Exploring various format rules of song ci

Types of words

Ci was originally called "Quci" or "Quci", accompanied by music. From the music point of view, it is the same literary genre as Yuefu, and it also comes from folk literature. Later, like Yuefu, Ci gradually separated from music and became a unique poetic style, so some people called Ci "poetry". Scholars' Ci is deeply influenced by metrical poems, so there are many metrical sentences in Ci.

There are long words and short sentences, but the number of words in the whole article is certain. The level of each sentence is also certain Characters can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) poem; (2) alto; (3) Long tune. Some people think that words below 58 are minor, words between 59 and 90 are middle key, and words below 9 1 are long key. Although this division is too absolute, the general situation is still the same.

There are already some medium-long tunes in Dunhuang Quzi Ci. Liu Yong wrote some long tunes in the early Song Dynasty. Su Shi, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and others followed closely, and long tunes became popular. The characteristics of long tunes, in addition to the large number of words, are generally sparse phonology.

A word card

The epigraph is the name of the word format. The forms of words are different from those of metrical poems: there are only four forms of metrical poems, but there are always more than one thousand forms of words (these forms are called word scores). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes, the same format has several names, just because the names are different.

About the origin of epigraph, there are about the following three situations:

It was originally the name of music. For example, Bodhisattva Man is said to be due to the tribute paid by the female country in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. They wear a high bun, a golden crown and garlands (garlands are jewelry worn on their bodies), like bodhisattvas. At that time, the teaching workshop was also divided into "Bodhisattva Manqu". It is said that Tang Yizong loved to sing the word "Bodhisattva Crossing the River", which was a popular song at that time. "Xijiang Moon", "Pine Wind" and "Recent Flowers" all belong to this category. These are folk tunes.

(2) Choose a few words from a word as an inscription. For example, Qin Yi E, because the first two sentences of the first word written in this format are "Xiao Shengyan, dream broken"

So this epigraph is called "Qin Yi E" (4), also called "Qin Louyue". Back Jiangnan was originally named Wang Jiangnan, also known as Xie Qiuniang. But because Bai Juyi has a poem praising "Jiangnan is good", the last sentence is "Can you forget Jiangnan", so the epigraph is also called backing Jiangnan. Dream Like Fantasy, originally named Yi Xian Zi, was later renamed Dream Like Fantasy, which was written by Zhuang Zong in the late Tang Dynasty, because it contained such sentences as "Dream like a dream, the waning moon is full of flowers and smoke". Niannujiao is also called no return to the river, because Su Shi has a poem Niannujiao, and the first sentence is "no return to the river". Because Su Shi's last three words are "the moon on the Yangtze River", it is also called "the moon on the Yangtze River".

(3) It is the topic of words. The lyrics of "On a Horse" are about dancing, the lyrics of "Riding and Dancing" are about dancing on a horse, while the songs of "Alas" are about boating, "Song of Fisherman" is about fishing, "Song of Waves" is about waves, the music of "Throwing Ball" is about throwing hydrangea, and "Lost Son" is about the night. This situation is the most common. Among them, the original intention is indicated below the epitaph, which means that the epitaph is also a topic and there is no other topic. But most words don't use "original meaning", so there are word names besides epigrams. Generally, the topic is marked with smaller words under the inscription. In this case, the inscription has nothing to do with the inscription. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. In this way, the epigraph is the word spectrum.

Two tones, two tones, three folds and four folds.

The words are monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic and tetrasyllabic.

A monotonous word is often a poem. It's like a poem, but only a long and short sentence. For example:

(5)[ Tang] Zhang Fisherman

Egrets fly in front of mount cisse,

Peach blossom and flowing water mandarin fish fertilizer.

Green bamboo hat,

Green hemp fiber,

There is no need to return to the oblique wind and drizzle.

Like a dream [Song] Li Qingzhao

Last night, it was raining and suddenly the wind blew.

Deep sleep won't leave a hangover.

Ask the shutter man,

However, Haitang remains the same.

Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what?

It should be green, fat and thin!

Some disyllabic words are minor, others are alto or long. Disyllabic is to divide a word into two parts. The number of words in the two lines is equal or almost equal, and so is the level tone. In this way, an equal number of words is like a music score with two lyrics. Unequal, usually the first two or three sentences are different in quantity or level, which is called "changing heads" The most common form of disyllabic words. For example, a trip to Tasha

Chenzhou Guest House [Song Dynasty] Qin Guan

Mist lost the balcony,

The maze of the moon,

Taoyuan is nowhere to be found.

Can be lonely as a cold spring;

The sun sets in the cuckoo's song.

Bottoms,

Fishbone,

Build by laying bricks or stones into this disgusting appearance!

Fortunately, Chen Qiang bypassed Chen Shan.

Who gave up Xiaoxiang for?

Partridge sky (Yuan does not see Mei) [Song] Xin Qiji

Thousands of feet ice flows at a hundred paces.

Chai Men is open to water.

Clouds are shrouded in smoke,

The wild water is idle and the sun is coming.

Dress gently and gracefully,

After Cui Wei,

When was Lindong planted?

Although there are many bamboos swaying,

The romance of decoration owes plum blossoms.

He Xinlang (sending Hu Bangheng to NSW) [Song] Zhang

Dream around shenzhou road.

The autumn wind draws corners,

The Forbidden City is far from Xiaomi.

The bottom layer is mainly Kunlun.

Nine rehmannia flow disorderly injection?

Thousand villages gather foxes and rabbits.

God's will is never easy to ask,

It is easy to be sad when you are old, but difficult to sue.

More Nanpu,

Send you away.

The cold willows on the shore urge the waste heat.

Sparse stars and pale moon,

The cloud broke.

Does Wan know where it is?

Looking back at the night talk.

Before the geese arrived,

Whose book is it?

Look up at the sky, cherish the present,

Ken had a grudge against Cao.

Raise the white flag,

Listen to the golden thread

("Who can't be a goose without books?" According to the law of words, one sentence should be read. )

Like "Step on Shakespeare" and "The Fisherman's Pride", the words before and after are exactly the same. Other words, before and after, before and after are basically the same.

30% off is three shovels, 40% off is 40% off. Triple and quadruple words are rare, so I won't give examples here.

(1) This is the conclusion based on the small, medium and long notes in Lei Bian Cao Tang Shi Yu. (2) Ten thousand trees have received more than one hundred and eighty "characters". Xu added 495 kinds of "aspects" in Lexical Collection. There are 2306 "styles" in the Qing Dynasty. ③ Dazhong is the year number of Xuanzong (847-859 AD) in the Tang Dynasty. This is according to the general statement. ⑤ Formerly known as fisherman. The end of the song is called que. One stroke means that the song is over. One more song means singing another song according to the original song. Of course, the meaning of before and after is still coherent. ⑦ There are different words, such as "Bodhisattva Man" and different levels, such as "Huanxisha".

The Basic Format of Song Ci

The hierarchy of a word

(1) are mostly function words, such as "difficult", "old", "Dan", "positive", "you", "gradual", "more", "extraordinary", "sudden", "Shang" and "Fang". Verbs also include: Ba, Xiang, Zhi, Right, Hope, Zhe, Look, Read, Talk, Express, Forget, Think, Yuan, Hate, Fear and so on.

(2) Mostly dull sounds, mostly unvoiced sounds.

The words are flat.

(1) flat or (the first word is flat, the second word is flat), such as: "Do you know? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. "

(2) The plain formula is as follows: "Every year, the country is Yan, wandering in the Han Sea, and sending a rafter for repair."

Three-sentence leveling

(1) Ping Ru: "Blow cool leaves." "People are like cutting" and "being idle for a long time"

(2) Even and even, such as: "Beautiful land, is the Southern Dynasties incident accurate?" Heaven will live.

(3) As plain as: "Slight frost on the temples" and "Yuchuan fan, road matter."

(4) Like "tears in a dream"

(5) It is as flat as "the moon makes the gods sing by the Han River."

Four-sentence leveling

(1) It's plain and light, such as Yunnan-Guizhou Smoke, Louxi Yan Fei, and plain and light, such as Lousuo Light Smoke and Falling Frost State.

(2) Flat lines-the most common and common (the third word must be flat), such as Han tombs, picturesque rivers and mountains, and tourists from the south.

(3) Evenness-it is also common, such as: where are the traces and where are the people? Sleep together on a branch.

(4) Flat and flat-it is also common, such as: today's increase, the cloud window is still hidden.

Five words are even.

(1) Five-character rhyme is the same as five-character rhyme.

Impartiality, impartiality, such as: weeping willows are horses, and this place is different in the past.

Flat and even, such as: the grass outside the Great Wall declines first, and the geese in the south of the Yangtze River come late.

Flat and faint, such as: jade steps stand empty.

It's as simple as that: don't fight alone.

(2) The common phenomenon of five-character strange sentences.

Flat and even, such as: when is the bright moon ... dancing to find the shadow?

Ordinary: There are people upstairs who are worried about dew-soaked clothes.

This is obvious: I really want to see where Qin Guan is.

Six-sentence leveling

(1) Don't get tired of sad songs and laughter. I want to go home with the wind.

(2) Flat and light, flat and light, such as: a poem that failed at the last minute, sad thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River.

(3) Plain, such as: the rain at night did not destroy the palace trees, which made the guests intoxicated.

(4) Two common embarrassing sentences in six sentences.

Flat and light, flat and light, such as: how many heroes are late, infinitely bleak.

Flat and light, flat and light, such as: Where is the dream of the west wind and Wan Li's infinite closure of the river?

Seven-character flat tone

(1) Same Seven-character Rhyme

Flat and light, flat and light, such as: silent weaving in Pinglin, sad in cold mountain areas.

Flat and faint, such as: intermittent cold, intermittent wind, even the ancient strips are as old as before.

Plain and unremarkable. It's like: Chu Ke wants to complain, but are young people here now?

Flat and light, flat and light, such as: flowers scattered on the shore, partridges singing, small windows raining and dreaming of pear blossoms.

Pingping (special format) Point-to-Point Leng Yun Photo Wave Room

(2) a sentence that does not conform to the training routine.

Flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat.

Plain, plain, such as dewdrop fireflies shooting books at night.

Eight-character sentences are leveled off

(1) and seven words.

Flat | flat | flat | so | usually come back after drinking at night.

(2) the combination of two sentences and six sentences

(3) the combination of three sentences and five sentences

Flat and flat | flat and flat, such as the suburb of Fangcao | brightly lit and idle.

Nine words are even.

(1) Three-sentence and Six-sentence level tiling

Flat light | flat light, such as: the waves are exhausted | the romantic figures of the ages.

Market | Market | Market | Market | has passed Tomb-Sweeping Day.

(2) The 63 sentence pattern is even.

Flat light | flat light: the old country is unbearable to look back | in the middle of the month.

It's just a river flowing east.

(3) Four or five sentence patterns are even.

Flat light | flat light, such as: only in front of the forest | silver enamel shines on crow marks.

Flat and light | flat and light, such as: crossing in the wild and crossing again | willow trees are shaded.

Cross-sentence leveling

Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat.

Very flat, very flat. Very flat, for example: see | There is no way back to the end of the world.

Eleven words are even (longest)

(1) The six-five sentence pattern is even.

(2) Four or seven sentence patterns are even.