1. Must-bring equipment
Backpack
The size of the backpack is directly related to the number of days of survival in the wild, and should generally not be less than 50 liters. Shown in the picture is the original LC-2 military backpack of the US military, with a volume of 49 liters. Its advantage is that it adopts an outer frame structure, which dissipates heat between the bag and the human body's back. The adjustable shoulder straps and S waistband make the bag easy to balance. The outer frame is also convenient for hanging sleeping bags and other items, which is a basic method for fixed-point storage.
Ropes
The biggest purpose of traveling in the wilderness is to take the road that has not been traveled before. In some places, there are no roads at all. At this time, ropes are extremely important. Special climbing ropes and locks are the best, but the price is high. However, you can go to a nearby building materials store to see that the safety ropes and locks used by construction workers are high-quality and low-cost substitutes. Generally, the length of a climbing rope is about 20m. Mountain climbing is different from rock climbing. Cliffs exceeding 10m are "forbidden areas" for ordinary people.
Hiking shoes
When it comes to outdoor survival shoes, many friends will think of sports shoes. In some places, sports shoes are simply called "travel shoes." In fact, there are many types of sports shoes, including basketball shoes, tennis shoes, running shoes, multi-functional shoes and outdoor shoes. In addition to outdoor products, Vietnam War jungle combat boots, which have rubber soles and anti-thorn steel plates, genuine leather uppers and cotton waists, are non-slip and breathable, and can Excellent protection for feet and ankle bones.
Flashlights and Glow Sticks
Everyone knows the function of a flashlight. A flashlight for outdoor survival requires an illumination distance of not less than 50m, a battery life of not less than 5 hours, and a flashlight itself of at least It is waterproof up to 30m deep, and the flashlight is equipped with a spare bulb. The PETZL flashlight shown in the picture not only cannot meet the above requirements, but the flashlight can also be worn on the head through the attachment, freeing the hands of night walkers to do other things, which is very convenient.
Fluorescent sticks are lightweight, compact, have long glowing time and low cost. They can be used as a light source for lighting or calling for help in practical applications. The glow time of fluorescent sticks can currently range from 4 hours to 48 hours. When using, gently bend the fluorescent rod, break the glass tube in the plastic tube, and shake it gently. The liquid in the glow stick is inedible and has a certain adhesiveness. If it leaks: it is easy to contaminate furniture, floors, clothing, skin, etc. If the above situation occurs, it must be cleaned in time; if the liquid in the fluorescent stick enters the eyes, it must be washed with clean water or seek medical treatment in time.
Compass
Currently, almost every military store sells compasses of different formats, ranging from a simple liquid-filled compass that can be worn on a watch. As large as a horizontal compass used in geological exploration. When venturing into the wild, it is recommended to use a special compass. The picture shows the military type 65 compass, which has multiple functions such as pointing, distance measurement, angle measurement, and map scale distance measurement. In fact, the north compass is most effective when used in conjunction with the corresponding map. You should fully understand how to use the north compass before setting off.
Survival whistle?
It is just an ordinary military whistle, but in the wilderness, if the person in danger calls out "help" to attract the attention of the rescuers, it will not reach the rescuers' attention. You will shout until you are hoarse in 15 minutes, and a small plastic whistle can be blown as long as there is still breath. Moreover, when exploring the way out and looking for water sources, the pre-agreed whistle length and different combinations are all The most convenient and simplest communication method for close contact in the wild.
The American Leatherman WAVE combination tool pliers, a small survival tool combination, is the best choice for field work. Shown in the picture below is the "Swiss Champion" multi-purpose utility knife, which has 42 functions. It is called the "treasure box" of field workers. It is recommended to use it with the original leather knife sheath. Because of its small size, it can be used Hang it around your waist to avoid rummaging around in your backpack when you need the combo tool urgently in the field.
Survival knife
Survival knife, full keel, qualified heat treatment, length 20~24cm, no back teeth and other multi-functional tools (the more functions, the less reliable the performance).
Watch
Compared with ordinary watches, outdoor survival watches should be at least waterproof and have luminous function in addition to being accurate. In addition to meeting the above conditions, the watch in the picture also has a real-time direction measurement function and an automatic air pressure measurement function every 2 hours (260hpa ~ 1100hpa, that is, 0.26 ~ 1.1 atmosphere). According to the air pressure change memory map, we can understand the future climate change. Functions, -10 to 60 degrees temperature measurement function, -700 to 10000m altitude measurement function, 1/100 stopwatch function and many other functions, so this watch is also called a "waist climbing computer".
Communication Tools
Mobile phones are relatively common in China now, but as outdoor adventure activities, the scope of activities are mostly in sparsely populated areas, and mobile phone signals may not be covered. At the same time, they are frequently used for outdoor communications. Cell phones are also uneconomical. The small walkie-talkie shown in the picture is powered by 3 AA dry batteries. The same number of rechargeable batteries can also be used. The communication distance is 3~5km in the open field. It has 12 channels and LCD lighting. It is small in size, light in weight and has good call quality. Features, it is the first choice for outdoor hiking.
Tent
In the wild, the main function of a tent is to prevent wind, cold, avoid insects and small animals, ensure that the user can get a good and sufficient sleep, and play a vital role in maintaining the user's sleep quality. Physical strength plays a vital role, and the most common outdoor tents have a "human" shape.
There are various styles such as dome type. Users should choose the appropriate type according to the season and climate of the area they are going to, and learn how to build it before departure. The picture shows a dome-shaped double-layer tent for two people, which is windproof, moisture-proof, and mosquito-proof, and is suitable for all seasons.
Sleeping bags and moisture-proof pads
Sleeping bags have different filling materials inside to achieve different thermal insulation effects. Users should choose sleeping bags with different thermal insulation effects according to the temperature of the area they are going to. . A sleeping bag for outdoor survival must at least meet the basic functional requirements of being moisture-proof, moisture-containing and breathable, light in weight, and small in size. In addition to meeting the above requirements, the down sleeping bag shown in the title picture also has a removable inner lining for easy cleaning and use. The moisture-proof pad is coated with a metal film on one side and has many uses besides being moisture-proof.
Fire-making tools
In the wild, there are many ways to make fire. For example, remove the convex lens of the telescope and use it to easily light newspapers in the sunny countryside. It is used in the wild. The main tools for making fire are matches or lighters. The matches shown in the picture are outdoor windproof matches and outdoor waterproof matches. Windproof matches should be held by the wooden stem of the match when using them to avoid burning your fingers. When traveling in the wild, windproof lighters are recommended. Its simple structure and reliable performance are also loved by experts.
Kettle
Some people have done tests. An ordinary person can survive for about 30 days without food, but can only survive for up to 7 days without water at the same time. This shows that The importance of water to wilderness survivors. An ordinary person must consume at least 2 liters of drinking water every day. This is also the basic basis for preparing drinking water for wilderness activities. The kettle in the picture is made of aluminum alloy, with a capacity of 1.5 liters. The lower end of the kettle is equipped with an aluminum alloy lunch box, which is just big enough to cook a bag of instant noodles, which is very practical.
Telescopes
Being in the wild, observing wild animals and plants, looking for water sources, determining the direction of action, etc. are all indispensable without a telescope. The magnification of the telescope used for field observation should generally be between 7-12 times. And the maximum objective lens diameter should not be less than 35mm, because the observation distance of a telescope with less than 7 times is limited, and the telescope with more than 12 times shakes too much when holding it for observation. The Russian-made 12*45 military telescope in the picture has an all-aluminum alloy mirror body. The mirror is filled with nitrogen and has reticles, which can facilitate distance measurement while observing.
Radio
In the wild, a small radio may be the only channel for you to understand information about the civilized world behind you. News and weather should be what you care about, midnight tent Inside, the singing voice coming from the radio may make you unforgettable for the rest of your life. The radio in the picture has two bands, AM/FM, and the computer can automatically search for channels. In addition to headphones, it also has an external speaker. The headphone cable is also a soft whip antenna, which is especially suitable for use in the wild.
Camera
The infinite scenery is on the dangerous peaks. With the popularization of photography technology, everyone hopes to take photos or DV (digital video) videos of the wild adventure process for future reference. Friends, enjoy this wonderful time. Before traveling, you should make sure that the camera or viewfinder has sufficient power, and that the film and viewfinder have backups. The camera in the picture is only about the size of a pack of cigarettes. It is made of magnesium alloy and has a 28mm wide-angle lens. It has two exposure modes: automatic exposure and aperture priority exposure. The exposure is adjustable by ±2 stops. The viewfinder can also display shutter speed and other information.
Backup food
For food for outdoor activities, a food carrying plan should be made according to personal taste and specific itinerary. These foods should not only satisfy the hunger, but also provide the necessary calories for outdoor activities. , because many unexpected situations may occur at any time in the wild, so backup food is essential just in case. The 90% compressed dry food shown in the title picture is made of flour, white sugar, refined oil, glucose powder, milk powder, refined salt, ginsenoside and other raw materials. It has a net weight of 250g and can provide 5248KJ of calories.
The above are some commonly used equipment for outdoor survival activities. Others include tools, first aid kits and other items. With the above commonly used equipment, except for one less rifle, your basic equipment can be almost the same as regular equipment. The army is comparable. However, this does not mean that you can do whatever you want in the wild. Please remember that we are children of nature and we must always have a sense of "reverence" for nature. Caring for and respecting nature is the basis for ensuring the smooth progress of outdoor survival activities. .
2. Survival methods
Looking for water sources
With your sensitive hearing organs, pay more attention to whether there are mountain streams or streams at the foot of mountains, mountain streams, cliffs, basins, valley bottoms, etc. The sound of flowing water from the waterfall, the sound of frogs and the calls of water birds, etc. If you can hear these sounds, it means that you are not far from a water source, and it can prove that the water source here is flowing water and can be drank directly. But special attention should be paid to not mistaking the sound of leaves blowing in the wind as the sound of running water. After sniffing, you can smell the smell of moisture as much as possible, or the smell of earthy mud and water plants brought by the wind. Then follow the direction of the smell to find the water source. Of course this requires a certain amount of experience.
Observation is based on rich experience and knowledge. You can also find water sources by observing animals, plants, weather, climate and geographical environment. Determine the level of groundwater levels based on topography (geographical environment). For example, there is often groundwater at the foot of mountains, and the groundwater level is high in low-lying areas, where rainwater is concentrated, and downstream of reservoirs. Also, underneath the dry river bed.
At the lowest point outside the bend of the river, water can be found by digging down for a few meters. However, there is a lot of mud and it needs to be purified before it can be drunk.
Using sleeping bags
There are tricks to sleeping bags. People who don't know how to "sleep" will feel cold even if they use an alpine sleeping bag (minus 35 degrees) at normal low temperatures (minus 5 degrees), so how can they sleep warmer? When using a sleeping bag, there are many external factors that affect the performance of the sleeping bag. It should be noted that the sleeping bag itself does not generate heat. It only effectively reduces body temperature loss. The following conditions will help you sleep warmer. Shelter from wind and moisture In the wild, a windproof tent can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing a campsite, do not choose a valley bottom, where cold air gathers, and try to avoid ridges or valleys that are exposed to strong winds. A good moisture-proof pad can effectively separate the sleeping bag from the cold and wet ground. Inflatable ones are even better. Two ordinary moisture-proof pads are needed on snow.
Keep the sleeping bag dry. The moisture absorbed by the sleeping bag does not mainly come from the outside world, but from the human body. Even in extremely cold conditions, the human body will still discharge at least a small cup of water during sleep. When the insulation cotton gets wet, it will stick to each other and lose its elasticity, and its thermal insulation capacity will decrease. If the sleeping bag is used for many days, it is best to dry it in the sun. Cleaning your sleeping bag regularly will keep the insulation flexible.
Wear more clothes. Some softer clothes can double as thickened pajamas. Filling the gap between the person and the sleeping bag can also enhance the warmth of the sleeping bag.
Warm up before going to bed. The human body is the source of heat for the sleeping bag. For example, doing a short warm-up exercise or drinking a hot drink before going to bed will slightly increase the body temperature and help shorten the warming time of the sleeping bag.
Prepare a first aid kit
In the wild, no one can predict what will happen. A first aid kit can prolong your life, so be sure to carry it with you. The first aid box stores the following items for basic first aid:
① Bandages come in different widths and materials to deal with different areas and types of injuries.
Generally: gauze rolling strip bandage: suitable for treating general wounds, mainly used as a fixed dressing. Elastic rolling bandage: It is elastic. In addition to being used to treat wounds, it can also be used to treat general strains, sprains, varicose veins and other injuries to stabilize the injured limb and reduce swelling. Triangular bandage: Triangular bandage can be used in its entirety or folded into bandages of different widths. Usually used as a hand hanger to support the upper limbs. ②The dressing is made of several layers of gauze and has a flexible texture. It is mainly used to cover wounds and absorb secretions; for wounds with heavy bleeding and secretions, the coverage can be thickened.
③ Dressing package The dressing package consists of a cotton pad and a rolling bandage. Cover the wound with a cotton pad (i.e. dressing) and secure it with the included rolling bandage.
④Disinfectant potions introduce the uses of several commonly used disinfectant potions:
1. Gentian violet (purple potion): accelerates wound scabbing and wound healing.
2. Mercurochrome (red solution): protects wounds and has antibacterial effects.
3. Alcohol and iodine: used for surface disinfection of non-mucosal wounds. It cannot be used to disinfect wounds.
4. Hydrogen peroxide: used for basic disinfection of contaminated mucous membranes or broken wounds.
⑤Clean cotton balls are used to clean wounds. Dip them in disinfectant before use.
⑥Disinfectant tape: usually used to treat smaller wounds. Before applying the tape, you must make sure that the skin around the wound is dry and clean, otherwise it will not stick firmly. ⑦Adhesive tape: used to fix dressings, rolling bandages or triangular bandages
⑧Various pills: such as Contac, Ganmaotong, Berberine, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets, Biliton, Huoxiang Zhengqi Pills, Wei Medicines, etc.
⑨Snake medicine: vacuum poison extractor, Shanghai snake medicine, Ji Desheng snake medicine
⑩Others: eye drops, ten thousand flower oil, hemostatic patch, cooling oil, carminative oil wait.
Finding the route
The skills of finding the correct route must be accumulated through daily outdoor activities. For example: develop the habit of referring to maps and compasses at any time, and actively observe the surrounding terrain and plants around you to determine the correct location.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This is the most basic way to identify the direction. You can also use the stick shadow method to measure. When the sun is enough to form a shadow, erect a straight stick (more than 1 meter) on the flat ground, put a stone (or make other marks) on the top of the stick's shadow, and the stick The shadow will move with the movement of the sun. After 30-60 minutes, place another stone on top of the shadow of the stick again. Then draw a straight line between the two stones, and in the middle of this line draw a straight line that intersects it perpendicularly. Then step on the first marked point with your left foot and the second marked point with your right foot. At this time, the front of the standing person is due north, the back is due south, the right hand is east, and the left hand is west. If you get lost on a cloudy day, you can rely on the growth of moss on trees or stones to get your bearings. In terms of trees in the northern hemisphere, the south is where the leaves grow thickest. If you cut a tree, the side with wider growth rings and the side with moss is the north.
Use the stars:
In the northern hemisphere, Polaris is usually the target.
The key to using the North Star to identify directions at night is to accurately find the North Star in the vast sea of ??stars. There are many ways to know the North Star. Here is a simple and effective one: first look for the dipper-shaped Big Dipper. Extend the distance between the two stars on the handle of the dipper five times, and then you can find the North Star on this straight line. The stars on these two handles are generally called key planets.
If you cannot see the Big Dipper, look for the Cassiopeia constellation in the opposite direction. The Cassiopeia constellation is formed by five stars. They look like the shape of the English letter M or W tilted to one side. Draw a straight line from a star in the constellation Cassiopeia to find the North Star at almost the same distance from the Big Dipper to the North Star. The direction of Polaris is true north. Using a watch to check the direction: I want to know the direction but I don’t have a compass in my hand. In this case, you can use your watch to find your direction as long as the sun is shining.
Put the matchstick upright on the ground, and then place the watch horizontally on the ground. Overlap the shadow of the matchstick with the short hand. The direction of the twelve o'clock on the surface and the middle of the scale pointed by the short hand are south. , the opposite side is north. If you don’t have any matches, you can use small branches instead to make your shadows more accurate. If you are engaged in challenging survival activities, remember to wear a watch. At this time, an ordinary watch is more valuable than a digital watch. Because the hour and minute hands on an ordinary watch will become an important tool for survival when necessary.
Determining the direction
In the absence of standard equipment such as terrain maps and compasses, soldiers must master some methods of using natural features to determine the direction.
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It is very simple to use the sun to determine the direction
You can use a benchmark (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and place a stone on the benchmark The vertex of the shadow is A; about 10 minutes later, when the vertex of the benchmark shadow moves to B, place another stone. Connect two points A and B into a straight line. The direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the line AB is north-south, and the end facing the sun is south.
Use an analog watch to determine the direction of the sun. The method is: place the watch horizontally and face the sun at the position where the time indicated by the hour hand (in the 24-hour format) is halved. The direction indicated by the 12 o'clock scale on the dial is roughly north. If the current time is 16 o'clock, the 8 o'clock scale of the watch points to the sun, and the 12 o'clock scale points to the north.
When the weather is clear at night, you can use the North Star to determine the direction. To find the North Star, you must first find the bear constellation (that is, what we call the Big Dipper). The constellation consists of seven stars that begin like a spoon. After finding the Big Dipper, follow the line connecting the two stars A and B on the side of the spoon and extend towards the mouth of the spoon about 5 times the distance between the two stars A and B. The brighter star is the Polaris. The direction pointed by Polaris is north. You can also use the Cassiopeia constellation opposite the Big Dipper to find the North Star. The Cassiopeia constellation consists of 5 stars that are about the same brightness as the Big Dipper and are shaped like a W. Polaris can be found in front of the middle of the W-shaped gap, about twice the width of the entire gap.
Using surface features to determine orientation is a supplementary method. When used, it should be used flexibly according to different situations. Freestanding trees usually have leafy southern foliage and smooth bark. The growth ring lines on tree stumps are usually thinner in the south and denser in the north. The doors and windows of rural houses and the main entrances of temples usually open to the south. Snow on buildings, mounds, field ridges, and highlands usually melts faster in the south and slower in the north. The south side of large rocks, mounds, and big trees is densely covered with vegetation, while the north side is prone to moss.
When you lose your way in the wild, do not panic, but stop immediately, always calmly recall the path you have taken, try to re-orientate according to all possible signs, and then try again. Find the way. The most reliable method is to "find your way back" and return to the original starting point.
After losing your way in the mountains, you should first climb up and look far away to judge which direction you should go. You should usually walk in a low-lying direction so that you can easily encounter water sources, and it is safest to walk along the river. This is especially important in the forest. Because roads and residential areas are often built along waterfronts.
If you encounter a fork in the road and there are many roads that make you confused, you must first clarify the direction you want to go, and then choose the correct road. If several roads have roughly the same direction and cannot be determined, you should take the middle road first. This way you can get the best of both worlds, and even if you go the wrong way, you won't deviate too far.
Traveling methods
When traveling in mountains, in order to avoid losing direction, save energy, and increase travel speed, you should strive to have roads that do not go through forests and climb mountains, and if there are big roads, do not take small roads. If there are no For roads, you can choose to travel on longitudinal mountain ridges, ridges, mountainsides, edges of rivers and streams, and terrain with tall trees, sparse forests, large gaps, and low grass. We must strive to walk across the bridge rather than across the ditch, and to walk vertically rather than horizontally.
When traveling, take long strides rather than small steps. In this way, after dozens of kilometers, you can save more than ten thousand steps. When tired, use slow, relaxed steps to rest without stopping. When climbing rocks, you should carefully observe the rocks, carefully identify the quality and weathering degree of the rocks, and determine the direction and route of climbing.
The basic method of rock climbing is the "three-point fixation" method, that is, fixing two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand, and then moving the remaining hand or foot to move the body's center of gravity upward. The hands and feet must cooperate well to avoid moving two points at the same time. They must be steady, light and fast. Choose the most appropriate distance and the most stable fulcrum according to your own situation. Do not take long steps or grab or pedal too far away.
Climbing hillsides below 30 degrees can be done in a straight line. When climbing, lean forward slightly, put all your feet on the ground, bend your knees, and make your feet appear in an outward "figure of eight" shape. Don't step too big or too fast. When the slope is greater than 30 degrees, a zigzag climbing route is generally adopted. When climbing, bend your legs slightly, lean your upper body forward, put your inner toes forward, touch the entire sole of your foot on the ground, and turn your outer toes slightly outward. If you accidentally slip while walking, you should immediately face the hillside, open your arms but straighten your legs, raise your toes, and move your body up as much as possible to reduce the speed of sliding. In this way, you can try to find climbing and supporting objects while sliding. Never sit facing outwards, as this will not only cause the bike to slide faster but also make it easier to roll over on steeper slopes.
Rivers are frequent obstacles in mountainous and plain areas. When encountering a river, do not rush into the water. Observe carefully before determining the location and method of crossing the river. Mountainous rivers usually have fast currents, low water temperatures, and rugged river beds. When fording, in order to maintain body balance, you should use a meridian to support the upstream direction of the water, or hold a stone weighing 15 to 20 kilograms in your hand. When wading in a group, three or four people can line up, hug each other's shoulders, and the strongest person is in the upstream direction.
Collecting food
There are two main ways to obtain food in the wild. One is hunting wild animals, the other is collecting wild plants.
To hunt wild animals, you must first know the animal's habitat and master the animal's life patterns, and then hunt by methods such as trapping, snaring, trapping, and shooting. This requires a long period of training and practice under the guidance of experts to truly master it. The following is a brief introduction to the types and eating methods of edible insects and edible wild plants.
Currently, the insects that people in the world eat include snails, earthworms, ants, cicadas, cockroaches, crickets, butterflies, locusts, grasshoppers, lake flies, spiders, mantises, etc. Although people are not used to eating insects, and may even feel disgusted with it, they still try it as a last resort in order to maintain their lives, maintain their combat effectiveness, and complete their missions. However, it should be noted that the food must be cooked or roasted thoroughly to prevent parasites from the insects from entering the human body and causing poisoning or illness.
Common edible insects include locusts; dipped in soy sauce and eaten roasted, boiled or stir-fried; mantis: roasted or stir-fried after removing its wings, or boiled; dragonfly: edible after dry frying: cicada : Eaten raw or dry-fried, the larvae can also be eaten; Centipede: Dry-fried, but the taste is not good; Longhorn beetle: The larvae can be eaten raw or roasted; Ant: Fried, delicious; Spider: Remove the legs and roasted; Termites: Can be eaten raw Or fried food; pine caterpillar: grilled food.
Edible wild plants include edible wild fruits, wild vegetables, algae, lichens, mushrooms, etc. The identification of edible wild plants is a staple of bottom-up knowledge in the wild. Our country has a vast territory and is suitable for the growth of various plants, of which about 2,000 are edible. Common edible wild fruits in China include: mountain grape, tusi, black blind fruit, strawberry, sea buckthorn, torch fruit, myrtle, elegans, black rice tree, amla, etc., especially wild chestnut, coconut, papaya Easier to identify and a great emergency survival food. Common wild vegetables include bitter greens, dandelions, Houttuynia cordata, purslane, amaranth, shepherd's purse, wild amaranth, broom greens, water chestnuts, lotus, reeds, moss, etc. Wild vegetables can be eaten raw, stir-fried, cooked or by boiling and soaking.
However, the average person needs a certain period of training under the guidance of experts to master this knowledge. Here is the simplest method to identify whether wild plants are poisonous or not, for use in emergencies. Usually, a small opening is cut into the collected plants, a pinch of salt is put in, and then the original color is carefully observed to see if it changes. Usually, discolored plants cannot be eaten.
Injury and Injury Prevention
Insect Bites Prevention and Treatment: In order to prevent insect bites in the wild, personnel should wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, tighten cuffs and collars, and apply it to exposed parts of the skin. Mosquito repellent. Do not sit or lie in moist shade trees or grass. When camping, burn mugwort leaves, mugwort, cypress leaves, wild chrysanthemums, etc. to drive away insects. After being bitten by an insect, you can use ammonia, soapy water, salt water, baking soda water, and zinc oxide ointment to smear the affected area to disinfect the itchy area.
Leeches are very harmful insects. When you encounter a leech bite, do not pull it out by force. You can pat it with your hands or drop soap, salt water, tobacco oil, or alcohol on its front suction cup, or burn it with a burning cigarette to let it fall off on its own. Then apply pressure on the wound to stop the bleeding, and use Apply iodine to the wound to prevent infection. When the troops are marching, they should always check whether there are any leeches crawling on their feet. If you apply some soap and anti-mosquito oil on your shoes, you can prevent leeches from crawling on them. The effective time after one application is about 4 to 8 hours. In addition, applying garlic juice to shoes, socks and trousers can also play a role in repelling leeches.
Faintness in the wild is mostly caused by falls, excessive fatigue, excessive hunger and other reasons. The main symptoms are sudden paleness of face, weak and slow pulse, and loss of consciousness. Don't panic when this happens, you will usually wake up after a while. After waking up, you should drink some hot water and pay attention to rest.
Poisoning: The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, heart failure, etc.
In this case, you should first wash your stomach, drink a lot of water quickly, touch your throat with your fingers to induce vomiting, then take laxatives such as castor oil to clear the intestines, and then take detoxifiers such as activated charcoal and other sedatives, drink more water, and Accelerate excretion. In order to ensure the normal beating of the heart, you should drink some sugar water and strong tea, warm your feet, and send to the hospital for treatment immediately.
Heat stroke: Symptoms include sudden dizziness, nausea, coma, no sweat or clammy, dilated pupils, and high fever. Before the onset of the disease, I often felt thirsty, dizzy, weak all over, and my eyesight turned black. At this time, Qing immediately lay down in a cool and ventilated place, untied his clothes and pants, relaxed his whole body, and then took Shidishui, Rendan and other medicines. When you have a fever, you can pour cold water over your head or apply cold compress to dissipate heat. If you are unconscious, you can pinch Renzhong and Herong points to revive you.
Frostbite: If the skin is red, white, cool, hard, etc., rub the injured area with your hands or a dry cloth to promote blood circulation and reduce frostbite. Use chili pepper for mild frostbite. Soaking it in wine and applying it will be effective. If the body is frozen, do not immediately carry the injured person into a warm room. You should first rub the limbs and perform artificial respiration. After the injured person regains consciousness, go to a warmer place for rescue.
Stings: Stings caused by poisonous insects such as scorpions, centipedes, and wasps cause red, swollen, painful and itchy wounds, accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. First squeeze out the venom, then apply soapy water, ammonia, tobacco oil, vinegar, etc. to the wound, or mash purslane, drink the juice, and apply it externally. You can also wash and pound the snails, then mash them and apply them on the wounds. In addition, garlic juice is effective in treating centipede bites. ?
How to call for help
Set off fireworks: Setting off fireworks is the most common way to call for help. To smoke during the day, that is, put some rubber sheets, leaves, moss, ferns, etc. on the fire to generate smoke to notify the outside world. When using fire at night, three open fires should be lit on open ground toward possible residential areas, and the firelight should be used to convey distress signals.
Light signal: Use mirrors to use sunlight during the day to reflect intermittent light signals to possible residential areas or rescue aircraft in the air. The light signals can be transmitted up to 16 kilometers away. The method is to aim one finger at the place that should be conveyed, and hold the reflector with the other hand to adjust the reflected sunlight, and gradually direct the reflected light to the aiming direction. At night, use a flashlight to continuously send distress signals in the direction of help.
The internationally accepted distress signal is SOS, which means three long and three short, in a continuous cycle.
Modern rescue methods: With the development of the times, various modern rescue equipment have gradually become popular, such as beacons, radio communication machines, satellite phones and other equipment. If conditions permit, these modern equipment can be gradually equipped.