First, the circuit transformation process
1. Draw the wiring diagram.
2. underline. Determine the position of line terminal socket, switch and panel, and mark the exact position and size on the wall.
3. Slot.
4. Bury the cassette and lay PVC conduit.
5, threading.
6. Install switches, panels, various sockets, strong and weak current boxes and lamps.
7. check.
8. Complete the circuit wiring diagram and submit it to the company for record.
Second, the construction points of circuit transformation
1. The wiring design should be based on the principles of strong current, weak current, horizontal and vertical, avoiding cross, beautiful and practical.
2. The grooving depth should be consistent, and the diameter of PVC pipe is generally+10 mm. ..
3. When wiring the power cord, the cross-sectional area of the conductor used should meet the maximum output power of the electrical equipment. Generally speaking, the lighting, socket and air conditioner are 2.5mm2 and 4mm2 respectively.
4, dark laying wires must be equipped with flame retardant PVC pipe. SG20 tube for socket and SG 16 tube for lighting. When the length of the pipeline exceeds 15m or there are two right-angle bends,
A cable box should be added. The position of the lamp on the ceiling is fixed by a cable box. 5.PVC pipes should be fixed with pipe clamps. PVC pipe joints are all matching joints, glued with PVC, and elbows are all spring bends. The cassette, cable box and PVC pipe are fixed by Gong.
6. After the 6.PVC pipe is installed, the wires should be threaded evenly. The wires of the same circuit should be inserted into the same pipe, but the total number of wires in the pipe should not exceed 8, and the total cross-sectional area of wires (including insulating sheath) should not exceed 40% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
7, the power cord and communication line shall not be inserted into the same tube.
8. The horizontal spacing between power cord and socket, TV cable and socket should not be less than 500mm.
9. The parallel distance between wires and heating, hot water and gas pipelines should not be less than 300mm, and the crossing distance should not be less than 100mm.
10, the joint of the pipe-passing conductor shall be located in the junction box, with a margin of 150MM for the thread end, and the joint shall be firmly connected and evenly wrapped with insulating tape.
1 1. When installing the power socket, the left side facing the socket should be connected with the neutral line (N) and the right side with the phase line (L).
The upper part and the middle part should be connected by protective ground wire (PE). Two-color cord with 2.5 square protective ground wire. 12. When the weight of the chandelier is 3kg or more, the rear built-in parts should be installed on the roof first, and then the lamps should be fixed on the rear built-in parts. It is forbidden to install on wooden wedges and bricks.
13. When connecting the wires of the switch and the screw lamps, the phase line should be connected to the switch first, the phase line led from the switch should be connected to the terminal in the center of the lamps, and the zero line should be connected to the threaded end.
14, the resistance between wires and between wires and ground must be greater than 0.5MΩ.
15, the bottom of power socket is 300mm off the ground, and the bottom of flat switchboard is off the ground 1300mm. The wall-mounted air conditioner socket height is 1900 mm, the discharge socket height is 2 100MM, the kitchen socket height is 950MM, the hanging disinfection cabinet height is 1900MM, the washing machine height is 1000 mm, and the TV set height is 650 mm.
16, power supply, telephone, TV and other socket panels in the same room should be at the same level, and the height difference should be less than 5 mm 。
17, each household should be equipped with a strong and weak current box, and the distribution box should be equipped with a leakage protector with an action current of 30MA. After sub-loop control, lighting, air conditioning, sockets, etc. Should be controlled separately.
The working current of the control switch should match the maximum working current of the terminal equipment. General lighting 10A, socket 16A, cabinet air conditioner 20A, household 40-60A. 18, when installing switches, panels, sockets and lamps, pay attention to cleaning, and arrange before the last latex paint.
Third, how to choose wires, threading pipes and switch panels in home decoration?
1, the circuit transformation involves the positioning of space, and it is necessary to slot, which should be carried out in advance. It is forbidden to bury the conductor directly into the plastering layer, and it is forbidden to have a joint in the tube on the conductor. At the same time, the used pipes (PVC flame retardant pipes) shall be strictly inspected, and the wall surface of the pipes shall be smooth, and the wall thickness shall reach the strength that fingers cannot break, and there shall be a certificate of approval. It is also possible to use the national standard galvanized pipe as the threading pipe. In order to meet the national standard, the standard stipulates that the wire tube with a wall thickness of 1.2 mm should be used, and the standard requires that the total cross-sectional area of the wires in the tube should not exceed 40% of the cross-sectional area of the plastic tube.
For example, a PVC flashlight with a diameter of 20 mm can only pass through five wires with a cross section of 1.5 mm 2.
4 lines with 2.5 mm 2 cross section, but some construction teams put six or seven lines of 1.5 mm2 or five or six lines of 2.5 mm 2; The distance between the electric wire and the gas pipeline is too close, exceeding the allowable range stipulated by the standard; According to the standard, quality acceptance should be made at the end of each construction stage, and acceptance records should be made, but informal construction teams often do not have acceptance records of electrical concealed works. Pipeline laying follows the principle of "safety, convenience, economy and objectivity". At the same time, for special power supply circuits, such as air conditioning, integral bathroom, electric shower, etc. It is suggested that users should check whether there is a protection device before configuring the corresponding leakage protection switch to ensure the safety of users' property. After the completion of the project, the leakage switch should be tested and a complete circuit diagram should be given for future maintenance.
2. The choice of wire:
For fire prevention, maintenance and safety, it is best to choose single-core copper conductor with "national standard" plastic or rubber insulation protection layer and Great Wall logo.
Generally, the slot load area of wires is: 2.5 square millimeters for lighting and sockets, not less than 4 square millimeters for air conditioning, green and yellow double-color wires for wiring, and any one of red, white, black and purple for connecting switch wires (live wires). However, in the same home improvement project, the color of the line should be consistent. 3, switch panel, socket material selection and installation requirements:
The size of the panel should be consistent with the size of the embedded junction box; Smooth surface, obvious brand logo, great wall logo with anti-counterfeiting logo and national electrician safety certification; When the switch is turned on, the handle is flexible, the socket is stable, and the copper sheet should have a certain thickness; The material of the panel shall be flame retardant and firm; The height of the switch is generally 1200 to 1350 mm, the distance from the door edge of the door frame is 150 to 200 mm, and the height of the socket is generally 200 to 300 mm. ..
Fourthly, the design of circuit transformation wiring.
1, bedroom:
Generally, there are 7 lines: including power line, lighting line, air conditioning line, TV feeder, telephone line, computer line and alarm line.
The terminals of all wires in the bedroom should be left: the power cord port should be left above the bedside table, and a 5-hole patch panel with a switch should be used to reduce the trouble that the bedside lamp is not turned on, and the telephone line port should be left. If there is a double bedside table, the power cord port and telephone line port should be left above the two bedside tables respectively. There should be a power connection port above the comb table. In addition, there should be reflected light above the vanity mirror, and a switch should be installed next to the wire box. Power cord, TV feeder, computer cable and telephone line interface should be installed above the desk or computer desk. Lighting should use a single headlamp or ceiling lamp, and multiple headlamps should be equipped with sub-controllers, with emphasis on switches. It is suggested to use double-control switches, one switch is installed outside the bedroom door, and the other switch is installed on the upper side of the bedside table or at the bedside where it is easy to operate. If you want to leave the terminal interface of the air conditioning line, you must set the position by the air conditioning installation professional. The alarm line is at the top position, and the line mouth should be left. If the bedroom is heated by far infrared under the floor, the power cord and switch regulator must use switches suitable for 6 square copper wires to match the required voltage, and the temperature regulator shall not use ordinary lighting switches. The circuit must be laid separately until the household power supply is controlled.
There should be two routes: including power lines and lighting lines.
There are 1-2 power terminal interfaces. Lighting should be determined according to the length and area of the corridor. If it is wider, you can install ceiling lamps and wall lamps. If it is narrow, only ceiling lamps or transparent glass roofs can be installed, and switches can be installed outside.
3. Kitchen:
There should be two routes: including power lines and lighting lines.
The power cord is particularly important, and it is best to use a 4mm2 cord, because with the update of kitchen equipment, the currently used equipment such as microwave ovens, range hoods, dishwashers, disinfection cabinets, food processors, electric ovens, refrigerators, etc. It is increasing, so it is necessary to leave power connectors in different parts according to customer requirements, and there is a little surplus for future kitchen equipment. The power interface should not be less than 50 cm from the ground to avoid short circuit caused by humidity. The lighting switch is best installed on the outside of the kitchen door.
4. Restaurant:
There should be three lines: including power line, lighting line and air conditioning line.
The power cord should have 2 or 3 power connection ports as far as possible. It is best to use warm light source for lighting, and the switch is selected inside the door. Air conditioners also need to leave interfaces according to the requirements of professionals.
5. Bathroom:
There should be three lines: power line, lighting line and telephone line.
The power cord should be 4mm2. Considering electric water heaters, electric heaters and other high-current equipment, it is best to install the power cord interface in a place that is not easily wetted by water, such as the upper side of the electric water heater or the upper side of the ceiling. At present, electric heaters are favored by Yuba, which can solve the problems of lighting, heating and exhaust. Yuba switch should be placed indoors. Lighting or mirror light switch should be placed outside the door. If you want to leave the telephone interface in a dry place, it is best to choose around the toilet, and the telephone interface should be waterproof. It is best to install an exhaust fan switch next to the toilet.
6. Living room:
Generally, the wiring in the living room should be eight ways: including power line (2.5mm2 copper wire), lighting line (2.5mm2 copper wire), air conditioning line (4mm2 copper wire), TV line (feeder line), telephone line (4-core sheath line), computer line (5-type two-core wire), intercom or bell line (4-core sheath line optional, 2-core standby) and alarm line (referring to smoke and infrared alarm).
Distribution of cable terminals in the living room: power supply (5-hole panel), TV and computer cable terminals should be left above the TV cabinet. The reserved hole at the terminal of air-conditioning line shall be reserved according to the reserved position of air-conditioning professional installer (16A panel) and lighting line switch. Single headlight or ceiling lamp, single switch can be used; Multi-head chandelier, you can install a light controller on the chandelier and adjust the brightness as needed.
Leave a telephone line at the edge of the sofa. Inside the door, you need to leave a walkie-talkie or bell line. Leave an alarm line at the top.
If refrigerators, drinking fountains, humidifiers and other equipment need to be placed in the living room, power sockets should be left according to the placement position. Generally, there should be at least 5 power outlets in the living room.
7. Learning:
It should be 7 lines; Includes power cord, lighting cord, TV cord, telephone cord, computer cord, air conditioning cord and alarm cord.
For the desk or computer desk in the study, the power cord, computer cable, telephone cable and TV cable terminal interface should be installed above the desktop. From the safety point of view, 1-2 power socket should be installed below the desk or computer for power supply of computer supporting equipment. If the lighting lamps are multi-headlights, a sub-controller should be added, and the switch can be installed in the library door. If you want to leave the air conditioner, you should leave it according to the requirements of professional installers. The alarm line should have a connection port at the top.
8. Balcony:
There should be 2 lines: including power line and lighting line.
The 1-2 interface should be left at the power line terminal. Lighting should be installed on the wall that does not affect the clothes drying or hidden under the baffle. The switch should be installed in the room connected to the balcony door, not in the balcony.
9. Installation of TV cable connector:
According to the materials provided by a color TV manufacturer, more than 90% of users' complaints about the poor quality of color TV viewing are proved by actual inspection at home. There are not only cable TV network problems in users' homes, but also cable connector connection problems: some are stubble between the inner core and the outer shield wire, which leads to large-area parallel interference waves on the screen; Some have poor contact with the kernel, causing individual snowflakes to flicker; In addition, due to too many parallel lines of users, the signal attenuation is serious, so it is necessary to install a frequency divider or amplifier. Therefore, in the family decoration, we must think of all the factors that may affect the viewing, so as not to affect the viewing effect in the future.
V. Special requirements for wiring
The distance between the tubes and slots of strong current and weak current is more than 30 cm, which will increase the labor force of workers, but in order not to be suppressed in the future, we require workers to do so, because the parallel operation of strong current and weak current will interfere. Moreover, our sockets are all below 80 cm from the ground, because they are afraid that they will be easy to see wires when placed in high places, which is not beautiful. Our kitchen is an integrated cupboard. When workers laid water and electricity here, they asked the cabinet company to determine the location of the kitchen water and electricity. Although the cabinet company designed water and electricity, we still left three more sockets in the kitchen for fear of adding things in the future. If it is decoration, wiring is completely different. Wiring is not good-looking, and it is not only depressing but also uneconomical to dismantle and decorate dark wires.
1, more sockets should be installed, not less. There must be a socket in the stairwell Don't design a socket next to the furnace cover, which is a safety hazard.
Don't put the switch in a narrow place behind the door.
3. It's better to design double control lights in the aisle, one end is on and the other end is off.
It's best to buy plugs with panels, and some sockets that have not been used for a long time are not easy to be damaged.
5, restaurant lighting should consider the position of the table, otherwise the lighting is not in the middle of the table.
6. Small spotlights must be equipped with transformers. Without a transformer, the lamp is like a small bomb that will explode at any time, and the final result will never be turned on.
7.2 Buy more sockets, and 3 eyes buy less appliances.
8. Wired sockets should be broadband.
9. It is best not to change the position of the original sewer and floor drain. If you can't change it well, it is the easiest to flood.
10, once the electrical pipeline is laid and before the groove is sealed, workers are required to draw a circuit diagram.
1 1. During the construction, we still try to see it. If there is a problem, we will ask the workers to correct it immediately, fearing that it will be too late to correct it after the next process is completed, thus saving the trouble of wrangling for rework.
12. In order to save electricity, please accurately plan the sockets of weak power-consuming appliances (such as TV, DVD player, microwave oven, air conditioner, DVD player, etc.). ). DD in standby state without unplugging the plug is best equipped with a switch socket panel, because the electricity consumed in standby state cannot be read by ordinary meters, but it will be read by time-sharing meters.
13. After the conduit is put on, the conduit in the trough should be sealed, and the junction box should be sealed firmly with cement mortar. The joint is slightly lower than the wall surface by about 0.5cm, and it should be kept straight. The master said that although the transformation of this socket wire is so simple now, the stress on threading can be more than that. High-power appliances such as air conditioners should be wired separately, and now general communication lines should also be wired. When wiring, the communication line should not walk with the pipeline of the power line, and the spacing should be kept above 50 cm, otherwise electromagnetic interference will occur.
If you want to know more relevant information, you can continue to pay attention to the 1 home network.
The terminals of all wires in the bedroom should be left: the power cord port should be left above the bedside table, and a 5-hole patch panel with a switch should be used to reduce the trouble that the bedside lamp is not turned on, and the telephone line port should be left. If there is a double bedside table, the power cord port and telephone line port should be left above the two bedside tables respectively. There should be a power connection port above the comb table. In addition, there should be reflected light above the vanity mirror, and a switch should be installed next to the wire box. Power cord, TV feeder, computer cable and telephone line interface should be installed above the desk or computer desk. Lighting should use a single headlamp or ceiling lamp, and multiple headlamps should be equipped with sub-controllers, with emphasis on switches. It is suggested to use double-control switches, one switch is installed outside the bedroom door, and the other switch is installed on the upper side of the bedside table or at the bedside where it is easy to operate. If you want to leave the terminal interface of the air conditioning line, you must set the position by the air conditioning installation professional. The alarm line is at the top position, and the line mouth should be left. If the bedroom is heated by far infrared under the floor, the power cord and switch regulator must use switches suitable for 6 square copper wires to match the required voltage, and the temperature regulator shall not use ordinary lighting switches. The circuit must be laid separately until the household power supply is controlled.
There should be two routes: including power lines and lighting lines.
There are 1-2 power terminal interfaces. Lighting should be determined according to the length and area of the corridor. If it is wider, you can install ceiling lamps and wall lamps. If it is narrow, only ceiling lamps or transparent glass roofs can be installed, and switches can be installed outside.
3. Kitchen:
There should be two routes: including power lines and lighting lines.
The power cord is particularly important, and it is best to use a 4mm2 cord, because with the update of kitchen equipment, the currently used equipment such as microwave ovens, range hoods, dishwashers, disinfection cabinets, food processors, electric ovens, refrigerators, etc. It is increasing, so it is necessary to leave power connectors in different parts according to customer requirements, and there is a little surplus for future kitchen equipment. The power interface should not be less than 50 cm from the ground to avoid short circuit caused by humidity. The lighting switch is best installed on the outside of the kitchen door.
4. Restaurant:
There should be three lines: including power line, lighting line and air conditioning line.
The power cord should have 2 or 3 power connection ports as far as possible. It is best to use warm light source for lighting, and the switch is selected inside the door. Air conditioners also need to leave interfaces according to the requirements of professionals.
5. Bathroom:
There should be three lines: power line, lighting line and telephone line.
The power cord should be 4mm2. Considering electric water heaters, electric heaters and other high-current equipment, it is best to install the power cord interface in a place that is not easily wetted by water, such as the upper side of the electric water heater or the upper side of the ceiling. At present, electric heaters are favored by Yuba, which can solve the problems of lighting, heating and exhaust. Yuba switch should be placed indoors. Lighting or mirror light switch should be placed outside the door. If you want to leave the telephone interface in a dry place, it is best to choose around the toilet, and the telephone interface should be waterproof. It is best to install an exhaust fan switch next to the toilet.
6. Living room:
Generally, the wiring in the living room should be eight ways: including power line (2.5mm2 copper wire), lighting line (2.5mm2 copper wire), air conditioning line (4mm2 copper wire), TV line (feeder line), telephone line (4-core sheath line), computer line (5-type two-core wire), intercom or bell line (4-core sheath line optional, 2-core standby) and alarm line (referring to smoke and infrared alarm).
Distribution of cable terminals in the living room: power supply (5-hole panel), TV and computer cable terminals should be left above the TV cabinet. The reserved hole at the terminal of air-conditioning line shall be reserved according to the reserved position of air-conditioning professional installer (16A panel) and lighting line switch. Single headlight or ceiling lamp, single switch can be used; Multi-head chandelier, you can install a light controller on the chandelier and adjust the brightness as needed.
Leave a telephone line at the edge of the sofa. Inside the door, you need to leave a walkie-talkie or bell line. Leave an alarm line at the top.
If refrigerators, drinking fountains, humidifiers and other equipment need to be placed in the living room, power sockets should be left according to the placement position. Generally, there should be at least 5 power outlets in the living room.
7. Learning:
It should be 7 lines; Includes power cord, lighting cord, TV cord, telephone cord, computer cord, air conditioning cord and alarm cord.
For the desk or computer desk in the study, the power cord, computer cable, telephone cable and TV cable terminal interface should be installed above the desktop. From the safety point of view, 1-2 power socket should be installed below the desk or computer for power supply of computer supporting equipment. If the lighting lamps are multi-headlights, a sub-controller should be added, and the switch can be installed in the library door. If you want to leave the air conditioner, you should leave it according to the requirements of professional installers. The alarm line should have a connection port at the top.
8. Balcony:
There should be 2 lines: including power line and lighting line.
The 1-2 interface should be left at the power line terminal. Lighting should be installed on the wall that does not affect the clothes drying or hidden under the baffle. The switch should be installed in the room connected to the balcony door, not in the balcony.
9. Installation of TV cable connector:
According to the materials provided by a color TV manufacturer, more than 90% of users' complaints about the poor quality of color TV viewing are proved by actual inspection at home. There are not only cable TV network problems in users' homes, but also cable connector connection problems: some are stubble between the inner core and the outer shield wire, which leads to large-area parallel interference waves on the screen; Some have poor contact with the kernel, causing individual snowflakes to flicker; In addition, due to too many parallel lines of users, the signal attenuation is serious, so it is necessary to install a frequency divider or amplifier. Therefore, in the family decoration, we must think of all the factors that may affect the viewing, so as not to affect the viewing effect in the future.
V. Special requirements for wiring
The distance between the tubes and slots of strong current and weak current is more than 30 cm, which will increase the labor force of workers, but in order not to be suppressed in the future, we require workers to do so, because the parallel operation of strong current and weak current will interfere. Moreover, our sockets are all below 80 cm from the ground, because they are afraid that they will be easy to see wires when placed in high places, which is not beautiful. Our kitchen is an integrated cupboard. When workers laid water and electricity here, they asked the cabinet company to determine the location of the kitchen water and electricity. Although the cabinet company designed water and electricity, we still left three more sockets in the kitchen for fear of adding things in the future. If it is decoration, wiring is completely different. Wiring is not good-looking, and it is not only depressing but also uneconomical to dismantle and decorate dark wires.
1, more sockets should be installed, not less. There must be a socket in the stairwell Don't design a socket next to the furnace cover, which is a safety hazard.
Don't put the switch in a narrow place behind the door.
3. It's better to design double control lights in the aisle, one end is on and the other end is off.
It's best to buy plugs with panels, and some sockets that have not been used for a long time are not easy to be damaged.
5, restaurant lighting should consider the position of the table, otherwise the lighting is not in the middle of the table.
6. Small spotlights must be equipped with transformers. Without a transformer, the lamp is like a small bomb that will explode at any time, and the final result will never be turned on.
7.2 Buy more sockets, and 3 eyes buy less appliances.
8. Wired sockets should be broadband.
9. It is best not to change the position of the original sewer and floor drain. If you can't change it well, it is the easiest to flood.
10, once the electrical pipeline is laid and before the groove is sealed, workers are required to draw a circuit diagram.
1 1. During the construction, we still try to see it. If there is a problem, we will ask the workers to correct it immediately, fearing that it will be too late to correct it after the next process is completed, thus saving the trouble of wrangling for rework.
12. In order to save electricity, please accurately plan the sockets of weak power-consuming appliances (such as TV, DVD player, microwave oven, air conditioner, DVD player, etc.). ). DD in standby state without unplugging the plug is best equipped with a switch socket panel, because the electricity consumed in standby state cannot be read by ordinary meters, but it will be read by time-sharing meters.
13. After the conduit is put on, the conduit in the trough should be sealed, and the junction box should be sealed firmly with cement mortar. The joint is slightly lower than the wall surface by about 0.5cm, and it should be kept straight. The master said that although the transformation of this socket wire is so simple now, the stress on threading can be more than that. High-power appliances such as air conditioners should be wired separately, and now general communication lines should also be wired. When wiring, the communication line should not walk with the pipeline of the power line, and the spacing should be kept above 50 cm, otherwise electromagnetic interference will occur.
If you want to know more relevant information, you can continue to pay attention to the 1 home network.