The head of a poisonous snake is generally triangular;
The head of a non-venomous snake is usually oval.
2, from the snake pattern color to distinguish:
The color of the back lines of poisonous snakes is generally bright;
Non-venomous snake patterns are generally not bright in color.
3. Distinguish from the ecological habits of snakes:
Poisonous snakes generally don't run away when they find people, or they don't climb fast when they run away;
Non-poisonous snakes will flee immediately after they find people, and they will crawl very fast.
4, from the snake bite wounds to identify:
The tooth marks left by non-poisonous snakes are very small, arranged in two rows in a figure of eight;
Two large and deep tooth marks are common on the skin after being bitten by a poisonous snake. ?
The most fundamental difference is that non-poisonous snakes have no fangs and glands, while poisonous snakes have fangs and glands.
Extended data:
There are more than 40 species of poisonous snakes in China, most of which are distributed in the vast provinces south of the Yangtze River. Most of the poisonous snake bites occur in summer and autumn. Snake venom can be divided into three categories according to its nature: neurotoxicity, blood circulation toxicity and mixed toxicity.
Bungarus multicinctus, Bungarus multicinctus and sea snakes mainly contain neurotoxins. After the patient is bitten, there is no inflammation in the wound, only slight tingling, slight itching, numbness and hypoesthesia, which will often delay the diagnosis and treatment.
Symptoms of systemic poisoning appear later, usually starting at 1-6 hours after bite. Once it appears, the disease develops rapidly, and symptoms such as general malaise, dizziness, dyspnea and blurred vision may appear. If not rescued in time, it may be life-threatening.
Agkistrodon halys, Agkistrodon acutus, bamboo leaf green, etc. After the patient was bitten, the local wound was red and swollen, with severe pain and bleeding, and the swelling quickly spread to the upper end of the limb, often with blisters and ecchymosis. Severe poisoning can cause blood pressure drop, arrhythmia, oliguria and anuria, and finally die of circulatory failure.
Cobra, king cobra and viper mainly contain mixed poison. After the patient was bitten, the wound was red, swollen and painful, and the scope expanded rapidly. The wound bled little, but it soon healed and turned black.
There are blood bubbles around the wound. Symptoms of systemic poisoning appear 2-6 hours after the bite, and usually include drowsiness, vomiting, chills, dysphagia, language disorder and arrhythmia.
Snakes mostly live in cool and humid places. Generally, they don't take the initiative to attack people, and only bite when they are trampled or collided by pedestrians.
When encountering natural disasters (such as floods), snakes will flee to a safe place to meet people, and then they will be bitten by snakes. In order to avoid being bitten by snakes, you should try to avoid places where snakes haunt. If you have to walk through these places, you should also avoid the grassy areas. It is best to walk on the bare stone floor. Wear pants and shoes to cover your feet
First aid measures:
Prevent the spread and absorption of venom;
After being bitten by a poisonous snake, don't panic and run around, which will promote the rapid spread of venom throughout the body.
The injured person should immediately sit down or lie down, call for help by himself or others, and quickly tie the proximal end of the wound with ropes such as shoelaces and belts that can be found. If your finger is bitten, you can prick your finger root; Bites on the palm or forearm can bind the elbow joint; Biting toes can bind toe roots; Bites of feet or calves can be bound under the knee joint;
Bite marks on the thigh can bind the root of the thigh. The purpose of binding is only to block the venom from flowing back into the heart through veins and lymph, and does not hinder the supply of arterial blood, which is different from the purpose of hemostasis.
Therefore, the ligature need not be too tight, and its tightness should be controlled to slightly weaken the arterial pulsation of lower limbs. After ligation, it should be released every 30 minutes, each time 1-2 minutes, so as not to affect blood circulation and cause tissue necrosis.
Quickly eliminate venom:
Immediately wash the wound and surrounding skin with cold boiled water, spring water, soapy water or 1:5000 potassium solution to wash off the venom on the wound surface.
If there are fangs left in the wound, it should be quickly picked out with a sharp instrument such as a knife or broken glass, and it is best to disinfect it with fire before use.
Make a cross incision with the tooth marks as the center, go deep under the skin, and then repeatedly squeeze from the proximal end of the limb to the wound direction and around the wound to urge the venom to be discharged from the cut wound, and wash the wound with clear water while squeezing. Washing and squeezing must last for 20-30 minutes.
After that, if you carry a teacup with you, you can cupping. First, a small group of paper is lit in the teacup, and then the cup mouth is quickly buckled on the wound, so that the cup mouth is close to the skin around the wound, and the venom is sucked out by the negative pressure generated in the cup.
If you don't have a teacup, you can also suck the wound with your mouth to detoxify, but the mouth and lips of the sucker must be free from damage and dental caries, otherwise there is a danger of poisoning. Spit out the sucked venom immediately, and rinse your mouth with clear water after sucking.
After the detoxification is completed, the wound should be wet to facilitate the outflow of venom. It must be noted that snake venom is a highly toxic substance, which can kill people in a very small amount. Never refuse to cut and detoxify the wound for fear of pain.
If you bring snake medicine with you, you can take it orally immediately to relieve the toxicity in the body. Thirsty patients can give enough water to drink, but they must not give alcoholic drinks to prevent toxins from spreading faster.
The wounded who have been cut and detoxified should be sent to the hospital for further treatment on stretchers and vehicles as soon as possible to avoid serious situations that cannot be handled in the wild. Eliminate the patient's nervousness and keep quiet during the transfer.
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