Nurhachi (Year Destiny)
huang taiji
1, Shunzhi
Fu Lin, the emperor shunzhi, was the first emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty. He is the ninth son of Huang Taiji and was born in Chongde for three years (1638). Chongde ascended the throne in Shenyang on August 2nd, and changed to Shunzhi. He was in office for 18 years. He died in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1) at the age of 24.
After Shunzhi ascended the throne, his uncle Dourgen assisted him. In the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dourgen went hunting and died outside the Great Wall. 14-year-old Fu Lin took over the government ahead of schedule. The emperor shunzhi is talented and diligent in reading. He absorbed China's advanced culture, assessed the situation, was relatively open to the system of becoming a legal ancestor, and relied heavily on Han Chinese officials, regardless of the opposition of the pro-expensive ministers of the Qing Dynasty. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the emerging ruling foundation, he took the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty as a mirror, was wary of eunuchs and cronies as disasters, attached importance to rectifying official management, paid attention to sharing interest with the people, and learned lessons from it in moderation. However, he is young, headstrong and irritable. As soon as his beloved Dong Fei died, he turned negative and world-weary, and finally hurried through a short life course and died young. He is the only emperor in history of qing dynasty who openly converted to Zen.
2. Kangxi
Emperor Kangxi, named Michelle Ye, the third son of Shunzhi, was born in the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654 May 4th). The longest reigning emperor in China was 6 1 year.
Kangxi was studious and proficient in everything since he was a child. In a series of military actions, such as destroying worship, excluding San Francisco, unifying Taiwan Province Province and pacifying Junggar rebellion, he either personally marched or won thousands of miles, which fully demonstrated his military talent. Carefully selecting talents, praising honest officials, repairing rivers and attracting Han intellectuals also showed that Kangxi was an excellent politician and a wise monarch.
Compared with Michelle Ye's political life, his family life is not happy, and the struggle between governors for the position has made him haggard.
Although Michelle Ye thinks he is a good emperor who works hard and cares about people's livelihood. Of course, as a great man who stood in front of the historical trend and guided the country and the nation to advance rapidly, he was much inferior.
3. Yongzheng
Yong Zhengdi Yin Zhen was born in the 17th year of Kangxi (1678), the fourth son of Kangxi. In 6 1 year of Kangxi, 45-year-old Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne, and in 13, he ascended the throne and died in Yuanmingyuan. Temple number sejong.
Yin Zhen stepped onto the historical stage in the form of social stagnation in the early prosperous period of Kangxi-the last year of Kangxi. The complicated social contradictions provide Yin Zhen with opportunities to display his ambitions and talents. He was far-sighted and persistent, and carried out a number of major reforms step by step. In thirteen years, it achieved fruitful results, which laid a solid foundation for future generations and reached its peak in the Qianlong period. His historical position is not inferior to Naifu Kangxi and Naizi Gan Long. Although he is suspicious, mean, ungrateful and harsh, it is secondary to his performance.
4. Qianlong
Li Hong was born in the 50th year of Kangxi (17 1 1) and died in the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799). He was the fourth son of Yongzheng, who reigned for 60 years. After abdicating, he became the emperor's father for three years, aged 89.
At the beginning of Qianlong's accession to the throne, he implemented the policy of combining leniency with severity, served the country pragmatically, paid attention to farming and mulberry, stopped donating money, and put down rebellion, which fully reflected his literary martial arts. Emperor Qianlong advocated elegance, was good at riding and shooting, and kept his pen and ink all over the country. He was a famous cultural relic collector. Most of the paintings and calligraphy in Qing Dynasty were collected by him. During his reign, Si Ku Quan Shu compiled 3,503 kinds of books, 79,337 volumes and 36,304 volumes, which was three times that of Yongle Dadian and became the confluence of China's ancient ideological and cultural heritage.
However, in his later years, the life of Qianlong was extravagant, the treasury was exhausted, and corrupt officials and gentry were reused, so that peasant uprisings appeared in his later years, which was a sign that the Qing Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.
5. Jiaqing
Emperor Jiaqing was the fifteenth son of Emperor Gaozong Li Hong of the Qing Dynasty. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), he made Jia a prince in the 54th year, and became king in the 60th year of Qianlong, renamed Jiaqing, and reigned for 25 years. He died in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820) at the age of 6 1. The name of the temple is Renzong.
Emperor Jiaqing was a diligent and prudent monarch. A series of policies and measures adopted by him after he took office played a certain role in changing all kinds of disadvantages in the late Qianlong period, but they did not and could not fundamentally reverse the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Personally, for the increasingly serious corruption and laziness, Emperor Jiaqing has always been unable to prescribe the right medicine, but can only warn and intimidate a large number of "position-preserving" bureaucrats, and finally come to the fore. He has a certain understanding of the invasion of western colonialists, but for an ancient feudal country that is weakening day by day, it is impossible to really deal with foreign invaders effectively, and then he can only slide down the road of decline.
6. Daoguang
Mianning, Daoguang Emperor, was the sixth emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty. Born in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782 September 16), he died in the fourteenth day of the first month of the thirtieth year of Daoguang. After 30 years in office, he is 69 years old. Temple number Xuanzong, buried Muling.
Daoguang Emperor with average intelligence is famous for his frugality. He is at the critical moment of the historical turning point, "keeping constant and not knowing change." Opium poisoning from the southeast sea and the British invasion made him fidgety. He wanted to ban smoking severely and made up his mind to fight the invaders, but he didn't know where Britain came from or what colonialism was. Usually he doesn't know who he is, and he doesn't have an emergency plan when he is in danger, so he is at a loss and has no plan in the defensive war. He could only sigh in self-pity and shame. As a result, he accepted Britain's alliance at the gates and signed the first unequal treaty in modern history-the Sino-British Jiangning Treaty.
Daoguang has been in power for 30 years. Chaogang is arbitrary and hands-on, but internal affairs, such as official management, river engineering, grain transportation and smoking ban, have not improved. It is a tragedy of his life that he worked hard but achieved nothing.
7. Pioneer
Yining, the emperor of Xianfeng, was born in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing in the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1 July 17). Xianfeng died in the eleventh year (186 1 August 22nd). In office 1 1 year.
When Xianfeng ascended the throne, the Taiping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan broke out in Jintian Village in front of Zijing Mountain in Guangxi. Then came the battle between the British and French allied forces, forcing Xianfeng to flee to Chengde, Jehol. Xianfeng was in office 1 1 year, and people's resentment boiled. He didn't fight, and "the overall situation is out of control." He often hesitates in the middle of the night and is at a loss, so he indulges himself. Two days before his death, he also sent an edict that "Yizhou Flower Song remains the same".
Emperor Xianfeng, who was ambitious and brilliant, was trapped in the frame of his ancestors, but finally failed to cross a threshold and went to the world with endless worries.
8. Tongzhi
Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun is the only son of Xianfeng and Yehenara. Born in Xianfeng for six years (1856). Twelve years of tongzhi. He died the following year. 19. The name of the temple is Mu Zong.
14 During the Tongzhi period, the Qing government relied on Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and other important officials to suppress a series of peasant uprisings such as the Taiping Rebellion. Some so-called "new westernization policies" have also been formulated. But none of this has much to do with the Tongzhi emperor. The ruler at that time was actually Cixi. Zai Chun was an urchin when he was young. As a young emperor, he really failed to live up to the ardent expectations of the ruling and opposition parties. He died of smallpox after two years in power.
9. Guangxu
Emperor Guangxu was born in the Alcohol Palace on Taiping Lake in Xuanwumen, Beijing in the 10th year of Tongzhi (187 1 August). His father Huan Yi is the seventh son of Daoguang, and his mother is the sister of Cixi. This special family environment made him emperor after Tongzhi's death. He reigned for 34 years, Guangxu 13 years.
Emperor Guangxu was in office 19 years old. He is full of young people's enterprising spirit, willing to accept new ideas, "unwilling to be the king of national subjugation", actively supporting political reform, and once became the "savior" in the hearts of reformists. However, the reform endangered the interests of the feudal conservative forces and was blocked by the Qing nobles, mainly Cixi. The failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 stifled the opportunity for the Qing Dynasty to change the old chapter. Emperor Guangxu didn't have the courage to break the shackles of feudal ethics. "He is always unhappy" and he is in a very sad mood. His life is a tragic fate of humiliation and sadness. When Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, Cixi had to flee to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu. After the Boxer Rebellion, anti-Qing armed uprisings broke out one after another, and the trend of democratic revolution spread widely throughout the country, and the Qing Dynasty was on the verge of collapse.
Xuan Tong 10
Aisin Giorro Puyi was born in the 32nd year of Guangxu (1February 7th, 906) in Chunwangfu, a seaside town in Shichahai, Beijing. 19671June 17 died in Beijing at the age of 6 1. He is the author of The First Half of My Life.
Three years after Xuan Tong ascended the throne, the conditions of bourgeois democratic revolution advocated by Sun Yat-sen became more and more mature, and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty was an irreversible trend. The Qing court had to issue abdication letters in the name of Yulong, the widow of Emperor Guangxu, and Xuan Tong, the last emperor.
193 1 year, Puyi was swept to the northeast by the Japanese invaders. 1March, 932, became the puppet regime of Japan "Manchukuo". After the defeat of the Japanese army, he reformed his dress and served as a member of the China People's Congress and the China People's Political Consultative Conference.