Many people think that it is a trivial matter how to reserve and embed water and electricity in the construction. If it is not embedded well, there is always a way to solve it. It's really good. However, if the reserved embedment is done well, it will play a multiplier role in the subsequent construction. Frequently Asked Questions about Pre-embedding in Hydropower Installation Frequently Asked Questions about Pre-embedding in Electrical Engineering The specification stipulates that the distance between the switch and the door is 15-20cm, and some embedded parts are not controlled within this range, and the error of the same position of the standard floor cannot exceed 0.5cm. In this case, the height of the socket and the height of the switch are controlled. The horizontal distance between the high voltage box and the weak voltage box on the wall is generally 50cm. According to the design instructions between roofs, but generally it should be greater than 20cm, which will not meet the requirements in construction. When embedded, the transition box was not added according to the following requirements. The transition box between two embedded boxes shall be set according to the following requirements: when there is no bypass, there is one bend when it is not more than 30m, two bends when it is not more than 20m, and three bends when it is not more than 15m. The transition box between the two embedded boxes is set as follows: 30m when the conductor section is less than 50mm2, 20m when the conductor section is less than 70-95mm2, and 120-240mm2 when the conductor section is less than 18m. The embedded box is not firmly fixed, and the packing in the box is not tightly sealed. The frame is not close to the template, nor is it horizontal or vertical. When the conduit is embedded, there are too many overlapping layers of the conduit, generally no more than 3 layers. When the boxes walk side by side, they should be crowded together and separated by a certain distance. When the catheter is embedded, the bending degree is less than 90 degrees. The junction box is not fastened. After unscrewing the screws, KBG and other pipes should also be wrapped with tape to prevent the pipes from being blocked when pouring concrete. After the box on the shear wall was embedded, it was not carefully checked after the civil seal. Causing the junction box and conduit to be blocked. Sometimes embedded in plastic boxes and conduits. At this time, it is necessary to see whether the box and the catheter have collided with the opposite screws of the civil fixed template when sealing the mold. If there is a collision, deal with it immediately. The structure of civil engineering is not clear, which leads to the fact that the embedded pipes are not together with the corresponding walls, and some of them deviate greatly, which leads to the later repair. When some conduits are embedded, it is also necessary to consider whether there is a sound insulation board on the inner wall, especially on the wall of the elevator shaft. After civil form removal, the embedded box was not cleaned in time. After cleaning, the wire box of the iron box was not brushed with antirust paint in time to protect the finished product. As a result, the pre-embedded boxes were not cleaned up when plastering, which led to smashing walls and floors everywhere to find boxes, or even finding them, and re-piping. When embedding, there is no jumper where jumper is needed. Lightning protection downlead is not well marked. High-rise buildings with design requirements shall be implemented according to the design requirements. If there is no design requirement, a equalizing ring shall be set every three floors from the first floor of the building. Equalizing rings can be welded and connected into rings by using steel bars in beams. Steel bar diameter is not less than? 12mm, and the equalizing ring and down lead shall be welded reliably. When the building height is more than 30m, larger metal objects such as steel frames, external railings, metal doors and windows of 30m and above are connected with lightning protection devices directly or through buried iron in metal doors and windows to prevent side lightning strikes. Common problems of water supply and drainage reservation and embedment The reserved hole is not big enough, which leads to too many smashing in the later period. Here, we should pay special attention to the situation that a high-rise building should reserve holes from the ground floor to the roof. Generally, it is enough to reserve a hole twice as big as the reserved pipe, but in the case of high-rise buildings, try to leave a bigger hole. Because there must be errors when each layer is reserved, the more layers, the greater the error accumulation. The thickness of the insulation board of the civil external wall is not considered when the reserved hole of the balcony rainwater pipe or drainage pipe is reserved. Other reserved holes are reserved without considering the plastering thickness of civil works. Including the reserved holes in the bathroom, don't consider the thickness of plastering, but also consider the thickness of ceramic tiles. Some pipes are not wrapped when they are embedded, such as the fire elevator in the basement. The embedded pipes usually go straight to the sump. When embedded, the two ends of the pipeline were not wrapped properly, which led to the concrete entering the blocked pipeline. Some spray pipes pass through the beam, so holes cannot be left as usual for the sake of beauty. Because of the error, the supervisor may not be able to make a straight line in the end, so the reserved hole behind the supervisor should be slightly larger. The toilet water supply pipe is not allowed to open a horizontal slot before the structural acceptance. This problem can be changed in the blue prints.the design. As shown in figure 4. Before the reserved hole of the toilet drain pipe is reserved, the construction unit should make clear whether it is constructed according to the drawings or the construction unit has other requirements, preferably in writing. It is suggested that the reserved hole in the bathroom be made into a cone, which can solve the following problems: a. The bucket with the reserved hole is easy to pull out. B. It can better solve the leakage problem of plugging holes. It is also desirable to keep the finished casing. Frequently asked questions about reservation and embedment of ventilation and air conditioning system The reserved hole of the pipeline does not consider the thickness of the pipeline to be insulated, resulting in that the reserved hole is not large enough. The reserved hole in the air duct is not big enough. Measures and methods for reserving and embedding hydropower equipment. Personally, I think it is related to the following factors. Responsibility and experience of on-site construction personnel For on-site construction personnel, they should be familiar with the drawings before reserving embedded parts, so as to be sure. Then it should be compared with the structural drawing and architectural drawing of civil engineering, because the structural drawing shows some big holes, so it should be compared whether there are any omissions in the structural drawing and whether the size and elevation meet the construction requirements. It was once found in the construction that the installed air duct is 600*400, and the reserved hole in the civil structure diagram is 600*400. At this time, our installation technicians should communicate with the installation designer, so that the installation design and structural design can be negotiated, and it is best for the structural design to send the design changes to the construction unit. In general, it is recommended to leave a hole 5- 10cm larger than each side of the front air duct. If it is an insulated air duct, the thickness of air duct insulation should also be considered. In addition, when pre-embedding is reserved, especially in some basements and places with dense pipelines, it is also necessary to consider whether the pipelines can pass through the reserved holes. For high-rise buildings, pipes should be installed vertically in a straight line, especially some open pipes, such as drainage pipes on balconies. At this time, it is necessary to leave the reserved hole bigger. Even with the increase of story height and error, the pipeline can be finally made into a straight line without cutting and polishing the reserved holes, which wastes manpower. There are also standard balcony lights, which should be marked with dimensions before embedding, and then each floor should be embedded with this dimension, so that after the lamps are installed, the balcony lights with the same axis are in a straight line from the outside. Includes coaxial switches and sockets in the standard layer. When building a roof, sometimes we need to embed some sleeves that pass through the roof, and maybe the reserved length will be marked on the design drawing. At this time, we will consider that in general, the casing is more than 30cm higher than the final finished surface of the roof, and the concrete thickness of the roof structure is about 12- 15cm. Almost all roofs should be insulated, and the insulation thickness, waterproof and equal thickness are generally 30cm. At this time, the length of our roof cover should be reserved. Some pipes are made by leaving holes in the beams when the water spray pipes are left with holes. According to the specification requirements, the reserved hole size is two steps larger than the pipe size. But the pipeline must be made into a straight line, and there will always be errors in the reserved holes. Therefore, in this case, it is suggested that reserved holes should be added in the design when the blue prints.the design. If reserved according to the specification, it is possible that the spray pipe will not be made into a straight line. Therefore, in the pre-burying, in addition to the sense of responsibility of the site construction personnel, you must also have some experience. When pre-embedding is reserved, the quality of pre-embedded materials is also very important. For example, in the construction of high-rise buildings, if plastic pipes are used for electrical distribution, there are light, medium and heavy plastic pipes for electrical distribution, and the plastic pipes for electrical distribution of high-rise buildings are generally heavy. If it is used up, the probability of blockage is estimated to be greater. Therefore, the quality of the material is also very important when embedding. After all, the quality of the installation of the labor service team is ultimately completed by the workers, so the quality of the labor service team is also very important when the embedded parts are reserved. If it is a mature labor service team, it will definitely be better to reserve and embed. He will know the control elevation, the casing is firmly fixed and filled and bandaged, the position of the lamp holder is accurate, and the line is added to the box as required. After civil form removal, the reserved holes and boxes should be found out quickly and cleaned up. When fixing, the nail will be pulled out and painted with antirust paint. The seal of the seal is closed. When the civil engineering reserves the embedded fit, the civil engineering cooperation is also very important. First, provide accurate elevation in time, which should be consistent with the construction elevation in the future. This will play a key role in the future installation of pipes, sockets and switches. The second is to provide the working face in time. Some civil works did not provide the working face in time, and finally the installation was required to be completed in a short time, sometimes even like driving a duck to the shelf. This will also affect the quality of reserved embedment. Third, the management of civil engineering labor force. It will be better to reserve embedded installation if the civil engineering manages the civil engineering labor force well. Fourth, the changes of civil engineering are provided to the installation in time. Let the installation know the changes of civil works in time and see if the installation needs to be modified accordingly. Conclusion In the construction, we should overcome the above common problems, carefully select experienced management team, meet the material quality standards, select labor team and cooperate closely with all parties. With everyone's efforts, we will be able to reserve and embed water and electricity installation in the building. Lay a solid foundation for subsequent construction.
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