What is the importance of building a house in rural areas?
1, take the lead
Choosing a girder is a very important thing. First of all, there is also stress on the choice of wood. In the southern region, King Cedar, or Toona sinensis, also known as "evil wood", was chosen. The wood should be as thick as the top and bottom, and straight. After choosing to go home, you should scrape off all the bark with an axe and make a clean backup.
As a souvenir, the rafters nailed in the middle and back of the house are specially made. The carpenter planed one side of the round rafter with a planer, and the owner asked someone to write down the date of construction, the owner's name and the craftsman with a brush. For example, on March 9th, 1999, Zhang San built a house, Li Si was a carpenter, and Wang Wu was a bricklayer. Now, after many projects are completed, in order to clarify the responsibilities, a "responsibility card" must be set up, which is somewhat similar.
Step 2 choose the time
You should choose a date and time for the beam. For good luck, it is usually chosen on the sixth and ninth day of the lunar calendar, and the time should be chosen at the time of "full moon" and "high tide", which means family reunion and rolling financial resources. If the time of your family's birthday conflicts with Liang's, you must avoid it.
Step 3 ensure safety
When placing beams, workers will tie the ends of the beams with ropes. A group of people will stand on the wall and pull, and a group of people will stand on the ground and send it up. The danger of this project is that if the people on the wall are not strong enough, or the rope is broken, the beam may fall down and hit the people on the ground after being pulled up. So be extra careful at this time, constantly check the danger and remind everyone to pay attention to safety.
Cross beams are generally divided into triangle and I-beam. If it is a triangle, directly install two wooden pillars to make a fork. If it is an I-beam, the upright post and two beams should be installed first, and then the fork should be installed. After the whole beam frame is installed, put the purlin on the fork handle, nail the rafters on the purlin, spread waterproof materials on the rafters, and spread tiles on the waterproof materials, and the roof is completed.
4. Opening ceremony
Before the formal lighting, this house was mainly used for worship. First, put couplets written in red paper on beams, doors and windows. Generally, a couplet is posted on the beam, such as "Qinglong helps the jade column, and the white tiger stands the golden beam." The horizontal approval is "Liang Daji". Then the incense table was set up in front of the main gate, and fruits were placed. The owner respectfully burned incense, worshipped and set off firecrackers. Then, the beam is officially carried out.
Tie a pair of ancient coins (usually square copper coins), a pair of new red chopsticks and five-color new cloth strips to a piece of fragrant wood with a red line in advance. Just before dawn, the carpenter put the beam on the roof. When he reached the main beam, the carpenter murmured, "Put the beam on the beam, and Lu Ban is there; Thick as a column and straight as a beam; Wood makes the best use of it and comes in handy. "
Then the master carpenter in charge of ink made three series of respects to the master and sang: "Take a shoulder pole (a hip flask) in your hand, put a phoenix mouth in front and a phoenix body in the back." Respect the head of the beam out of the prince, respect the tail of the beam out of the princes, respect the waist of the beam with eight umbrellas and eight sedan chairs, and children and grandchildren wear gauze hats. "Armchair, put down the hip flask:" Listen to me. The root of this wood is: I don't know where I was born or where I grew up. "Born in Qinglong Mountain and raised in front of Babaoyan Rock, Baoshan, a rich boy, wrote that on March 3rd and May 5th, Sean and Lu Ban saw an axe and carried it up the hill. Sean chopped with an axe, Lu Ban sawed with a saw, saw the head with a big saw and saw the tail with a small saw, and invited the foot (coolie) to knock on this row, so on March 3 and May 5, Longxing was flooded and fluttering. "
Some owners quickly took to the streets, invited several dedicated teenagers, pulled Zhang Liangzhi's car, and drove the cows of the old group to the wide threshing floor. Cut with an axe, and Lu Ban saw it (Liao); A pair of wooden horses, a pair of benches, and an axe, such as Huanglong Sacrificial Armor. Planed once, like golden light. The ink was all over the place, and the pen kept slipping. This wood is neither too short nor too short. Huatang has been built, and there is no joist. This wood is neither long nor short, just like a central beam. Sunshine is happy and the world is open; The zodiac is auspicious, right on the beam. "
After the carpenter finished singing, the beam bearers on both sides tied up their robes and clothes and made a series of salutes. The two sang: "You come to the east and I go to the west, and the children and grandchildren wear robes; He waddled to the middle beam with the handle of the green lion in his hand. On the way to Liang, children and grandchildren are in the DPRK. "
Put the rope on the beam: "Take the top scholar's mansion before, then the prime minister's mansion".
Straighten the beam: "The golden mouth is opposite to the golden beam, and gold and silver are piled up in Man Cang".
Hammer the beam into the crack with an axe, slap it down and sing: the third hammer on the left gives birth to your son, and the third hammer on the right gives birth to the champion Lang.
After finishing the work, sing "making baby with axe handle" and put the axe on the ground. "When the axe handle falls into the sky, our boss will take care of both sides" (ask for a red envelope).
There is still a pot of wine hanging in the middle of the beam for the boss to drink:
One cup of wine is the product of the dynasty, two cups of wine are two golden flowers, three cups of wine are three gardens, four cups of wine are four seasons rich, five cups of wine are for admission, six cups of wine are six spring, seven cups of wine are seven stars, eight cups of wine are to celebrate the birthday of the Eight Immortals, nine cups of wine are to celebrate the longevity of 99, and ten cups of wine are full of houses. (Congratulations, Liang, the formula will be different from place to place)
Step 5 finish
The last part is, congratulations and good luck! (accept the red bliss and congratulate the owner). After the beams are completed, a "residential wine" will be held, couplets will be posted on the pillars of the new house, and "Purple light shines high" or "Purple light comes from the east" will be posted at the main entrance, and then craftsmen, relatives and friends will be entertained. Although rural houses have been replaced by concrete houses without beams, this ceremony will still be held when many people build houses, especially when the houses at home are finally capped. In fact, this is also the yearning for a better life!
What are the rules for building beams?
1, select auspicious day.
In order to get lucky, people need to choose a date and time before "boarding the beam", and there are almost no farmers who "board the beam" at will without choosing a date and time. What about that day? Generally, the lunar calendar will choose six or nine days; The "upper beam" time will generally be close to noon. Because the ancients thought that the days of June and September were auspicious days to avoid evil spirits and put yourself in the traditional age; Towards noon, sun be the spirit and yin be the spirit, which is auspicious. Therefore, it is necessary to choose such a day and hour to "fish on the boat".
2, please Taigong
The so-called squire is the legendary Jiang Taigong. It is said that Jiang Taigong is omnipotent and can ward off evil spirits. Therefore, it is necessary to "please" Jiang Taigong from the "home front". Therefore, the owners will put up a sign on the construction site, which reads "Jiang Taigong is here, the gods abdicate". And worship.
3, hanging color
The so-called "hanging color" means that a piece of red cloth is wrapped in the middle of the beam before it is put on the beam, and red paper with auspicious words such as "Auspicious on the beam", "Jade column on the green dragon, golden beam on the white tiger" is pasted on both ends of the beam to show auspiciousness.
4. Sacrificial beam
Before the official sacrificial ceremony, the main family also needs to hold a sacrificial ceremony, commonly known as "sacrificial beam". You need to prepare three sets of fruit offerings, put flowers, carpenter's Mo Dou and a ruler, and then light incense sticks and paper money to worship. When offering sacrifices to the beam, you need to say loudly: Today's "offering sacrifices to the beam" is an open day, with abundant financial resources and outstanding people. The golden couple, with the help of upward, successfully capped and gathered in Huatang. Finally, light firecrackers to disperse "evil spirits".
5. High beam
"Shangliang" is also very particular. It is necessary to choose eight young people with good parents and good characters to climb the wall and "pull the beam"; Young men with unsound parents or bad horoscope are not allowed to "pull the beam". At the beginning of "pulling the beam", the carpenter will recite the poem "There is a golden rooster to announce the dawn below and a phoenix to come above". Let's work harder to build Huatang better.
6, stable beam
After the beam is pulled on the roof, check the position. This proofreading process is commonly known as "stabilizing the beam". When "stabilizing the beam", we should also consider "left green dragon and right white tiger", appropriately raise the beam head on the left and lower the beam head on the right.
7. Beam throwing
The so-called "throwing beam" means throwing sorghum. Carpenters will throw sorghum mixed with candy, peanuts and colored paper from the air. At the same time, firecrackers will be set off on the construction site, and the atmosphere will be warm. Everyone ended all the work of "loading the beam" with cheers.
The above is the full introduction of "What are the rules for capping beams in rural areas". According to the customs of various regions, it is necessary to choose auspicious days to build beams, and to hold ceremonies to put on beams, say auspicious words and hang red cloth. These are all stresses on the beam, so friends who prepare the beam need to know about these stresses.