First, the principle of literacy teaching
1. Literacy should be linked to specific situations.
When junior students are literate, they must abide by the principle of linking literacy with specific situations, and require literacy teaching to be embodied in specific articles and to integrate words into words and sentences. This literacy method helps students understand the meaning of words.
2. Literacy should be combined with real life.
The goal of students' literacy is to know Chinese characters, understand their meanings and be able to use them. Especially the junior students are young, so teachers should always contact with real life to stimulate students' interest in literacy teaching. There are many fresh Chinese characters around students, which teachers can use to guide students to read.
3. Literacy should be associated with writing.
In literacy teaching, teachers should link literacy with writing and put forward certain requirements for students' writing. It can not only train students' writing ability, but also strengthen their understanding of Chinese characters. Let students feel the structure of words in writing and deepen their impression of words.
Second, the way to achieve efficient teaching of low-grade literacy
1. Improve students' interest in literacy.
Different grades have different grade characteristics. 1 grade primary school students, just from kindergarten to primary school. They have learned some Chinese characters before, and they are still in the stage of carelessness. Teachers should improve students' interest in Chinese characters at this stage, so that students can learn Chinese characters in their interest.
(1) Create a teaching situation.
Junior students are naturally curious about new things and like vivid teaching methods. Teachers can create interesting teaching situations in teaching and let students learn new Chinese characters in the situations. For example, when learning two similar words, thirst and drinking water, the teacher can take out a bottle of water and say that a thirsty person must drink water. At the same time, make the action of drinking water, and then explain to the students that I am thirsty, that is, lack of water. So there is three points of water next to the word thirst, so I have to drink water with my mouth, so to the left of the word thirst is my mouth. This kind of teaching situation can stimulate students' interest and let them distinguish similar words.
(2) crossword puzzles and formulas.
In junior high school literacy teaching, crossword puzzles and formula making are commonly used literacy methods, which can enhance students' desire for knowledge, improve their interest in learning and deepen their impression of Chinese characters. For example, when learning Cantonese, teachers can teach by guessing riddles. Ask the students to make up a crossword puzzle: one point and one horizontal length, one left and one south. Students can memorize Cantonese characters quickly. For example, when learning the word "bed", we can correct the crossword puzzle on this basis: one point and one horizontal length, one left and one south, with the word "wood" hidden in the middle. In the teaching process, changing simple words into catchy formulas can help students understand new words. For example: write cursive prefix, write middle mouth, write north twice, and write four-point tail. This is the word Yan. There is also a yellow grass head, which is horizontal and long, standing in the word and hidden underground in the figure of eight. It is this yellow word that allows students to easily remember some complicated new words through simple formulas.
(3) play games.
Junior students are more active. Teachers can lead students to play some simple games in literacy teaching to stimulate students' interest and guide them to learn Chinese characters. Especially some competitive games can also enhance students' competitiveness and let them express themselves. Teachers can lead students to a Chinese spelling contest, so that students can spell Chinese characters in groups, which can not only stimulate students' interest, but also cultivate students' cooperative spirit and enhance their confidence in learning Chinese characters well.
2. Clear teaching methods and effective literacy.
There are many Chinese characters in China, but there are certain rules and similarities. Teachers need to adopt different teaching methods according to the characteristics of different Chinese characters to realize efficient literacy teaching in lower grades.
(1) Method for analyzing glyphs.
Chinese characters are divided into combined words and single words. Most words are simple, and teachers can adopt different teaching methods. Chinese characters in China are formed by ancient changes. Teachers can show students the changes of Chinese characters when teaching a single Chinese character, especially the mountains, people, the sun, the moon and other Chinese characters. When learning combined Chinese characters, teachers can teach students to memorize Chinese characters with the help of radicals. For example, when learning words such as river, river, lake and sea, teachers can let students remember that because there is water, they are all next to the word water.
(2) Make use of the characteristics of multimedia and characters.
China's Chinese characters have their own characteristics, and it is not very convincing to rely solely on how teachers teach these characteristics. Teachers can make use of multimedia technology and the characteristics of Chinese characters to let students learn Chinese characters. For example, teachers can make courseware, show students a green word, and then put a picture of the sun. The sun becomes a Japanese word, and it becomes a sunny word next to the green word. It can not only arouse students' interest, but also make them understand the meaning of words. Next, you can learn the words please, love, clarity and avoidance. Teachers can also let students know Chinese characters through pictures. For example, during the study break, they can show that a person leans against a tree and gradually becomes a Chinese character and a wooden character. Together, it is a Chinese character. You can also learn some similar words by comparison, such as the last word and the last word.
Third, the conclusion
In the teaching of literacy in lower grades, teachers should adopt various teaching methods according to the development characteristics of students' age and the characteristics of Chinese characters, so as to increase students' interest in learning literacy, expand literacy channels, improve literacy efficiency, and make students lay a good foundation for literacy, which is conducive to their future study and life.