Question 2: What are flat feet like? (analyze) the symptoms of a disease
1. Postural flat feet:
There is no abnormality in the appearance of the arch at the initial stage, but after walking and fatigue, the foot feels tired and painful, sometimes the ankle outside the calf feels pain, the center of the sole and instep can swell, the scaphoid tubercle is swollen and tender, the local skin can be red, and the foot movement varus is slightly limited. When standing, put your feet flat and evert. After rest, symptoms and signs can disappear. police
2. Spastic flatfoot:
It is very common among young people, and some of them are caused by improper handling of postural flat feet. Mainly due to severe pain when standing or walking, it can be a figure-of-eight gait. The peroneal longus muscle showed tonic spasm, and the foot varus and abduction activities were limited. Heel widening, plantar valgus, Achilles tendon outward deflection, forefoot abduction, scaphoid tubercle completely collapsed and protruded inward. In severe cases, the feet will be stiff. Fixed in eversion, abduction and dorsal extension, the activity was obviously limited. Even if you rest for a long time, it is difficult to improve your symptoms. Some patients may have low back pain, hip pain and knee pain.
Edit the pathological reasons of this paragraph.
The main reasons are: (1) genetic factors; (2) Congenital foot deformity; (3) foot trauma or chronic strain; (4) The muscle strength inside or outside the foot is weak or paralyzed and spasmodic. (5) external eight characters; (6) Heel valgus; (7) x-shaped legs; (8) hallux valgus; (9) obesity; (10) The aging body degenerates; (1 1) Bone grows too fast during development; (12) malnutrition; (13) penetrates the hard bottom for a long time; Clinically, it can be divided into postural flatfoot and spastic flatfoot. The main clinical manifestations are foot pain or discomfort when standing or walking for a long time, heel valgus, flat foot and forefoot abduction when standing, swelling and tenderness at scaphoid tubercle to relieve rest, and spastic flat foot in the later stage, which may cause complications of osteoarthritis. Some patients have family history. The disease may occur in children and young people. If it is congenital, it will appear after 10 years old. Often induced by various injuries, fatigue, obesity, etc., more common on both sides. The focus of this disease is prevention. Generally, non-surgical treatment can be effective, and a few patients need surgical treatment, which can also achieve good results. Most patients with poor curative effect have not received formal treatment or are accompanied by complications and complications. The diagnosis is based on 1. Some patients have a family history or a history of congenital foot deformity or injury. 2. When standing or walking for a long time, the foot is painful or uncomfortable, the heel is everted and the foot is flat, the forefoot is everted, and the scaphoid tubercle is swollen and tender, and rest can be alleviated or disappeared. In the later stage, it is spastic flat feet, and the rest time is long, and the symptoms are difficult to improve. 3. The standing X-ray film of the foot showed that the scaphoid tubercle completely collapsed and the distance from the load-bearing process increased. Draw a line from the bottom of calcaneal tubercle to the bottom of bone at the first distance, and draw a vertical line from scaphoid tubercle, the length of which is mostly less than 1cm.
Edit this complex function
Complications of flat feet usually occur after puberty. Due to the rapid increase of weight and activity, the soft tissue of the foot is repeatedly overloaded, which leads to chronic foot muscle strain tendinitis (especially tendinitis of the posterior tibial muscle), plantar fasciitis and plantar pain.
Edit this treatment.
Principles of treatment
Surgical treatment. It is not very common, and there is a certain risk of surgery. It is best to go to a big hospital to find an experienced foot and ankle surgeon. Surgical correction is mainly aimed at congenital severe patients to improve the quality of life.
Second, orthopedic shoes. Orthopedic shoes's function is to correct the position of the gravity line, make the gravity line deviate from the arch of the foot, and reduce the pressure on the arch of the foot. The requirement is that the inner thickness side of the sole is slightly higher than that of the outer side, so that the stress on the outer side of the foot is greater and the pressure on the inner longitudinal arch is reduced. In recent years, negative heel shoes have appeared, and the soles are high in the front and low in the back. On this basis, moving the gravity line backward to the heel with the strongest bearing capacity can reduce the arch pressure to the greatest extent. Heel shoes are more common in America. The arch bearing capacity of patients with flat feet is poor. In principle, don't put pressure on the arch. Try to avoid wearing shoes with heels, including middle heels and wedge heels. A slight shift in the center of gravity will double the pressure on the arch. Most acquired flatfeet are caused by wearing shoes with heels. Among the ethnic groups with shoes, there are almost no flat feet. In daily life, the height of the heel is directly proportional to the probability of flat feet. A recent survey shows that teenagers' flat feet have increased by 20%, and the most direct reason is that teenagers wear shoes with heels for a long time. Many people think that middle heel shoes are good for health, but they are regarded as pseudoscience in scientific circles. Compared with high-heeled shoes, middle-heeled shoes are harmful to feet ... >>
Question 3: What are the so-called "flat feet"? How is it formed? Flat foot, commonly known as "duck's paw", means that when the foot stands or steps on the ground, the medial longitudinal arch collapses or disappears, and the sole of the foot becomes flat or even flat on the ground. The relationship between flat foot and normal foot There are three arches on the sole of a person's foot, which form an arch structure, provide moderate elasticity and torsion, and cushion the ground reaction force on the foot when walking or jumping, thus achieving the effect of shock absorption. There is also the function of distributing the load, which can evenly distribute the weight of the body to all points on the soles of the feet, so that we can maintain balance and stability when standing, and the center of gravity can be smoothly transferred to all correct positions when walking, so that we can carry out various running and jumping activities at will. The "medial longitudinal arch" is located between the first metatarsal bone and the rear heel and consists of five bones (the first metatarsal bone, the first cuneiform bone, the scaphoid bone, the talus bone and the heel bone). The so-called "flat foot" refers to the downward displacement of the scaphoid, which leads to the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. When stepping on the ground, the medial longitudinal bow disappears and the hind foot will also appear "eversion". Arch from birth to the growth of two-year-old children, the soles of the feet are fat and the ligaments are slack, so the arch at this stage is not obvious. Between the ages of two and eight, with the gradual increase of children's exercise, the plantar pressure also increases. Coupled with the development of rough movements, life experience and the influence of the environment, the muscle strength will gradually mature and the plantar fascia will slowly bend to form the so-called "arch". The causes of flat feet are congenital factors: congenital tarsal adhesion, ligament relaxation, low muscle tension, or heredity. Acquired factor: 1. Lack of arch in childhood, lack of exercise and insufficient strength of foot muscles and ligaments, leading to dysplasia of arch. Children wearing shoes too early, or wearing inappropriate or incorrect shoes for a long time, are likely to cause flat feet. 2. Acquired adult flatfoot means that the arch of the foot is normal, but it disappears due to many different factors, including dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis of the middle foot, fracture, neuromuscular imbalance or tumor, etc. Among them, the dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon is the most common, and the degeneration or fracture of the posterior tibial tendon itself leads to the gradual disappearance of the arch of the foot. Or standing for a long time, lifting heavy objects, excessive weight lifting and long jump, as well as trauma, inflammation, nerve paralysis and so on. It will also cause biomechanical abnormalities of the foot and produce flat foot symptoms. Symptoms related to flatfoot 1. Childhood: most children with flat feet have no symptoms, but they will have arch collapse, easy to fall when walking, foot pain and fatigue, heel valgus, walking with an inside or outside figure, and the inner heel wears faster than the outer heel. 2. Adolescence: The complications of flat feet usually occur after puberty. Due to the sharp increase of weight and activity, the soft tissue of the foot is repeatedly overloaded, and at the same time, due to the collapse of the arch of the foot, the blood vessels and nerves of the sole are easily compressed, which makes the foot feel tired. Excessive stretching of the ligament of the foot usually leads to complications, such as chronic foot muscle strain, tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, plantar pain, calf pain and knee pain. In addition, asymmetric flat feet easily lead to long feet and short feet when standing, thus causing pelvic deformity and further worsening into scoliosis. Flat feet not only have ankle and gait problems, but also easily cause abnormal pronation of feet. When standing, I feel that the weight of my body is concentrated on the inside of my foot, and the calcaneus of my heel is tilted outward. At the same time, the hind foot will appear eversion, leading to eversion. 3. Adult and middle-aged period: The arch of the foot was normal originally, but it disappeared due to many different factors, and it has a high proportion in diabetes, hypertension, obesity, medial foot injury or surgery. At first, the patient suffered from pain and swelling in the medial ankle, especially when exercising. Later, the arch of the foot slowly began to disappear and he could not engage in some previous sports. Classification of flat feet Soft flat feet: Most flat feet collapse in the medial longitudinal arch when standing, but when suspended without load, the arch will reappear, which belongs to soft flat feet. Hard flat feet: Some feet have congenital abnormalities, such as tarsal adhesion, or some neuromuscular diseases, such as cerebral palsy. Whether standing or hanging, it is flat and belongs to hard flat feet. How to avoid the occurrence of flat feet 1 In the stage of children's development and growth, we should give more opportunities to exercise the muscles and ligaments of our feet. Usually try to reduce the time of wearing shoes and let the children walk barefoot at home. It is best to play barefoot on the grass or gravel. 2. Do more running and jumping actions, such as jumping on the trampoline, skipping rope, hopscotch and other bouncing games. Only the muscles and ligaments are moderate can the arch be good ... >>
Question 4: What do you mean by flat feet? The explanation of flat feet:
Refers to the reduction or collapse of the arch of the foot, and the foot center gradually flattens. It also refers to such a foot disease. Also known as flat feet.
Question 5: What kind of feet are flat feet? Flat feet mean that the arch of the foot disappears. The arch of foot is composed of foot bone and ligament muscle. Normally, it has a transverse arch and a longitudinal arch. The small bones of human feet are arched to form an arch. When the human body is standing, walking and carrying loads, the feet are not fully loaded, mainly the metatarsals and heels. The arch of the foot is often suspended to cushion the vibration, protect the brain and internal organs, and bounce well when touching people. If the structure forming the arch is underdeveloped or due to various injuries, the arch disappears and flat feet are formed. Some of them are hereditary. Some flat feet have no discomfort, and some have pain, which affects walking.
Prevention is the key to flat feet. Those who have a family history of flat feet should be prevented from childhood, wearing flat shoes, high heels or shoes with something in the middle. Don't go too far at ordinary times, the load is too heavy. Foot structural dysplasia, such as short first metatarsal, long scaphoid tubercle, accessory scaphoid, congenital toe valgus, etc. It is also easy to cause flat feet, and the above measures should be taken to prevent it. Teenagers should pay attention to nutrition and rest, and avoid standing and walking for too long and carrying too much weight. Patients with flat feet can strengthen plantar muscle exercise, flex the plantar, and let the outer edge of the plantar walk on the ground for 5 minutes, several times a day.
You also need to wear flat shoes to correct it. The heel and middle of the sole should be slightly narrower to make the heel more fixed and prevent the heel from swinging when walking. The medial part of the sole (i.e. the arch of the foot) is 5 ~ 10 mm thicker than the lateral part, so that the foot is slightly turned inward to prevent the foot from sinking inward from the bone, and the load line moves from the inner edge of the foot to the outer edge of the foot. Similar insole pads also have a good effect in shoes.
Seeing the term "flat feet", some young friends will think otherwise: isn't flat feet just flat feet? What big impact will such a small change in body structure have on health?
This view is not comprehensive. Flat feet mean the collapse of the arch, that is, the normal arch structure is destroyed, so the elasticity of the foot will decrease or disappear, resulting in the inability to walk or stand for a long time. At the same time, due to the flattening of the sole of the foot, the support of the lower limbs to the whole body is obviously reduced, and the center of gravity of the body is biased to the inside, thus forcing the functions of the whole body and the spine to change. Therefore, small feet will still have obvious adverse effects on people's health, especially physical strength and endurance.
Why do good archways collapse? There are many reasons.
Congenital bone hypoplasia is one of the causes of arch collapse. These teenagers usually have a short first metatarsal, a long second metatarsal, or a poorly developed scaphoid, so their muscle support is very low and their ligaments are unstable. There are also some teenagers with flat feet who have a family history. Their ligaments and muscles are underdeveloped, or their hereditary heel keys are too short to bear a little weight, that is, their arches collapse, and most of the time they just learn to walk.
Improper load-bearing causes ligament strain of arch, which is another reason for arch collapse. Standing on hard ground for a long time; Rural teenagers take part in manual labor too early, and their negative weight exceeds their arch load capacity; Sudden participation in hiking and other activities without training; Obesity or overweight; Often wear too narrow or high heels. , and often cause flat feet.
Poor physique is also an important cause of arch collapse. Such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, heart disease and some chronic wasting diseases. It often causes muscular dystrophy and atrophy, and the ligaments are slender and slack, which also leads to a slight load. Walking a long distance will cause the arch of the foot to collapse. The incidence of flatfoot is also high among the adolescents with "physical dysplasia syndrome" who are slender and muscular.
Adolescence is the highest stage of flat feet. The reason is that the height and weight of teenagers are suddenly increasing at this time; At the peak of the sudden increase, the height can be increased by 10 ~ 15 cm, the weight can be increased by 8 ~ 10 kg, and the negative weight of the body is greatly increased within one year. However, the development of muscles (especially foot muscles) often lags behind 1 ~ 2 years. In other words, the increase of arch load and the growth of the body often have an uncomfortable period. At this time, if the load is too heavy or the static activity time (such as standing) is too long, the balance between weight and muscle strength to maintain the arch will be lost, resulting in the collapse of the arch. Of course, those teenagers who often engage in physical exercise rarely have flat feet.
In order to effectively prevent and treat flatfoot, we should first try to eliminate all kinds of living environment factors that are easy to cause ligament strain and muscle fatigue of the foot. For example, when standing or walking for a long time, take a proper rest or change in the middle; Teenagers who are not fully developed should avoid taking part in overloaded labor (such as carrying heavy objects) and sports (such as weightlifting); Those who don't get proper exercise shouldn't suddenly take long walks ... >>