Qian Wenzhong, a professor at Fudan University, interprets Baijia's surname (1) "Where am I from?"

What's your name and where are you from? This is the most frequently asked question in communication. Hundreds of Surnames is a children's book that records surnames. It has only 568 words, including 504 surnames. Among them, there are 444 single surnames and 60 compound surnames. It is human nature to seek roots and ancestors. Surname and its additional cultural connotation is an excellent business card and the best carrier to open up the communication channel between ancient and modern times. It records the formation history of the Chinese nation in a special form of blood culture. "Thousands of Sun Zhao Li, Wu Zhou Zheng Wang", seemingly simple text arrangement, reflects the historical blood of Chinese civilization for thousands of years and gives the historical answer of "Who am I and where am I from". Take you on an unusual journey to find your roots. There are 56 ethnic groups in China, but how many surnames there are is still unknown. Some people say that since ancient times, there have been as many as 10,000 surnames of the Chinese nation. In this way, surnames included in hundreds of surnames are just the tip of the iceberg. Where did all these surnames come from? How did it evolve? Surname is the blood symbol of a person's family system. Through this symbol, everyone can associate themselves with history and culture. Each surname has a long history and is rich and colorful. Every surname has a meaningful origin and contains a vivid and interesting story. It is a living cultural fossil that spans time and space and connects ancient and modern times. Today, Qian Wenzhong, a professor at Fudan University, tells you a series of programs on "Qian Wenzhong Interpreting Hundreds of Surnames". Most people in China don't know these eight words, "Thousands of Sun Zhaoli, King Zheng of Wu Zhou", and at the same time, they probably know that these eight words come from a well-known book "Hundred Family Names". But it's hard to say whether it's really familiar. Answer a few questions first. First question, what book is Hundred Family Names? What's the use? The answer is: Baijia surname, like Sanzi Jing and Qianzi Wen, is a children's book, which is the most popular children's book in the long historical years, so it is called "Sanbai, Qianqian". Baijia surname is a kind of "Baibai", which is the rhyme of China's surname and is arranged in four words. The second question is, have there been any books similar to Hundred Family Names before? Why is this Hundred Family Names the most popular? The answer is: Yes, not only, but also before these hundreds of surnames, there were articles about surnames in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and in the Warring States period, there was the Book of the World, which recorded the arrival of the emperor in the Spring and Autumn Period. In such a historical period, these records of princes, doctors, surnames, lineages and residences are very regrettable, and probably disappeared in the Song Dynasty. The Chinese nation has always attached importance to surnames, and the most important surnames in the world are probably the Chinese nation. There are naturally many such books, some of which have been passed down to today. For example, there was a book called Hundred Family Names in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, hundreds of surnames don't start with a thousand grandchildren, and the emperor's surname is Zhu, which should start with Zhu. During the reign of Kangxi, there was also a book called Royal Family Names, which was compiled by Emperor Kangxi himself, starting from Confucius and Mencius, in order to express the emperor's respect for the Han nationality and traditional Confucian culture. There are also hundreds of surnames written by some brothers, such as the hundred surnames in Mongolian characters and the hundred surnames in Jurchen characters, which were very popular at one time. However, they are not children's books, so they are not popular enough. The third question, when was Hundred Family Names written? It was in the Song Dynasty at the latest. Where is the basis? Lu You, a famous poet, wrote a famous poem Autumn in the Suburb. After the seventh poem, he wrote a note, "October is the time when farmers send their children to school, which is called winter school. What they read, such as miscellaneous schools and hundreds of surnames, is called village books." It is very popular in the countryside and not elegant. It can be seen that Hundred Family Names had become a village book before Lu You, and it was very popular. So Hundred Family Names was published in Song Dynasty at the latest. The fourth question: the most difficult question, who is the author of Hundred Family Names? The answer is no. Of course, I don't know absolutely, but I can speculate. In the Song Dynasty, there was a man named Wang Mingqing. He said in the "New Records of Jade Photos" that the surname of the hundred families was "Zhejiang Qian family, which was written by the king when there was a country." The author should be a citizen of wuyue. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there was a country called Wu Yueguo, because Zhao was the surname of the Song Dynasty and Qian was the surname of Wu Yueguo at that time. Qian Liu, King of Wu Yue, doesn't like fighting very much. After laying rich fields in Zhejiang and Zhejiang, he became a little rich, so he warned his descendants to surrender if there was a new moon. Because there is no war, people surnamed Qian miss this ancestor very much, and people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces like it very much. As for the third one, why is it "Sun"? Sun is the king, and Qian Chu is the surname of his wife's family and the surname of the queen. This is "Li", because the country next to Wu Yueguo at that time was Nantang, which was the most famous, so it sealed the money side of Zhao and Wu Yueguo in the Northern Song Dynasty and his neighbor Li, so he was a former grandson. It can be inferred from this that Wu Yueguo has surrendered to the soil. Question 5: What's the difference between a hundred surnames, saints and money? The arrangement of every word in Amethyst and Qian Wen Zi is very interesting. This is an article. Hundreds of families have different surnames, which is boring. It doesn't matter much that he puts each surname aside, but it rhymes with other words. Besides, the author didn't consider it, so it's different, and there's nothing behind it The sixth question: Why was Hundred Family Names chosen as the teaching material of Mongolian studies? If there are many books that can be read for literacy, it is different that Hundred Family Names is a collection of Chinese characters for surnames. It is one of the core values of China's traditional culture and can be said to be the most important belief of the Chinese nation. In traditional China, surnames are more important than first names. In ancient times, there were also polite considerations for remembering people's surnames, so they were used as children's books. In the big family of the Chinese nation, some brothers don't have surnames, but most of them still emphasize a sense of belonging, identity and clear self-orientation. What is more important than a sense of belonging and identity? The origin of China's surname can be traced back to prehistoric times. There was no written record at that time, and we could only explore from various myths and legends. Everything has a origin. The origin of China's surname is inseparable from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. The descendants of China are not only Han people, but also many brotherly peoples. The Chinese nation is now 56 ethnic groups, which is a big family. Basically, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the common ancestors and leaders. Huang San who? Which five emperors? There is no fixed statement. Huang San: If you have a bird's nest, you can row it in and build a bird's nest. Suiren, drill a fire pit. Fu, fishing and hunting. Shennong who sowed grain. Nu Wa's family made people out of heaven. These should all be ancestors who made fundamental contributions to the beginning of civilization and the survival and development of the people. Five Emperors: There are also different opinions. According to historical records, the emperor's surname is Ji, which is the surname of China in ancient times. There are roughly five Zhuan Xu, Emperor Yao and Emperor Yao. The emperor ranks first and has the greatest influence. We offer sacrifices to the emperor's mausoleum every year. But interestingly, Yan Di was not in it, while Yan Di was not in front of the emperor. These are legends, but we all accept them. The surnames of China people, especially the older surnames, can be traced back to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Surnames are complicated, not as simple as the names we are talking about today. In ancient times, surnames had surnames, but now surnames only mean surnames. We have many misunderstandings about traditional culture. For example, I ask where your home is. Is this asking the place of origin? No, nationality and infiltration are two different things. My hometown is infiltrated there, not a nation. As scholars, farmers, workers, businessmen, scholars, students, soldiers and people who have participated in the war, they cannot be changed in traditional China, but now we are very confused. Surnames are two different things. At the earliest time, all surnames were called surnames, and surnames were family numbers, indicating lineage. Totem originated from tribal totems at the earliest, and it is the symbol and symbol of ancestors' protectors. For example, using bears as totems is their patron saint. Among the surnames of China people, the surnames of animals and plants are generally older. Next, entering the matriarchal society, the surnames next to female characters are particularly old. If you have a surname, why is there a surname? With the passage of history and the improvement of human living conditions, there are more and more people, and there are too many servants under one surname, so that the descendants of the same surname multiply and have many branches. This branch is slowly moving to other places, and the moving one is called surname, so there is a surname after the existing surname. In the Zhou Dynasty, the patriarchal clan system was very strict. Only nobles can have surnames, while ordinary people have no surnames. Noble women use surnames instead of surnames, while noble men use surnames. Because surnames are related by blood, surnames are relatives and there are many surnames, so surnames are used in other marriages. In ancient times, people with the same family name could not get married, which was a great progress in human understanding. Or inbreeding will be in big trouble. Nowadays, it is normal to marry between big surnames, but it is still rare to marry between small surnames. Therefore, the surname of a noble woman is more important than her surname, and the woman who wants to marry is often in her own surname, plus the ranking of Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji. In ancient books, it is often said that the eldest daughter of her family is Kazuko, who is a very old surname and the second daughter of Zijia. If it is easier to get married, fill in the name of your family or spouse's fief, or their surname, such as Qi Jiang. A woman surnamed Jiang married a place called Qi or Shi. In traditional China women's maiden name, only elders and spouses know it, and even children don't know it. Noble people are called surnames, not surnames, surnames can be different, surnames and blood ties are different. Which wife gave birth to you? Where did you move this? A lot of information can be seen from surnames, such as princes who take the country as their surname, Zheng Jie as their surname, and Zheng as their surname. Qing Dafu usually takes his place of residence as his surname. After that, I heard that your fief was in Qianqu, and some people took the official name as their surname, such as Sima Fu, and Sima was the official name. After the Warring States period, people began to take surnames as surnames, so surnames were not divided. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, surnames were unified, and only ordinary people used surnames. That's why I said this name. Last name is the same. The original surname is the same, and it is divided by surname. Now everyone has a surname, so they are called first names. Cultural essentials of traditional surnames in China. When it comes to surname culture, I would like to emphasize the following points repeatedly: First, China has a long history of surnames, and each surname has rich cultural connotations. It spreads its branches and leaves endlessly, giving birth to outstanding Chinese children. Every surname has its representative figures, and surnames appear early and late. For example, Ji's surname is very old, Gui's surname is very old and Yao's surname is very old. The population under this surname varies greatly, but there is no distinction between high and low. Second: Chinese surnames are not only Han surnames, so we are concerned about surnames written in Chinese characters, including brothers' surnames, of course, regardless of whether these ethnic groups exist today. Xianbei nationality and Jurchen nationality have made great contributions to the Chinese nation, but they are gone today. So our Chinese surname culture is really unfathomable. Do hundreds of surnames record China's surnames? If not, how many surnames does the Chinese nation have? "Hundreds of Family Names" is four words and one sentence, with a total of 142 sentences and 568 words. This is the one with the least words in 300,000. There are 504 surnames, 444 single surnames and 60 compound surnames. A drop of water in the ocean of surnames in China, how many surnames does the Chinese nation have? I don't know. There were 3625 surnames in the Ming Dynasty, 1978. Through the post office system and the public security household registration system, the surnames of seven big cities are counted. At that time, there were 2,587 surnames, 2,250 in Beijing, 0/640 in Shanghai, 0/270 in Shenyang and 0/577 in Wuhan. 1984, another scholar collected 5730 surnames. At that time, Taiwan Province scholars collected 7720 surnames. But these are not exact figures. 1996, the Chinese nation recorded 1 1969 surnames in Chinese characters. There are certainly many surnames among the people, some of which are ridiculous. For example, poison is the surname and jumping is the surname. In Shaanxi, death is the surname. This surname is in Taiwan Province Province, and only one surname is death. According to the information we have now, there are surnames with one or several words, and there are many surnames with three words. They are domineering, hard-working, lonely and muddy, taking the stone road, breaking six Koreas, breaking Dolan, breaking six Rus and striving for spring. Four-character surnames, Aisingiorro and Yehnara. A five-word surname, suddenly God is busy. The nine-character surname is cua NHánshánsiwǔmúyúNJíg not u, a member of Wu Muyun of Hanshan Temple. Surnames are complicated. Today, as a start, I try my best to introduce the complex, colorful, interesting, vivid and fascinating aspects of China surname culture. So how much information does Hundred Surnames, which only collected 504 surnames, tell us about the surname culture in China? Please listen to me. Share button