is characterized by a big mouth, wide eyes and flying eyebrows.
The best way to draw facial expressions on the screen is to imitate other people's cartoons first, and to observe more and pour emotions into the painting, so as to draw all kinds of facial expressions well. Fourth, hand-drawing method: As the saying goes, "it is difficult to draw a hand when drawing a person", which shows that it is even more difficult to draw a hand. Therefore, we must first understand the structure of the hand. The structure of hand can be divided into two parts: palm and wrist. The palm of your hand should be considered as an irregular pentagon. When painting, you should regard the two parts as a whole. Draw the sideline of the hand, and then determine the position of the thumb. Make sure that the length of each finger is different, and the joint of the finger should be properly bent. It is more important to draw the outline of the two joints of the finger, especially the thumb and little finger, in the close-up picture.
Hand-painted:
As the saying goes, "it is difficult to draw a hand", which shows that it is even more difficult to draw a hand. Therefore, we must first understand the structure of the hand. The structure of hand can be divided into two parts: palm and wrist. The palm of your hand should be considered as an irregular pentagon. When painting, you should regard the two parts as a whole. Draw the sideline of the hand, and then determine the position of the thumb. Make sure that the length of each finger is different, and the joint of the finger should be properly bent. It is more important to draw the outline of the two joints of the finger, especially the thumb and little finger, in the close-up picture.
Hard lines should be drawn on the back of hand to show the hardness of bones, and soft lines should be drawn on the palm to show the softness of texture. Fingers are flexible, so don't observe five fingers separately. With the movement and angle of hands, their shapes are different.
Female fingers are slender, joints are not prominent, and nails are long. In order to show the delicate and soft feeling of women's hands, the lines should be smooth and sexual.
Men have wide palms, thick fingers and obvious joints, which are mostly expressed by hard lines. (LSMH finishing)
Painting of feet:
The law of foot movement is expressed by the angle between foot and calf, so we should pay attention to the relationship between foot, ankle and calf.
When painting, we should pay attention to the changes of shoes with the movement angle of feet, think of the state of feet when painting, and show the texture of shoes with different styles with different pens.