1, backplane
(1) In the beam-slab system, when the elevation of the upper reinforcement of the bottom slab is the same as that of the upper main reinforcement of the beam, the upper reinforcement of the slab is placed above the main reinforcement of the beam.
Because the force on the bottom plate is mainly earth pressure, and the reinforcement on the bottom plate is the compression area of the beam, it is necessary to pass under the main reinforcement of the beam to transfer the earth pressure on the bottom plate to the beam. The design should consider the influence of overlapping reinforcement on the protective layer.
(2) Civil air defense door frame steel dowel and threshold steel bar are not set as required.
Frame reinforcement and threshold reinforcement of civil air defense doors should be shaped and bound according to the requirements of design, construction drawing and specification before concrete pouring of the bottom plate.
(3) the threshold height and the threshold wall width of the civil air defense door are not enough to install the door leaf, which affects the use function.
The height of the reinforcement bar of the civil air defense door threshold above the bottom plate should meet the building height of all kinds of civil air defense door thresholds. The minimum width of hinge side door frame of civil air defense door should meet the installation size of civil air defense door, and the minimum width of locking side door frame should not affect the opening of door leaf.
(4) The cross-sectional dimensions of the door frame wall and threshold of the civil air defense door are too small, and the molding and binding of the threshold steel bars do not meet the requirements.
The minimum size of the cross-sectional thickness of the door frame wall and threshold for protecting the sealed door should not be less than 300mm. The cross-sectional thickness of the door frame wall and threshold between two protection units shall not be less than 500mm. The stirrup at the threshold of the sealed door shall be kept silent, and the diameter of the stirrup shall not be less than12 mm. Horizontal reinforcement shall be bound at the corner of the stirrup, which shall be anchored on the door frame wall and firmly bound with the steel dowel of the door frame wall. The thickness of the door frame wall and threshold of the sealed door is determined by the design.
The threshold stirrups of hanging plate valve and rubber hose valve should be closed, and the stirrups should pull the bottom plate down.
⑤ There is no reinforcement under the movable civil air defense door threshold.
Door frame angle steel of movable threshold civil air defense door should be installed in place before pouring concrete on the bottom plate, and the installation elevation of door frame angle steel should be flush with the building elevation. When the local lawn decorative surface is greater than 60mm, the steel bars in the angle steel at the lower part of the door frame angle should meet the requirements of protecting the sealed door threshold; When the bottom decoration surface is not more than 60mm, the angle spacing at the lower part of the door frame angle steel is 150mm, and φ32 holes are anchored in the floor.
2, wallboard
(1) The air defense doors directly affected by lateral shock waves do not consider the measures to prevent lateral shock waves.
When the protective sealed door is subjected to lateral shock wave, the protective sealed door should be embedded in the wall 100mm, or a column with a width of 200mm protruding from the wall should be made on the side of the door subjected to shock wave; When the story is high, a beam with a height of l00mm should be made to protrude the wall surface, protect the upper part of the sealed door and form a door cover with the column. The anchorage length of stirrup between column and beam is the thickness of wallboard.
The hanging plate valve and hose valve should be embedded in the wall, and the depth of embedding in the wall should be determined by the design.
(2) At the corner of the civil air defense door, there is no diagonal reinforcement.
The inner and outer sides of the lower corner of the civil air defense door opening should be equipped with two threaded inclined steel bars with a diameter of 16mm, and the length should not be less than 1000 mm. When the wall thickness is more than 400mm, three threaded inclined steel bars with a diameter of 16mm should be equipped with a length of not less than 1000 mm.
(3) The airport wall reinforcement is not formed and bound according to the drawing, the internal and external reinforcement are reversed or the anchorage length of the airport wall in the bottom plate is not enough.
The opposite wall refers to the air-facing wall in civil air defense engineering, which is directly affected by nuclear shock wave on one side and the inside of civil air defense on the other. The facing wall shall be reinforced according to the construction drawing. On-site inspection should focus on the specifications of the external and internal reinforcement of the airport wall. Here, the outer side and the inner side are relative to the empty wall, the outer side refers to the outer side of the protection zone, and the inner side refers to the inner side of the protection zone. The transverse reinforcement shall extend to the bottom of the slab before anchoring to the protected area, and the length of the horizontal anchoring section shall meet the requirement of 35d+ wall thickness. If the bottom plate is thick (≥ 1m), the adjacent wall reinforcement can be anchored at the bottom of the plate. Two-way anchorage should be considered for the vertical reinforcement of partition wall between two adjacent protection units. Because the anchoring reinforcement of the airport wall in the bottom plate is long, the horizontal anchoring section must be firmly bound with the lower reinforcement of the bottom plate.
(4) Exterior wall steel dowel failed to anchor and retain lap position as required.
The external reinforcement of the external wall shall extend to the bottom of the bottom plate, and then be anchored horizontally and overlapped with the reinforcement of the bottom plate. The overlapping position is generally at the inflection point, which is about L/4+LD. The inner reinforcement extends to the bottom of the bottom plate and then is anchored in the direction of the outer wall. The height of the external wall reinforcement protruding from the bottom plate shall meet the requirements of h/4+Ld, and the overlapping position shall be left and right and staggered inside and outside.
⑤ The specifications of the embedded parts blocked in the battle are too small or the embedded parts are in the wrong position. The elevation and axis of embedded parts reinforced in wartime are wrong, and the connection with steel bars is not firm.
In battle, angle steel or steel plate can be used to block embedded parts, and the back of angle steel and steel plate should be anchored into concrete with steel bars. Angle steel can be used as embedded parts when there is a sill at the seal in battle. Angle steel should be flush with the structural surface, and its length should be the same as the width of the doorway. Angle steel shall be ∠80×80×8mm or ∠100x100x10mm. Angle steel should be embedded in unprotected areas, and steel plates can adopt various structural forms. The width should meet the welding requirements of the seal, the length should be equal to the width of the door opening, and the thickness should not be less than l0mm.
The embedded parts to be reinforced in wartime should be flush with the structural plane, and the anchor bars of the embedded parts should be fixed firmly with the floor reinforcement by spot welding, and the axis of the embedded parts should be ensured to be accurate.
⑥ Casing is used at the through-wall screws of airport walls and airtight walls, which undermines the protection and airtight requirements of civil air defense projects.
Casing shall not be used at the through-wall screw of airport wall and closed wall, but the through-wall screw with water stop piece in the middle shall be used, and limit pieces shall be fixed at both ends of the screw.
⑦ The stirrup of civil air defense door frame directly affected by nuclear explosion shock wave is incorrectly bound with vertical or horizontal steel bars, and the stirrup section is not enough.
The stirrups of the door frame wall for protecting the sealed door, hanging plate valve and rubber hose valve shall be closed and placed outside the vertical or horizontal reinforcement, with a diameter of not less than 12mm.
⑧ The specifications of the embedded parts blocked in the battle are too small or the embedded parts are in the wrong position.
When the embedded parts to be blocked in battle are angle steel, the angle steel should be embedded outside the civil air defense zone, and the angle steel should be flush with the structural plane. Angle steel can be ∠80× 80× 8mm or ∠100x100x10mm. When the embedded parts are steel plates, the width of the steel plates shall meet the welding requirements of the connectors, and the thickness shall not be less than lOmm. The embedded parts of the walls on both sides shall be welded with the embedded parts of the upper sill and the lower sill.
Pet-name ruby civil air defense door frame Angle embedded position and direction is wrong, Angle steel anchor bar is not anchored on the door frame wall and fixed firmly.
The embedded position and direction of angle steel of civil air defense door frame should be accurate. Angle steel of protective sealing door, hanging plate valve and rubber hose valve should be embedded in one side of non-human protected area, angle steel of sealing door should be embedded in one side of polluted area, and angle steel of sealing door of poison filter room should be embedded in closed channel. Angle lock box has a large opening at the bottom and a small opening at the top, and the position of door shaft is consistent with the design and construction drawing. The angle steel of the door frame is flush with the structural surface, and the anchor bar of the angle steel should be anchored into the door frame wall, and the anchor bar and the door frame wall bar should be fixed firmly by spot welding.
Attending hanging plate valve and the other side of the hose valve without embedded angle steel.
When there is no diffusion chamber on the other side of the hanging plate valve, a circle of ∠50×50× 5mm angle steel shall be embedded on one side of the connecting conduit or diffusion box to ensure that the joint meets the sealing requirements. If rubber hose valves are used, angle steel of the same specification should also be embedded on this side.
Step 3: Roof
(1) The anchorage length of the transverse reinforcement of the airport wall on the roof is not enough.
Before anchoring in the protection zone, the lateral reinforcement of the airport wall should extend to the upper reinforcement of the roof, and the length of the horizontal anchoring section should meet the requirement of 35d+ wall thickness. Because the anchoring reinforcement of the airport wall in the roof is long, the horizontal anchoring section must be firmly bound with the upper reinforcement of the roof.
(2) The external wall reinforcement in the roof is not anchored and retained in the lap position as required.
When the external wall is fixedly connected with the roof, the external reinforcement of the external wall should extend to the upper reinforcement of the roof, and then be horizontally anchored and overlapped with the roof reinforcement. The overlapping position is generally at the inflection point, which is approximately taken as LO/4+LD. The internal reinforcement extends to the bottom of the bottom plate and then anchors to the outside of the external wall1d; ; When the external wall is hinged with the roof, the steel bars at the top of the roof should extend to the outside of the external wall, and then anchor the ld downwards.
(3) the door leaf of the civil air defense door is not hooked, or the specifications of the hook and the lien position are wrong.
The door leaf hook of the civil air defense door should hook the upper reinforcement of the roof, and the hook should be placed at the midpoint of the width of the door leaf, and rotate 45℃ around the door axis. Among them, the hook specifications of FM7 16 are φ 12, those of FM820 and FMl020 are φ 16, and those of FMl320 and FMl520 are φ20, SFM40320, SFM40350, SFM50250 and SFM60250.
(4) The specifications of the embedded parts blocked by the war are too small to be welded with the embedded parts in the wallboard.
The dimensions and embedded requirements of the embedded parts for roof emergency plugging are the same as those for wallboard embedded parts. The embedded parts in the top plate should be welded with the embedded parts in the wallboard.
Water supply and drainage installation project
1. Main splint
(1) There are no decontamination drains and decontamination sewage collection wells in the contaminated areas such as anti-virus channels, closed channels, decontamination rooms, simple decontamination rooms, diffusion rooms, valve rooms and poison filter rooms.
Drains and drains with a diameter of not less than 75 mm should be set in the above-mentioned polluted areas to collect and disinfect sewage. The drainage pipe leads into a single washing sewage collection well.
(2) the washing drain is higher than the ground, which can't make the washing sewage exhausted or affect the opening of the sealed door.
The elevation of the decontamination drain should be the same as that of the floor drain. Usually, the flushing drain pipe should be plugged with a copper plug. When using explosion-proof floor drain, it should be directly buried in concrete and not reserved.
(3) The flushing drainage pipe adopts cast iron drainage pipe or PVC drainage pipe.
Because this kind of pipe is brittle and easy to break under the action of shock wave, PVC pipe is easy to age under the action of light radiation, so hot dip galvanized steel pipe is generally used.
(4) The central position of the drain pipe orifice of the collecting well is low or high, and the distance from the well wall is small.
The low center position of the drain pipe leads to poor drainage of the sump, while the high center position will affect the installation of the cover plate of the sump, and the installation of the valve in the sump will also be affected if it is too close to the shaft wall. The center should be 250 mm below the ground and not less than 150 mm from the borehole wall.
⑤ The water supply and drainage pipeline embedded in the floor and passing through the airport wall and sealing wall has not taken protective sealing measures.
After the water supply and drainage pipelines entering the clean area outside the protected area enter the clean area, valve wells should be reserved on the bottom plate and valves should be installed. If you use explosion-proof floor drain, you can't leave a valve well.
2. wallboard
(1) When water supply and drainage, fire fighting, spraying and other pipelines pass through the wall, closed wall and external wall of civil air defense airport, leave holes without using steel pipes.
When the equipment pipeline crosses the above protection structure, the waterproof casing shall be embedded. Two sides of the airport wall waterproof casing are respectively provided with fixed flanges. The width of waterproof wing ring and flange is l00mm, and the thickness is not less than l0mm. Drainage cast iron pipes and PVC pipes are not allowed to be used for pipelines crossing the above walls, and steel pipes are generally used. Pipes unrelated to civil air defense projects shall not pass through civil air defense protection structures. When it is necessary to pass through the roof of civil air defense project due to conditions, only water supply, heating and air conditioning cooling pipes are allowed to pass through, and their nominal diameter shall not be greater than150 mm. Sewage, waste water and gas pipes in the upper structure shall not enter the civil air defense project.
(2) There are no flushing faucets for flushing the bottom, wall and top in the polluted rooms and passages of civil air defense entrances and exits.
Channels and rooms polluted by civil air defense entrances and exits shall be disinfected and washed when necessary. Flushing faucets should generally be set in the decontamination room, anti-virus passage or closed passage.
(3) The contact part between the pipeline embedded in concrete and concrete shall be painted with paint.
Because the paint on the contact part between the pipeline and concrete will affect the adhesion between the concrete and the pipeline.
Step 3: Roof
(1) Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, spraying and other pipelines leave holes when crossing the civil air defense floor, and steel pipes are not used for the pipelines.
(2) When the equipment pipeline crosses the floor, the waterproof casing shall be embedded in the wallboard as required.
Electrical installation engineering
1. Main splint
(1) The reinforcement of basement floor without pile foundation has not formed a grounding grid, the door frame of protective sealing door has not been grounded, and the electrical grounding in various distribution boxes has not been directly introduced from the grounding grid.
For the basement layer of civil air defense without pile foundation, every corner of the surrounding steel bars of the upper and lower floors should be welded, one point every 5m along the width direction of the project and one point every 60m along the length direction to form welded steel mesh. Welding shall be carried out at the lap joint of steel bars on the welded steel mesh. If the top and bottom plates are beam-slab structures, the main reinforcement (at least two) of the main girder should be welded with the transverse reinforcement of the plate every 5-8m, and the grounding resistance should be tested. If the grounding resistance value cannot be met, the grounding device should be added separately. The door frame of each angle steel sealed door is welded with 25×4 flat iron on the upper reinforcement of the bottom plate, and at least one point of the upper reinforcement is connected with the welded steel mesh. 40×4 flat iron is used for electrical grounding of various distribution boxes directly led from grounding steel mesh.
(two) the electrical pipeline is directly led from the civil air defense zone to the non-civil air defense zone, or the protective sealing measures are not taken between the protective units.
Electrical pipelines passing through emergency walls, sealed walls and emergency joints in the bottom plate should be led to both sides of the walls, and sealed boxes should be installed in the walls. The two airtight boxes are connected by galvanized steel pipes with an airtight rib in the middle. 3-4 mm steel plate and galvanized pipe shall be welded on both sides of the airtight rib. When the diameter of steel pipe is less than 32 mm, the airtight box can be replaced by 86-type junction box. When the diameter of the steel pipe is 32-50 mm, the steel plate with a thickness of 3 mm shall be used for welding. The two closed boxes should be staggered to ensure the thickness of the wall. The closed boxes cannot be used as lamps, distribution boxes and junction boxes.
③ Thin-walled pipes are used as materials for electrical pipelines that need to be protected and sealed or hidden in concrete walls.
Thick-walled pipes are used for electrical pipelines buried in concrete, and galvanized steel pipes are used for pipelines in closed sections.
2. wallboard
(1) Cable tray and bus duct passing through the wall, airtight wall, ground and war blockage of civil air defense airport.
When the cable tray passes through the airport wall and the enclosed wall, the sleeve should be embedded in the wall, and a sealing rib should be set in the middle of the sleeve. To ensure that a casing runs through a cable, the well should be sealed at its casing.
(2) When civil air defense works are used as personnel shelters, call buttons are not set, or all entrances and exits are set, or call buttons are not directly buried in concrete.
Call button is a means for external personnel to contact internal personnel in advance when they enter civil air defense. External personnel who want to enter the civil air defense must enter through the air-proof passage. Press the call button outside the protective seal door, and only with the permission of the internal personnel on duty can the personnel on duty open the door and let them enter the civil air defense. Therefore, the product will be directly embedded in the concrete wall as long as it is set on the wall outside the protective sealed door in wartime.
(3) Spare pipes embedded when communication and alarm facilities are added to civil air defense basement in the future are not fully considered in pipeline laying, so as to avoid drilling holes in airtight walls and airport walls in the future, which will damage the protection and airtight performance of the walls.
Civil air defense engineering should be in the sealed door, sealed door frame wall embedded 3-5 root diameter of 40-50mm galvanized steel pipe as a spare pipe, set the sealing rib in the middle. The distance between the center of the pipeline and the angle steel of the wall, roof and door frame is not less than l00mm, and the nozzle is 70mm away from the structural wall.
(4) The lighting circuit leading from the civil defense zone to the non-human defense zone is not equipped with fuses in the civil defense zone.
In order to prevent the lighting circuit in the civil air defense zone from short-circuiting in wartime, it is necessary to set a fuse in the civil air defense zone.
⑤ The layout of various electrical boxes in civil air defense basement does not meet the requirements.
Distribution boxes, control boxes and lighting boxes serving civil air defense in wartime should be set in clean areas of civil air defense, and should not be set in non-civil air defense areas or toxic areas such as closed passages and gas passages. If the embedded wall is installed concealed, it shall not be located in the airport wall, airtight wall, external wall and other places where the wall thickness is reduced, so as not to affect the protective ability and airtight performance of the fortifications. If necessary, it should be installed in this kind of wall, and wall-mounted surface installation should be adopted.
Ventilation installation engineering
1. wallboard
(1) When the air duct passes through the airport wall, airtight wall and floor slab, concrete holes shall be reserved at will.
If the air duct is used at ordinary times, steel plates should be embedded around the hole or angle iron frames should be embedded around the inside and outside of the hole to block it in preparation for war. The thickness of steel plate shall not be less than 10mm, and the angle steel shall be less than 80× 80× 8mm. When air duct is used in wartime, airtight short pipes shall be embedded in airtight walls and airtight walls of civil air defense entrances and exits.
② The diameter and thickness of the closed short pipe embedded in the airport fence and closed wall in wartime do not meet the requirements, and the short pipe is deformed when embedded.
Sealing ribs should be set in the middle of the closed short pipe, with a thickness of 5mm and a width of 50 mm, and both sides of the sealing ribs and the short pipe should be fully welded. The thickness of the pipeline embedded in the airport wall is not less than 6mm, and the thickness of the pipeline embedded in the closed wall is not less than 3mm, which should be determined according to the diameter of the embedded pipeline to prevent the embedded pipeline from being deformed. The pipe diameter of the embedded pipe shall be the same as that of the manual shut-off valve, automatic exhaust valve (YF type and PS type) and explosion-proof overpressure exhaust valve (FCS type).
Fire fighting equipment installation project
1. wallboard
(1) fire hydrant box is embedded in the external wall of civil air defense, airport wall and airtight wall.
(2) Because fire hydrant box is embedded in the civil air defense exterior wall, airport wall and airtight wall, the thickness of the wall is reduced, which affects the protective ability and airtight performance of the fortifications, so the fire hydrant should be installed on the wall.
Matters needing attention in civil air defense engineering
The position of steel plate water stop is not less than 500mm (300mm for general engineering).
The water stop steel plate is welded on the water surface, and the stirrup is spot-welded on the water stop steel plate. You can't wear water-stop steel plates.
Explosion-proof through-wall sleeves must be made for pipelines to pass through walls.
Pay attention to the use of water stop screws: water stop screws are used in civil air defense walls such as external walls, airport walls, protective unit partitions, explosion-proof cable shaft walls, and poison filter room walls.
Civil air defense explosion-proof floor drain. When installed, it was not below the ground 10mm as required, and was later required to be reinstalled when civil air defense was accepted.
Water pipes and other pipelines pass through the civil air defense wall (see the above figure for details), and closed valves must be made. The picture below is an incorrect phenomenon.
Usually, the air duct should be blocked when it passes through the civil air defense wall. General door frame is100x100x10 angle steel. The width of each side outside the air duct is 50 mm;
Braces in external wall formwork cannot be connected and must be disconnected from the middle.
Civil air defense project construction and maintenance matters
The construction of air defense basement shall be designed and constructed in accordance with civil air defence basement Design Code (GB50038-2005), Civil Air Defense Engineering Construction and Acceptance Code (GB50 134-2004), Civil Air Defense Engineering Quality Inspection and Evaluation Standard and Underground Waterproofing Engineering Quality Acceptance Code (GB50208-2002). The construction drawing shall be examined by the competent civil air defense department or its entrusted examination institution before construction.
installation instructions
In order to ensure the construction quality of civil air defense projects, the construction unit with civil air defense installation qualification should be selected for the installation of special anti-chemical equipment for civil air defense projects.
When the construction unit encounters drawing design errors or unclear expressions in the process of equipment installation, it should install the water supply and drainage professional reference atlas 07FS02 according to the design and construction specifications and referring to the professional atlas. Ventilation professional reference atlas 07FK02 Electrical professional reference atlas 07FD02.
In the installation process, it is not allowed to open holes in the protective sealing wall and sealing wall.
electric installation
4-6 spare pipes for entrance and exit and joint protection, hot-dip galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of 50mm-80mm and a wall thickness of ≥2.5mm or more, are embedded in the wall of the sealed door frame and meet the sealing requirements. When there are a large number of cables or wires in the civil air defense basement and they are laid centrally, cable bridge can be used.
Roof pouring
The hook on the roof is embedded, and the civil construction unit that embeds the hook on the roof for civil air defense doors and emergency plugging cannot miss it. (See 07FJ03 for details)
Overpressure pressure measurement DN 15 galvanized steel pipe shall be embedded in the top plate of air inlet. (See 07FJ03 for details)
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd