The article "Probe into Stinging Heat" says: "When you get sick with lung heat, you will suddenly feel faint, be hairy, have aversion to cold, and have a yellow tongue and a hot body." It is the interrogation of people who turn corpus luteum fever on the tongue coating into fever as an unsolved exterior syndrome. "On Qi of Suowenda" said: "The pulse in the stomach is heavy and astringent, the pulse outside the stomach is large, and the pulse inside the heart is small and firm, all of which are dry ... it can be cured without turning the tongue. From the thirtieth, you can start at the age of three. It is based on whether the tongue is flexible and whether there is a language barrier to judge the severity of the disease and the length of rehabilitation. " Lingshu Fever XXIII says: "The tongue is rotten, and those who are hot will die. "It is the tongue rot caused by the hot surface inside. If the fever does not subside, the condition will worsen and it is very dangerous. " Article 75 of "Lingshu Rachel Righteousness and Evil" says: "Yin Qi's deficiency leads to internal heat, while Yang's excess leads to external heat, and the two collide. It's hotter than holding charcoal outside and being afraid of cotton and silk. You can't get close to it, and you can't get close to the table. If you are blocked, you can't sweat, and your tongue is biased. "It is the evil heat that is full without sweating, and the heat will not be discharged, but the tongue is burning and the lips are writing." "Twenty-four Difficult Classics" said: "Foot Jue Yin Qi is exhausted, that is, the tendon shrinks, causing the egg to roll and the tongue to roll ... so the tongue rolls and the egg shrinks, and this tendon dies first. "Because Jueyin liver meridian failure, the egg on the face shrank and the tongue rolled.
Although "tongue diagnosis" is not discussed as a special topic in Neijing, it can be seen from scattered articles about tongue diagnosis that different diseases have different reflections on the tongue, and heart disease can cause tongue rolling and language disorders; Excessive pathogenic heat can cause dry and rotten tongue; Exogenous heat is transmitted, and the tongue coating turns yellow; Tongue curvature caused by qi deficiency of liver meridian; The recovery of "tongue dryness" body fluid is the basis of fever recovery; And whether the tongue movement is flexible. It shows that since then, people have noticed that the changes of tongue are closely related to diseases.
On the basis of Neijing and Difficult Classics, Zhang Zung further developed tongue diagnosis, and there are also discussions on tongue diagnosis in Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of Golden Chamber. For example, article 130 of Treatise on Febrile Diseases says: "The syndrome of dirty accumulation is not yang ... Don't attack the slippery tongue coating. It is pointed out that "slippery tongue coating" is a manifestation of excessive yin cold, and it is appropriate to warm the interior and return to yang instead of attacking agents. Treatise on Febrile Diseases (137) records: "Sun disease, sweating, no stool for five or six days, dry tongue and dry mouth, hot flashes during the day, at least the abdomen is hard and full, and the pain is impassable, so the chest soup is the main one. "It's the disease of the sun, sweating and body fluid injury, so the tongue is dry. Treatise on Febrile Diseases (168): "If typhoid fever is vomited, it will not be solved for seven or eight days, and it will accumulate heat in the stomach, with both exterior and interior heat, and sometimes there will be evil wind, great thirst, dry and irritated tongue, and if you want to drink several liters, Baihushen Decoction will control it. "Dry tongue is a symptom of exterior evil and internal heat. Treatise on Febrile Diseases (22 1) said: "Yangming disease ... those with pus in the heart and fur on the tongue are treated with Gardenia black bean soup." It depends on whether there is moss on the tongue to decide whether gardenia black bean soup can be used. Article 230 of Treatise on Febrile Diseases: "Yangming disease, hypochondriac fullness, vomiting without defecation, white tongue coating, can be used with Xiaochaihu Decoction." Based on white fur to identify the evil in tonifying yang instead of Yangming. "synopsis of the golden chamber: syndrome differentiation and treatment of abdominal cold hernia" says: "patients with full stomachs are painful, so they can fall. Those with yellow tongues will go down to Huang Zi. It is yellow hair that can be used as one of the main indications of internal syndrome. " "synopsis of the golden chamber: syndrome of wind-cold attacking the five internal organs and its treatment" XI said: "liver cold, tongue is the source of transport and transformation. "Because the liver pulse follows the throat and winds in the tongue, the cold turns into hot air, so the tongue is dry." "synopsis of the golden chamber: the syndrome of treating gonorrhea that is unfavorable for diabetes and urination" says: "Those who are thirsty should enter the ginseng soup. "Dry tongue" is one of the main indications of Reheat Baihu Decoction. Article 16 of synopsis of golden chamber palpitation vomiting blood chest full of blood stasis pulse syndrome treatment says. "The patient's chest is full, his lips are soft, his tongue is blue and his mouth is dry, but he wants to rinse his mouth and doesn't want to swallow it because of blood stasis. It is pointed out that tongue blue is the manifestation of blood stasis.
As can be seen from the above provisions, Zhang Zhongjing not only regards the change of tongue coating as the content of syndrome differentiation, but also distinguishes the quality of tongue from tongue coating, so Zhang Shiwan said in "An Introduction to Exogenous Febrile Diseases": "The name of tongue coating began in Changsha because of its pathogenic factors. If it is pregnant, please give birth to it. This contribution of Zhang Zhongjing undoubtedly played an important role in promoting the development of tongue diagnosis in later generations. He pointed out that slippery fur governs yin syndrome, dry tongue governs heat, yellow fur governs internal heat, and blue tongue governs blood stasis. These views are completely correct now. Although there are not many kinds and contents of tongue coating discussed by Zhang Zhongjing, it can be proved that he got it from actual observation, and applied tongue diagnosis to syndrome differentiation treatment, sometimes even as the main basis of syndrome differentiation, which made important contributions to the development of tongue diagnosis in later generations.
On the basis of Neijing, Difficult Classics, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, the content of tongue diagnosis has been continuously supplemented and developed by later physicians, and its clinical application has become more and more extensive. For example, Tibetan Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine discusses the manifestations of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney diseases in tongue diagnosis. For example, China's theory of five life and death in the Tibetan Sutra-Wind says: "Both the heart and spleen suffer from stroke, and the tongue is too strong to speak of." "On the Liver in Tibetan Scriptures" says: "The liver is cold and the tongue is dry. "On Bile in China's Tibetan Scriptures" says: "Bile distension leads to sublingual pain." In the Tibetan scriptures, Lun Xin says that the heart pulse is strong and long, and the main tongue is strong. "On Kidney in Tibetan Scriptures" says: "The kidney is sick, and the mouth is hot and the tongue is dry." "On Spleen in Tibetan Scriptures" said: "Spleen disease, yellow color, in fact, stiff tongue, do not like food. "On Sanjiao in Tibetan Scriptures" said: "When the upper energizer is really hot, the forehead will sweat, but the body will not sweat, which is not conducive to eating, and the tongue is dry and the mouth is burnt. Basically follow the Neijing and Difficult Classics, and make some supplements.
The Pulse Classic written by Wang Shuhe in Jin Dynasty mainly discusses the theory of pulse science. This book contains the contents of Neijing, Difficult Classics, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and Chinese and Tibetan classics about tongue diagnosis. For example, it is recorded in "Pulse Meridian Volume V, Tips for Bian Que's Adverse Pulse Diagnosis and Dead Pulse V": "The stomach pulse is heavy and astringent, the stomach pulse is large, the heart pulse is thin and urgent, the diaphragm is dry, and the tongue does not turn." "Syndrome III of Heart-hand Deficiency in Six Yin Meridians" states: "The heart pulse is firm and long, so the tongue cannot be rolled when you are sick. It is the content of tongue diagnosis in Neijing. "Pulse Meridian Volume III, Liver and Gallbladder Head" contains: "The astringency of the emblem is a cramping tendon, and the foot is full of yin and qi, and the tendon shrinks to attract the egg tongue. It is the content of tongue diagnosis in difficult classics.
"Symptoms after Seven Sweats and Vomiting in Pulse Meridians" records: "Vomiting for seven or eight days, typhoid fever in the stomach for a long time, both exterior and interior are hot, often aversion to wind, very thirsty. The tongue is dry and irritable, and you want to drink several liters, which belongs to Baihu Decoction. It is the content of tongue diagnosis rhyme in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. " The Pulse Meridian Volume Six Liver Feet and Jueyin Meridian "contains:" Cold liver, dry tongue. It is the content of tongue diagnosis in synopsis of golden chamber. "Nine Syndrome of Deficiency of Kidney-Foot Yin in Pulse Meridian Scroll" records: "The pulse of deficiency of kidney-foot Yin governs the movement of kidney, and the mouth is hot and the tongue is dry." It is the content of tongue diagnosis in China Tibetan Scriptures. The contents of tongue diagnosis include, for example, Pulse Meridian Volume II: Ren Ping's second pulse before and after Shenmen Gate: "If the pulse in the left hand is yin, it is really behind Shenmen Gate, then the yin meridian is insufficient and the tongue is dry." Pulse yin is actually kidney yang flourishing and kidney yin robbing, so the tongue coating is dry. "Pulse Meridian Volume III Heart and Small Intestine Part II" contains: "The heart is like fire, which is the sound of the small intestine." It means the tongue is outside the heart. "Diagnosis III of Qi Deficiency Syndrome of Four Five Zang Organs in Pulse Meridian Volume" contains: "The patient has no meat, dry ears and swollen tongue. This means that tongue swelling is a critical syndrome. " The seventh chapter of the diagnosis of life and death in Pulse Meridian Volume IV contains: "Fever for seven or eight days, thin pulse, pulse generation, dark tongue, and death. Representative pulse condition, mainly qi deficiency of zang-fu organs, dry and black tongue, and exhaustion of vaginal fluid, is in a critical state. "Six Syndrome of Five Meridians of the Spleen Foot Taiyin Meridian Rolling" records: "The pulse of the foot Taiyin is moving, so the tongue is strong, and the spleen is painful." It means the change of tongue body caused by spleen disease. "Pulse Meridian Volume 7, Illness Can't be Diagnosed" contains: "Typhoid fever, headache, yellow ears, slippery tongue coating, irritability, slippery and firm pulse. The yellow pulse of typhoid ear belongs to yang yellow, which is caused by damp-heat, and the slippery fur is the manifestation of damp evil. " The Pulse Meridian Volume Seven Water Disease Syndrome contains: "Cunkou pulse is large and heavy, and the number is slippery. A large pulse leads to long qi, a slippery pulse leads to stomach qi, and glory leads to yang qi. When the stomach is depressed, defecation is difficult, but it is dry. Triple energizer is blocked, and body fluid is blocked. When the yang is full, the doctor will start to sweat. Extensive pulse, large slippery number and dry tongue are all manifestations of excessive heat. "Pulse Meridian Volume VII, Fever of Yin and Yang with Yin deficiency and syncope of Yin and Yang, Exhausting Life and Death Syndrome 18" contains: "Anyone who spits under the tongue will die. The four sides of the tongue are deficient in body fluid, which is the solution. Tongue spitting is more common in heat toxin attacking the heart or healthy qi has been destroyed, so it is mostly a critical syndrome. There is body fluid on the tongue for the recovery of yin and body fluid, and the condition is improved. " It is recorded in Volume VII of Pulse Meridian, Fever Ten-Adverse Death Syndrome Twenty-one: "Fever, abdominal distension, bloody stool, intermittent pulse, sweating and asthma, dry mouth, and death on the 10th. "The fever pulse is large, and the tongue coating is scorched, which is characterized by excessive pathogenic heat, exhausted vaginal fluid and short pulse. It is a sign that vital qi is about to escape, so it is the main dangerous syndrome." The pulse meridian volume "Eight Ping Stroke Syndrome Five" contains: "Evil people are dirty, and the tongue is hard to say. "Stroke without words is a syndrome of pathogenic wind in the dirty." Pulse Meridian Volume 8, Syndrome of Flaccid Lung, Coughing against Upper Qi and Lightening Pulse, states: "Coughing with body fluid in the mouth and slippery tongue coating is floating cold. "Cough moss slippery cough for exterior syndrome and so on.
Wang Shuhe's Pulse Classic is undoubtedly based on the theory of pulse science, but most of the contents related to tongue diagnosis have corresponding pulse conditions. Objectively combining pulse diagnosis with tongue diagnosis has played a positive role in promoting the combination of pulse diagnosis and tongue diagnosis in the future.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the study of tongue diagnosis was further developed, and the content of tongue diagnosis was more abundant in Chao et al.' s Theory of Stages of Evil. For example, the theory of all kinds of pathogens and stagnation of tongue, volume four, said; "The heart and spleen are hot, and the gas is in the mouth, so the tongue is swollen." On the Stagnation of Pathogenic Diseases, Volume 4, Stagnation of Bone, says: "Steamed skin … white tongue. "Treatise on Febrile Diseases with Damp Stagnation" (Volume 8) says: "Those with damp stagnation have colorless teeth and white tongue." "Fever Symptoms" in Volume 9 of Etiology says: "People with lung heat will die if their tongues are yellow and their bodies are hot. On Etiology Volume 36 Death by Stasis says: "Tongue with blood stasis is dry." Regarding the cause of the disease, Volume 41 of Fetal Movement in Pregnancy said: "Fetal movement is uneasy ... If the mother's face is red and her tongue is blue, the child will die; Mother's face is blue and her tongue is red, her mouth is foaming, and her mother is dead and her son is alive. Treatise on Febrile Diseases-Volume 7: Typhoid Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile Febrile. The theory of etiology, Volume VII, Treatise on Chest Syndrome of Exogenous Febrile Diseases, said: "If the tongue is hard to treat with white fur and slippery dirty fur, you should not attack it. "On Etiology", Volume 8, "Febrile typhoid fever" said: "The face is red and the teeth are yellow." "Etiology" Volume 43 "Abortion during childbirth" said: "If a woman's tongue is black, if the fetus is cold, the fetus will die. Etiology inherits Tang Nuo's previous experience of tongue diagnosis, and applies it to female pregnancy, judging the life and death of mother and fetus according to the performance of tongue picture.
The information about tongue diagnosis recorded in Qianjinfang is more comprehensive, such as Qianjinfang Volume 2. The sixth book of "Dead Belly" says: "A woman is born in childbirth, her tongue is red and her mother is born and dies." Qian Jin Fang, Volume V-Addiction, Stagnation and Swelling, Chapter VII, said: "Children have cold fetuses, crying, abdominal pain, black tongue and blue saliva. "Fang Juan 15 Fever Diarrhea No.7" said: "The lower tongue is yellow and dry, not brown, and the chest is firm." Qian Jin Fang, Volume 18, Nine Insects and Seven, said: "Typhoid teeth are broken and the tongue is white. "Fang Volume 17 Lung Carbuncle 7" says: "The fetus on the tongue is slippery, that is, floating cold." Qian Jinfang, Volume 20