(March 24, 113—January 27, 1142)
China was a patriotic strategist in the Southern Song Dynasty and a hero of the Han nationality. The word Peng Ju. Hebei (Song refers to the north of the Yellow River, not the provincial boundary of Henan and Hebei, the same below) is a filial piety in Yonghe Township, Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now tangyin county, Anyang City, Henan Province). In the first year of Jingkang (1126), he joined the army to resist gold, and he was bravely promoted to Bingyilang because of his fighting. In the third year of Jianyan (1129), Jin Jiang Yan Zongbi crossed the river to the south, and Yue Fei was then under the control of the right army of Jianghuai Xuanfu Mission Department. He led his troops to Guangde (now Anhui) and Yixing (now Jiangsu) areas, harassing Jin Jun, winning many times, recovering Jiankang and being promoted to Tongtai Town. In the third year of Shaoxing (1133), the Liu Yu regime supported by Jin sent troops to capture Xiangyang (now Hubei) and other counties. In April of the following year, Yue Fei marched from Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to the north, defeated Liu Yujun and recovered six counties. He was awarded our time to Qingyuan Army for his work. In the summer of five years, he was ordered by Song Ting to suppress the Yangmao peasant uprising army in Dongting Lake area. In six years, Ren Hu was the deputy envoy of Xuanfu in Beijing West Road. dispatch troops surprised Liu Yujun, lured him to attack in Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan Province) with some troops, and attacked Yiyang (now Songxian, Henan Province) from Xiangyang, recovering large areas of lost land in western Henan and southern Shaanxi. In seven years, Yue Fei took advantage of the opportunity of the rulers to abolish Liu Yuzhi and put forward dispatch troops's claim to recover the Central Plains. Later, he repeatedly wrote to oppose peace with Jin, which was rejected by the Emperor and Prime Minister Qin Gui. In ten years, Wan Yan Zongbi broke the contract and went south. According to its general plan of connecting Heshuo to March into the Central Plains, Yue Fei sent his generals to contact the northern rebel army, harassed the rear of the 8 Jin Army, and led his main force northward, greatly defeating the 8 Jin Army in the battle between Yancheng and Yingchang. Just as Yue Fei was about to cross the river, Emperor Gaozong and Qin Gui begged for peace with Jin and ordered Song Jun to return to Li, which caused Yue Fei's plan to restore the Central Plains to fail. The following year, he returned to Lin 'an, was relieved of the military power, and was granted a Council agreement instead. On December 29th, he was killed by Emperor Gaozong and Qin Gui on charges of "unwarranted". His son Yue Yunhe and the Ministry Zhang Xian were also killed. Song Xiaozong rehabilitated Yue Fei after he ascended the throne. In the fifth year of Chunxi (1178), he died in Wu Mu. In the fourth year of Jiatai in Song Ningzong (124), the king of Hubei was chased. In the first year of Baoqing in Song Lizong (1225), he became loyal to the military.
In his early years
Yue Fei lost his father when he was a teenager and was raised by his mother. Legend has it that his mother tattooed the words "loyal to the country" on his back, which made him remember the hatred of the country and the family. I used to learn martial arts from Zhou Dong. And I like to watch Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals and Sun Tzu's Art of War.
In the winter of 1122, Liu Ge was really told to recruit "brave warriors", and Yue Fei, 19, joined the army and became his subordinate. But he soon returned to his hometown of tangyin county because his father Yue He died [3].
In the winter of p>1124, he joined the army again, and was assigned to Pingding Army of Hedong Road (now Pingding County, Shanxi Province)
The change of Jingkang
In the winter of p>1126, Yue Fei joined the army for the third time in Xiangzhou City, and returned to Liu Hao Army [3]. Complement "from the nine products to the letter lang".
On the first day of December of the first year of Jingkang (julian calendar, January 15th, 1127), Zhao Gou, King of Song Kang, received a wax book from Song Qinzong and opened the Grand Marshal's Mansion in Xiangzhou. Zhao Gou is the marshal of Hebei military forces, Chen Hengbo is the marshal, and Wang Boyan and Zong Ze are the deputy marshals. King Kang appointed Chen Hengbo, a famous doctor in Wu, as the commander-in-chief of Yuan Shuaifu, and his subordinates were divided into five armies: the front, the back, the middle, the left and the right, among which the former military commander-in-chief was Liu Hao. Yue Fei belongs to the former army of Liu Hao.
According to the order of Wax Book, the task of Wang Yuan Shuai Fu Kang is to rescue Song Qinzong trapped in Kaifeng urgently. Yue Fei, a member of the former army, was ordered to lead 3 cavalry troops south to Li Gu, Wei County, Daming Prefecture for reconnaissance. He defeated a team of 8 Jin Army and killed an enemy general in the Imperial Forest, and was promoted to "being a loyal soldier with nine accomplishments" because of his merits. However, because Yue Fei's great-grandfather was named Yue Cheng, it was changed to "send a reason to protect Yi Lang" in order to avoid taboo. Bao Yilang, who is the ninth grade, is one official lower than Cheng Zhonglang, but with the title of "Li Li", he is in the same rank as Cheng Zhonglang.
Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, first sent Liu Hao to Xunzhou and Slippery State to relieve the siege of Kaifeng. Before all the former troops in Liu Hao went south with 2,5 men, Yue Fei was ordered to lead one hundred knights to the sliding state for reconnaissance, and went deep into the border of the southern sliding state near Kaifengfu. When Song Jun returned to China, there was an encounter with the nomads from the Yellow River. Yue Fei chopped and killed a gold general, and the gold army was killed back, so he was promoted to "from eight products to grasp Yilang".
In the late December of the first year of Jingkang (late January 1127), Zong Ze undertook the heavy responsibility of rescuing Kaifeng, while Marshal Zhao Gou only gave him 1, troops, which were divided into five armies: the front, the back, the middle, the left and the right. Chen Hengbo is in charge of the capital and leads the Zhongjun. Yue Fei was in the former army, which was his first time to become the Ministry of Zong Ze [6]. Zong Ze led his troops into Kaide Mansion, and fought thirteen battles with 8 Jin J in succession, each of which was successful [7]. In a battle in the first month, Yue Fei shot and killed two flag bearers of 8 Jin Army, and captured a batch of ordnance after leading cavalry to assault the enemy. Therefore, it was promoted to "Zhengbapin Xiuwulang".
On February 3rd, the fifth year of Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty (julian calendar, March 2th, 1127), Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty deposed Song Huizong and Song Qinzong as Shu Ren, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.
In February of the fifth year of Tianhui (the end of March, 1127), after Yue Fei's former army in Zong Ze was stationed in Berlin Town, Dingtao County, Guangji Army, the Marshal's Office ordered him to transfer to Huang Qianshan and cancelled Zong Ze's command of this army. At that time, the Marshal House had 8, troops. Only 26, people were under the command of Zong Ze, while 36, people were under the command of Huang Qianshan [9].
On Ding Youri (April 2th, 1127, julian calendar) in the fifth year of Tianhui, Emperor Taizong of Jin made Zhang Bangchang the puppet "Great Chu". However, the puppet regime could not be maintained, so Zhang Bangchang had to send someone to send the imperial seal to Jeju to welcome King Zhao Gou of Kang as emperor.
On April 2nd, 1127, julian calendar, Zhao Gou, King of Song Kang, left Jeju for Yingtianfu, Nanjing. Before the departure, the five armies belonging to Marshal House were regrouped, in which Zhang Jun was in charge of Zhongjun and Liu Hao was in charge of Zhongjun [1]. Yue Fei, as a military commander of Zhongjun, accompanied the brigade to escort Kang Wang, who was about to ascend to the throne, to Yingtianfu.
On the first day of May in the first year of Jianyan (June 12, 1127 in julian calendar), Zhao Gou, King of Song Kang, was located in Yingtianfu, Nanjing, and founded the Southern Song Dynasty.
Since Yue Fei joined Huang Qianshan's army, he wrote to Zhao Gou to fight because there was no war for several months. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan saw Yue Fei's petition, stating that "I overstepped my post, which was not appropriate to say" [11], and severely punished Yue Fei, removed his official position and removed his army.
In August of the first year of Jianyan (September 1127), Yue Fei went north and enlisted Zhang Suo's army in Hebei Province to fill the position of "Zhengbapin Xiuwulang" as the commander of the Chinese army. Zhang appreciated Yue Fei very much, and soon promoted Yue Fei to "from the seven products of Wu Jinglang" and took charge. In the middle of September (October 1127) of the first year of Jianyan, Zhang ordered Wang Yan to take control of the capital, and led Yue Fei, zhang yi and Bai Anmin to recover Weizhou and other places. Immediately, Zhang Suo was banished from Lingnan for impeaching Huang Qianshan in the past, and the Zhaofu Department of Hebei West Road was revoked, and Wang Yan's army became alone.
Wang Yan was stationed in Shimen Mountain in Xinxiang County, Weizhou (now Xinxiang City, Henan Province), and was surrounded by the assembled Jin Army, so he went out cautiously. Yue Fei, who was 24 years old at that time, was a little youthful and accused Wang Yan of being timid: "The second emperor is covered with dust, and the thief is based on the river. The courtiers should clear the way to welcome the ride. Today, instead of fighting quickly, we will wait and see. Do you really want to be a thief? " Led his men to fight without authorization and captured Xinxiang County. However, it was immediately attacked by the assembled 8 Jin Army, and Wang Yan's department was scattered. Wang Yan packed up the remains and retreated to guard the Xishan Mountain in the city and county of * * * (now Huixian County, Henan Province). In order to express his determination, Wang Yan and his subordinates tattooed the words "Serve the country with pure heart and swear to kill the gold thief" on their faces, which means the "eight-character army". Later, it developed to tens of thousands of people and recovered hundreds of miles. The Jin army repeatedly carried out encirclement and suppression without success [12]. Yue Fei led the remnants to fight in Taihang Mountain area for a period of time. After hearing the news of the growth of the Eight-character Army, he knocked at the cottage where Wang Yan lived before, hoping to return to Wang Yanjun. However, Wang Yan said to Yue Fei, "Your sin should be punished. However, you have been in my country for a long time, but you are able to restrain yourself and return home with courage. The country is difficult and dangerous, and talents are rare. How can it be evil to retaliate against the enemy? I leave you now. " Yue Fei was neither pursued nor accepted.
Zong Ze's subordinate
After Li Gang, the leader of the main war faction in the Song Dynasty, Zong Ze, who stayed behind in Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo, actually became the leader of the main war faction. Zong Ze has established extensive contacts with the folk spontaneous anti-gold armed forces in the north, incorporated an army of so-called millions of people, and accumulated enough food and grass for half a year [13]. Zong Ze appointed Wang Yan as "the military to control the two rivers". Yue Fei and Wang Yan had trouble, so they decided to go south to Kaifeng, Tokyo, to go to Zong Ze. The officials of the Department of Stay-at-Home Affairs in Tokyo investigated the process of Yue Fei's breaking away from Wang Yan's restraint, and suggested that Zong Ze engage in military law against Yue Fei according to regulations. Zong Ze, considering the chaos in northern Song Jun after Hebei recruited Zhang Suo to be demoted, and the meritorious military service made by Yue Fei all the way after he left Wang Yan, decided to keep Yue Fei in the army and demoted him to "be a righteous man from eight products" as a warning [15].
in December of the first year of Jianyan (January 1128), Jin Jun invaded Sishuiguan in Mengzhou again [16]. Zong Ze sent Yue Fei as the ambassador of stepping on white [17] and warned him, "If your sin is to die, I will not ask, but do meritorious service for me today. Look at the enemy's situation and you won't have to fight lightly. " Let him lead 5 cavalry to reconnaissance. Yue Fei defeated Jin Jun in Sishuiguan area, and after returning to Kaifengfu in Tokyo, he was promoted to be the leader by Zong Ze, and soon he was promoted to control [18].
During the period from the winter of the first year of Jianyan to the spring of the second year (from the end of 1128 to the beginning of 1128), Jin Guo divided his troops and sent out three armies. At this time, Wan Yan Zongwang, the commander of the former East Road Army, had died of illness. The East Road was led by Wan Yan Zongfu, the "three princes", and Wan Yan Chang, the marshal of the left prison army. Wan Yan Zongbi, the "four princes", led his troops to the east of Kaifeng. West Road, led by Wan Yan Loushi and Wan Yan Gao (Salie Drink), attacked Shaanxi; In the middle route, Wan Yan Zonghan, the left deputy marshal, and Wan Yan Xiyin, the marshal's right supervisor, took the south government of Xijing as the main force, and occupied Zhengzhou. In the west of Kaifeng, they confronted the left-behind army in Tokyo led by Zongze. Wan Yan Zonghan also ordered the Ministry of Wanyan Yinshu to divide troops with Wan Yan, Sai Li, Samoulu, Yelv Mawu and Shagu to continue south, in an attempt to outflank from the south [19]. In Kaifeng and nearby counties, Song and Jin fought fiercely. Although Zong Ze's Tokyo Left-behind Division was attacked on all sides, Zong Ze took the left-behind division and calmly mobilized troops to deploy the battle, which made 8 Jin J unable to capture Kaifeng. In the first month, Kaifeng citizens even decorated their lanterns and decorated them as before [2]. Since the first month of the first month, Yue Fei has participated in the war in the northern gateway of Kaifeng, and successively won in Qiancheng County (now northeast of Yanjin County, Henan Province) and Heilongtan [21] in the west of Jixian County, Weizhou.
After April (May 1128) of the second year of Jianyan, the weather began to be hot, and the Jin Army retreated, and Zong Ze prepared for the northern expedition [1]. Wang Yan's eight-character army was ordered by Zong Ze to move to Slippery State. Ma Kuo, the leader of Wumashan, also came to stay in Tokyo with a letter from Zhao Zhen, the letter king. Zong Ze, Wang Yan, Ma Kuo and others made plans for the Northern Expedition [22]:
Wang Yanjun crossed the Yellow River from Slip State and directly took Huaizhou, Weizhou, Xunzhou and Xiangzhou.
Ma expanded his army and attacked Mingzhou, Qingyuan and Zhending from Daming House;
yangjin, Li Gui, Wang Shan, Ding Jin and other troops went forward separately, and the folk anti-gold armed forces in Hebei, Hedong Shanshuizhai, Yan and Yun areas also agreed on a date to start an uprising.
Unfortunately, Zong Ze died in early July of the second year of Jianyan (August 1128), and his deputy, Du Chong, took over from Tokyo.
according to Zong Ze's deployment before his death [23], Yue Fei led Bi Jin and other departments, and accompanied Zong Ze's assistant to take charge of the official affairs of the bodyguard and military department. On July 15th, the second year of Jianyan, Yue Fei entered the Henan mansion of Xijing, responsible for protecting the imperial tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty there [24]. In August (September 1128), Yue Fei was ordered to go to Sishuiguan again to defend the enemy. Yue Fei defeated the invading Jin Jun again, and turned from "seven-product martial arts lang" to the highest rank of the deputy envoys of various departments. At the end of the second year of Jianyan, Yue Fei left and returned to Kaifeng at the order of the company in Tokyo.
Du Chong's subordinate
After Yue Fei returned to Kaifeng, Du Chong immediately ordered Yue Fei to destroy Zhang Yong and other departments. Zhang Yong is a fellow villager of Yue Fei's Tangyin. He used to be a "archer" of Tangyin (similar to today's patrol), and he was sworn brothers with Cao Cheng, Li Hong and Ma Youshao. There were tens of thousands of troops, and Wang Shan's department also protected him from the side. Yue Fei politely declined on the grounds of "outnumbered soldiers", but Du Chong threatened to ask for military punishment and ordered Yue Fei to send troops [27]. Yue Fei was unable to disobey Wang Yan's previous criminal record without authorization. He could only repel Zhang Yong and Wang Shan's department with less than 1, people, solve the siege of Du Chong, and promote himself as a "doctor of martial arts". Then, Yue Fei was ordered to rescue the bandits Du Shuwu and Sun Hai in Dongming County (now north of lankao county, Henan Province), captured two bandits alive, promoted to "doctor of military strategy", and borrowed the secretariat of Yingzhou. After Wang Shan and Zhang Yong withdrew their troops, they turned to attack Huaining House (treating Wanqiu, now Huaiyang County, Henan Province) for a long time, so they led their troops away. Yue Fei went to rescue Huaining House again, fought with Wang Shanjun in Qinghe, captured Sun Sheng, Sun Qing, etc. Because of Shuang Sheng's "turning to Doctor Wude", he was really awarded the secretariat of Yingzhou.
As soon as Yue Fei returned to Kaifeng in the third year of Jianyan (1129), he received an order from Du Chong to evacuate to Jiankang House. Yue Fei persuades: "You can't abandon the size of the original place. This place is not mine. If you want to take it again, you must have hundreds of thousands of people." But it's useless, and because we can't disobey our superiors without Wang Yan's lesson, we can only go south with Du Chong.
Song Ting, however, thinks that Du Chong "forgot his home for his country and gained great courage; Expect the enemy at an opportune moment, and you have the wind of an ancient famous soldier. It is better than defending two Beijing cities, and it has been prepared for many battles. The summer of Yi is famous and arrogant, and the soldiers and people are dead and single-minded. "Du Chong was appointed to know the Privy Council and the official was in power. Du Chong refused, and Song Gaozong made an exception to appoint Du Chong as the right-hand man, and his official position was only below that of the left-hand man. Du Chong took office and served as the ambassador of Jiang and Huai Xuanfu to guard health [29].
the state of Jin was led by marshal Zuo Jianjun, Wan Yanchang, and directly attacked Jiangnan. Yan Hong Zongbi's soldiers were divided into two roads. The west road was led by Yan Hong Ba Li Su, Yan Hong Qian Ying and Yelv Ma Wu. In October, Huangzhou crossed the river to Tuhongzhou, plundering Hubei and Jiangxi in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River [3]. East Road, led by Wan Yan Zongbi himself, went straight to Lin 'an where Zhao Gou was located. In November, Du Chong's water army attacked Li Cheng, a separatist party, and Jin Jun supported Li Cheng to capture a large number of ships in Song Jun [31]. After failing to attack Caishidu and Cihu in Taiping Prefecture (now dangtu county, Anhui Province), Wan Yan Zongbi turned to Majiadu [32] in the southwest of Jiankang to cross the Yangtze River and enter the south of the Yangtze River.
Du Chong himself lived in seclusion and was not prepared to go out. Yue Fei sobbed and remonstrated: "The enemy is near Huainan, and the Yangtze River is quite impressive. There is no better situation than this, and "xianggong" is feasting all day, saving the military affairs. One thousand enemy spy on our laziness, and dispatch troops takes advantage of it, so "xianggong" will not bow to it, but will he be able to protect the lives of the generals? Since the generals did not have to die, Jinling (Jiankangfu) fell, and "xianggong" could rest on it? Although flying alone, it will not help the country! " But it didn't help. After hearing the news of 8 jin j crossing the river, Du Chong only sent all the generals, such as Chen Cui, Yue Fei and Qi Fang, to Majiadu with 2, troops, and sent the king? Thirteen thousand people coordinated. On November 2th (January 1st, julian calendar, 113), Chen Cui led the army to fight happeneth, and Yue Fei led the right army against Wang Bolong, the commander of the Jin Guohan army, but Wang? When Chen Cui died in battle, all the generals were defeated. Only Yue Fei fought hard and retired the whole army to Zhongshan in the northeast of Jiankang. [33]
After receiving the defeat report from Majiadu, Du Chong himself fled to Zhenzhou, Jiangbei, with a Qinbing force of 3, on November 23rd (January 4th, 113, julian calendar).