Nanming Luwang's regime: Why did it decline faster just after it was established?

1644 In March, Wang Dashun of Li Zicheng entered Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Jingshan Park (Jingshan), and the Ming Dynasty, which lasted for 277 years, was declared extinct. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming imperial clan and its remnants, who fled to the south of the Yangtze River and were unwilling to fail, successively established some local anti-Qing regimes in the south, including Hong Guang regime, Longwu regime, Wang Luguo regime and Shaowu regime. , which lasted 18 years, is called Nanming period. Among the Nanming emperors, the only one who insisted on "supervising the country" but did not claim to be the emperor was Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu. His indomitable anti-Qing spirit is really touching.

The story of "King Lu supervising the country" happened in Shaoxing. The protagonist Lu Wang, whose name is Zhu Yihai (16 18- 1662), is the ninth grandson of Zhu Tan, the tenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor of Ming Taizu. Father Zhu Shouyong captured the throne in the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636). Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), he died of illness. After Shouyong's death, Yihai's brother Yipai naturally inherited the people's throne. However, Sai Weng Ma De knew that this was not a disaster. He succeeded to the throne in the troubled autumn of the country, which is not necessarily a good thing. In the winter of the 15th year (1642), Emperor Chongzhen killed the famous Yuan Chonghuan, which led to the collapse of Ningjin defense line, the main position of anti-Qing, and the Qing army stepped over Shanhaiguan, aiming at Yanzhou, Shandong Province (formerly hometown, one faction of fiefs, then hometown at sea). Faced with a strong enemy, the factions had no choice but to hang themselves to avoid their responsibilities.

In February of 17th year (1644), Emperor Chongzhen issued an imperial edict to seal the throne by sea attack. In just one month, Beijing was attacked by Li Zicheng, and the Ming Dynasty perished. At that time, no one thought that Wu Sangui, the company commander of Shanhaiguan, was "proud of being a beauty". In order to recapture his concubine Chen Yuanyuan, he started at full speed and invited the Qing army to attack Beijing, handing over the Central Plains to Ai Xinjue Roche. King Lu couldn't squat in Yanzhou any longer, so he had to slap his wife and chicken and go through all the hardships to escape to the south among the refugees. In May, (Nianhao), who proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, moved King Lu to Jiangguang and temporarily lived in Taizhou. 10, King Lu came to Linhai and finally ended his wandering career.

After the Qing army entered the customs, the land of China became increasingly chaotic. People with lofty ideals who were unwilling to perish in the Ming Dynasty organized a rebel army to resist the Qing Dynasty. At that time, Chen, a native of Linhai, was sad for national affairs every day. After King Lu came to the seaside, he took advantage of this relationship and often went to King Lu's residence because he had a close personal relationship with him. Chen sincerely hopes to shoulder the heavy burden bravely and make a difference. King Lu, who has always been pampered, is disheartened and helpless about the status quo. He sighed to Han Hui: "It's just the south of the Yangtze River. If you can't protect it, why hope for it?" In view of his timidity and lack of progress, Chen has done ideological work in terms of geographical location, human history and so on.

He patted his chest in front of King Lu and said, "I tried my best to run around one after another, reporting to the emperor and being loyal to the king." Reasonable analysis, Lu Wang should also be moved. 1645 In June, officials and generals of the former Ming Dynasty who fought against the Qing Dynasty in various parts of Zhejiang personally came to Linhai, such as Shangshu, the former Ministry of War, and Zhang Guowei, the capital of Shi Yu. Or send someone to serve the table to go to sea, such as Qian Shang, the minister of punishments, who sent a juren from Ningbo to the sea; Or directly to the king of Lu, such as the performance in Jiujiang, Xiong Rulin's contribution in Li Ke, Zhu Dadian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War Shen, etc. They also persuaded the king of Lu to shoulder the heavy burden for the country and lead various military forces against the Qing Dynasty. Just as King Lu hesitated, Wang Zhiren, commander-in-chief of Dinghai, Huang Binqing, a native of Wengzhou, and Zhang Mingzhen, a guerrilla in Shipu, also led their troops to assemble at sea.

Perhaps it is the infection of the audience's enthusiasm for resisting Qing dynasty and protecting Ming dynasty, or perhaps Zhu's descendants don't want to lose their acquired wealth. Lu Wang finally made up his mind to lead the anti-Qing Dynasty in the name of "supervising the country", so King Lu, who was suffering from spleen pain at that time, led the people and the army through the rooftop to Shaoxing.

1July, 645 18, King Lu arrived in Shaoxing, where he divided his duties, offered sacrifices to the ancestors of heaven and earth, supervised state affairs, appointed officials, dispatched troops, and rowed the Qiantang River with the Qing army. Every day, King Lu's army beat drums and set sail, landed and fought, and also won some victories, which dealt a great blow to the Qing army.

After the establishment of state power in Shaoxing, according to the order, Chen will go to Shaoxing to take up his post, and his army will be under the command of the commander-in-chief, who will still be stationed in Haimen. Chen told Zhang that their task was to maintain local social order and recruit soldiers and train infantry troops on the river. Zhang Tingshou remembers the entrustment. In addition to trying to maintain local order, he also recruited and trained carefully with Fujian general jinshanwei, who was ordered by King Lu to stay in Taiwan Province. Although we don't know their specific recruitment and training methods, it is an indisputable fact that the brave and skillful Taizhou soldiers have been continuously exported to the river and made great contributions to the great cause of anti-Qing.

At that time, there were 48 military towns stationed on the river, plus other rebels, and the number was really considerable. As the saying goes, "the soldiers and horses have not moved, and the food and grass come first", so many people only have the strength to fight the Qing army when they have a full stomach. Therefore, the wage service is very urgent. The richest man in eastern Zhejiang is Ning Shaotai, and there is no doubt that the problem of food expenses is mainly organized by these three organizations. King Lu also attached great importance to the issue of compensation. He sent Shen Luxiang to Taizhou to supervise the reimbursement.

The Taizhou government and the county government also took reimbursement as a top priority, and sent officials and Xu Li to the east and west households to urge food and reimbursement. Mei, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, described "Xu Li detained us, and now the country is strict, and the old officials are whipping ...", which truly reproduced the land near the sea at that time, and Shan Ye near the sea was shocked by it. Especially in the third year of Shunzhi (1646), from February in spring to May in summer, the sky was "scorching sun" every day, and there was no rain at all. All the seedlings in the field are dead. According to Huang Rui's Autumn Pavilion, there was a shortage of commodities in the market at that time, and prices soared. Rice sells for five dollars, meat for sixteen dollars and salt for eighty cents. However, there is no shortage of food on the river. The sheikh and Xu Li are still holding whips and proudly promoting grain tax. The land by the sea is really devastated, and people are living in dire straits. However, there is a bigger disaster waiting for the people by the sea.

Due to the severe drought, the water level of Qiantang River drops and the sediment rises. On the first day of June in the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the Eight Banners cavalry of the Qing army seized this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, broke through the Qianjiang defense line in one fell swoop, and washed Lu Wang Dajun to flight. The river collapsed, and then Shaoxing collapsed. "The big things are over!" Chen is full of emotion. He hated the fact that there were "no talents and talents, only people with the same skills" in the Wang Lu regime. King Lu and Chen could not grasp the overall situation, so they had to retreat in the direction of Taizhou.

Not far away, I met Fang Guoan, Ruan Dacheng. These disloyal old soldiers of King Lu held him hostage, and their wishful thinking was to give him as a gift to the Qing army as a stepping stone when they had to. Along the way, the gang committed all kinds of evils, burning and looting, leaving only scorched earth and crying. They are robbers rather than robbers. When crossing the Tiantai, thanks to a villager named Zhang Wenyu in Maoyuan (now E Huan), the whole Tiantai City was spared from this military disaster. On the sixth day of June, these bandits, like Nanming soldiers, entered Taizhou City. They kill people when they see them, rob things when they see them and burn houses when they see them. The city by the sea is brightly lit and crying loudly. On the eighth day of June, the Qing army chased the sea. In just two days, all the houses in Taizhou were burned down.

Before the Qing army came, Fang Guoan and others fled to Huangyan with King Lu. Maybe it's providence. The soldier sent by Fang Guoan to guard the king of Lu was ill, and the king of Lu had to get rid of his clutches. Being unfamiliar with the road, he had to stay at night to guard against the raids of Fang Guoan and the Qing army. On the first day of July, King Lu fled to Haimen (Jiaojiang), and then Commander-in-Chief Zhang Tingshou arranged for him to live in the staff office, and sent someone to contact Zhang Mingzhen, a guerrilla in Shipu. Zhang Mingzhen sent Zhongjun Jian to Haimen to welcome King Lu to Shipu Nantian. After King Lu went to sea, although he and Cheng Zheng and Zhang Huangyan occupied linhai, Jiantiao and other places several times, they also attacked Wusong, Guazhou and even arrived at the gate of Nanjing, but they all ended in failure.

After being separated from King Lu, Chen came to Tiantai through a tunnel, then bypassed Han Yan Temple and crossed Xiaohaimen overnight on the seventh day of June to Chaotianmen. At this time, it was not yet dawn. Because of the chaotic situation, the city gate was closed, and Chen shouted his throat, so people in the city were afraid to open the door. At this moment, Chen remembered the hardships of his life, which really made people feel disheartened and returned to Yunfeng Mountain in tears. On the mountain came the news that so-and-so was killed by the Qing army and so-and-so was slaughtered, which made Chen feel bleak in the future, so he wrote a chronicle of Xiao Hanshan, made his own memorial, and more than 100 poems to his relatives and friends. Finally, he wrote a six-character and eight-chapter "Breaking Bad Word", in which "Born as a Daming, died as a Daming ghost, laughing in the depths of white clouds, red and tired" expressed his feelings. He hanged himself on June 1. Alas, a generation of talents just left. Later, critics also thought that "I was afraid of leaving my body and doing something, but I died in the mountains."

Both Zhang Tingshou and Li Tangxi were stationed in Haimen. At that time, there were Gu, Tan Guifei, and a large number of sea guest troops stationed in Taizhou. These visiting teams usually run amok and kill people without blinking an eye. After the news of the defeat on the river came, the guest army became more lax and undisciplined, and raped and plundered in broad daylight. Zhang Tingshou, who is in charge of public security, sent a team to stop the guest army in Jinzhong Bridge. The two sides fought hand-to-hand and fought fiercely, and the blood stained the Admiralty Bridge.

After sending King Lu to the sea, Zhang Tingshou wanted to wait for news from Chen before making his next move. Li Tangxi said, "The enemy soldiers have been forced. It is better to die early with me, kill the foot soldiers and do nothing." Considering the current situation, Wan Ting had to nod, so they each dissolved their own troops and "sat at the gate of the camp in robes." The Qing army arrived in Haimen and persuaded Ting Ai to surrender. Ting loves to be cocky, never gives in, and is finally killed. Fang Guoan surrendered to catch up with the Qing army in Huangyan. However, as the Qing army entered Fujian, Fang Guoan, who had been in turmoil, began to fidget again. Finally, he was beheaded by the Qing army and got the traitor's due end.