Pinyin name Lǐ Yu
English name Northern snakehead
Alias snapper, snapper, ray, ray, snakehead, snakehead, mandarin fish, herring, snakehead, mullet, snakehead, Hei Bang, live fish.
source
Source of medicinal materials: meat of snakehead, an animal of Siniperca chuatsi family.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: snakehead
Harvest and storage: fishing can be done all year round. After capture, the internal organs are removed, washed, fresh or dried.
The primitive form of snakehead is rod-shaped. The body length is 3.2-3.7 times of the head length; 4.5-4.8 times the height. The head is slightly flat and there are many small sensory holes in the back. Kiss the rectangle. The mouth is cracked. Jaw, vomer and jawbone all have fine teeth, and sometimes big teeth are mixed. Branchial fissure is large, gill rake 10- 13. Dorsal fin 47-52, gluteal fin 3 1-33, lateral line scale 60-6 1. The caudal fin is round. The upper part of the body is grayish black, and the lower part is grayish yellow or grayish white. There are black stripes arranged in figure 8 on the side. There are two vertical black stripes on the head side.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: snakehead is a fierce carnivorous fish. Inhabited in the water area with lush aquatic plants and wet bottom, it has strong adaptability to water quality. The growth rate is fast, and the length of fish can reach 25cm in one winter.
Distribution of resources: China is distributed all over the country except the western plateau.
cultivate
Living habits: Black snakehead is a benthic fish, and likes to live in water with overgrown grass, turbid water quality and slow water flow. There are auxiliary respiratory organs, which are resistant to hypoxia. When the water lacks oxygen, its head can be exposed to the water, and the gas can be exchanged directly through the branchial organ in the branchial cavity. Compared with other fish, they can survive in an anhydrous environment of 0-40℃ for a longer time, and can lurk in mud turtles for the winter. Snakehead has strong jumping ability and often jumps out of the water surface of the pond and enters the adjacent pond. It can also be moved to other ponds like a snake. Snakehead is a predatory way. Young fish with body length less than 3cm use rotifers, cladocera and poda as erbium materials; 4-8cm small black fish feed on aquatic insects, shrimp and small fish; Fish is the staple food above 8cm, and even fish longer than it can be swallowed. Under the condition of water temperature above 20℃ and sufficient food, snakehead grows rapidly, and its maximum weight can reach about 5 kg.
Culture technology, artificial culture technology of snakehead and domestic fish are basically the same, which can be used for reference. The spawning pond of snakehead can be large or small, and the small mud pond, wooden basin and water tank of 1m2 can be used. Hormones can be used to induce labor, and it is best to put some aquatic plants in the pond. Because of the nesting habit of aquatic plants, it is best to clean, disinfect, fertilize and cultivate plankton before the fry move into the pond. 750,000 seedlings per 1hm2-10.5 million plants. When the fish grows to 10- 13cm, it can be raised according to the standard of adult fish.
Feeding management: in the pond where snakehead is raised alone, 5- 10 fish of 3-5cm can be raised per 1m2; When the body length is 10- 13cm, 3-5 fish can be raised per 1m2; When the body length is more than 20-30cm, it should be stocked every 1m2 1 tail. Artificial baits include fish meal, rice bran, corn flour and peanut bran. It is also necessary to cooperate with animal bait such as animal viscera, tadpoles and wild miscellaneous fish, and the daily dosage is about 5% of the weight of mullet. In addition to monoculture, mixed cropping and intercropping can also be used to reduce costs and increase benefits.
Water quality management is very important. Fresh water should be injected every day to keep enough dissolved oxygen in the water, which is beneficial to the growth of snakehead. Generally, in the first three months of culture, 1 screening and grading are carried out every month. Fish of roughly the same size are kept in the same pond, and the density is decreasing. Finally, 3-4 fish are stocked every 1㎡.
chemical composition
Every 100g food contains 78g of water, 19.8g of protein, 1.4g of fat, 1.2g of ash, 57mg of calcium, 163mg of phosphorus, 0.25mg of iron, 0.03mg of thiamine and riboflavin).
Channa argus contains docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.
Sweet in nature; Sexual apathy
Meridian meridian and spleen meridian; Stomach; Lung; Kidney meridian
Indications: invigorating spleen and regulating stomach; Diuretic and detumescence. Indications: body edema; Pregnancy edema; Warm arthralgia; Beriberi; Less postpartum milk; Habitual abortion; Tuberculosis and physical weakness; Stomach distension; Hemorrhage from intestinal wind hemorrhoids; scabies
Administration and dosage: 250-500 g for cooking or barbecue cooked food; At the end of the study, each time 10- 15g. External use: appropriate amount, tamping.
Note 1. Shaoxing Materia Medica: People with sores are inedible and white. 2. Baoqing's Compromise of Materia Medica: The star in the head is disgusting, the knower is inedible, and it is also sick.
Attachment 1 cure fullness: boiled mullet red bean. (Tao Hongjing) Discussed ten kinds of water vapor diseases: one snakehead, weighing more than one catty, cooked to get juice, and eaten in soup with white gourd and scallion. (Medical Heart Mirror) 3 Treatment of body and face edema, astringent small intestine, difficulty in defecation, and shortness of breath: 2 kg of mullet, (washing the scaly intestine to make it clean), Poria cocos 1 2, Alisma orientalis 1 2, lacquer paint 1 2, almond 1 2 (. ("Sheng Huifang" mullet soup) 4 Treatment of edema and abdominal distension: live mullet removes abdominal viscera, people are full of garlic, wet yellow mud is coated, and charcoal fire is roasted, which works repeatedly. ("Benyuan") 5 Treating intestinal hemorrhoids, there is often blood in the stool: squid, ginger, food. Avoid cold poison, ("Outside Taiwan") 6 Treat all wind sores, stubborn epilepsy, and those who don't heal for a long time: a black matchhead fish, with intestines removed, Xanthium sibiricum leaves filled inside, Xanthium sibiricum placed outside at the bottom of the pot, fish placed on it, less water, slow simmering, bone peeling and light eating, no salt and no sauce, which is very effective. (Medical Forest Collection)
Various exhibitions
1. Meng Wei: congestion due to defecation. People with beriberi and ethos also eat it.
2. "Materia Medica": The main pregnancy has moisture.
3. "southern Yunnan materia medica": nourishing qi and blood, treating women's blood dryness and tuberculosis, forging for not taking it. Cook fennel again to cure the deficiency of the next yuan.
4. outline of drug forest: nourishing heart and yin, clearing kidney and benefiting water, draining water and moistening dryness, detoxifying and clearing heat.
5. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": Strengthening the spleen and benefiting water.
6. update of materia medica: strengthening yang and nourishing yin, retreating wind and removing dampness. Treat Taiwan Province women's blood dryness, irregular menstruation, metrorrhagia and stranguria, and treat waist beriberi. Scales and tails are poisonous, nourishing liver and kidney, dredging channels and promoting diuresis.
7. Materia Medica Jing Shu: Octopus: It is also an important medicine for invigorating spleen and promoting diuresis. If the upper side is insufficient, the water will be flooded, and if the upper side is hard, the water will clear itself. Any drug for treating edema is specially used for diuresis or strengthening the spleen. Their gender has its own uses. However, fish can guide the cross flow upward, make up for its deficiency, and at the same time make up for diarrhea, so the main water is damp and swollen. Five hemorrhoids are caused by damp heat. When the water is gone, the damp heat will be cleared by itself. Meng Xi's main task is to relieve constipation and treat beriberi, so that people can eat well. Susong has the functions of eliminating dampness, entering the water and benefiting the spleen. 8. Neijing: damp, edema and flooding.
9. "Do not record": cure five hemorrhoids.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica