When the seedlings grow to about 5 cm, the seedlings can be fixed once to prevent the lack of seedlings, and the seedlings can be finished when the seedling height is 15 cm. It is appropriate to keep 8000 ~ 10000 seedlings per mu in Weibei dry plateau of our province. If the seedlings are transplanted and the water and fertilizer conditions are good, it is advisable to plant 3000 plants per mu.
Cultivation techniques of perilla seeds;
1, sowing
Perilla frutescens belongs to Amaranthaceae, Panicum Panicum, with a growth period of about 1 10 day, accumulated temperature of 2,200℃, 2000-3,500 seedlings per mu, and yield of 100- 175 kg per mu, which is suitable for various soil cultivation.
Perilla seeds are suitable for planting in frozen temperate zone, and the soil requirements are not strict. Perilla seeds can grow on the edge of the village, in the field or in front of the house. It is best to choose loam and sandy loam with good drainage for large-scale planting. The seedlings in fertile and humid fields grow in vain, bearing fruit late, with low yield and poor quality. Perilla seeds can be pure-bred, direct seeding or seedling transplanting.
Perilla seeds should not be sown too early, otherwise, due to the low temperature, slow germination, long time from sowing to flowering, vigorous nutritional growth and low seed setting rate. But if sowing is too late, germination is fast, growth is fast, and there is not enough nutritional growth, it will turn into reproductive growth, and the yield is not high. So the sowing date should be appropriate.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization
After stubble cleaning, ridging and fertilization, ridging with 10kg diamide. When sowing, soil moisture should be created. Use water when planting, and plant it like Chinese cabbage. The row spacing between plants should be 35×60 cm. These hills should be densely planted. It is wise to plant thinly on flat and fertile land. Too dense trees will affect the branches and reduce production.
3. Seedling raising and transplanting
Blanch the seeds with warm water at 50℃, stir and soak them for 10 hour, then take them out and drain them, and sow them on the prepared bed. 2 square meters can plant an acre of land. Crouching after seedling height 10cm, planting when it rains, the shade effect is the best, and seedlings can be pulled out and transplanted in stages. If the ditch depth is less than 10cm, the survival rate is high, and adventitious roots can be produced on the stem of perilla. This method does not compete with planting fields for agricultural time.
4. On-site management
Live 5? Plant six leaves, plant big seedlings one by one, and occasionally drop mottled seedlings. If there is a shortage of seedlings, they can be replanted after the rain, and the transplanted fields should be shoveled in time. When the leaves are yellow and the plant height is more than 70cm, secondary high-yield fertilizer should be sprayed to promote grain maturity.
5. Pests
Perilla frutescens is harmful, sometimes aphids appear. It can be mixed with dimethoate and fensha to promote the integrity and freshness of Perilla frutescens leaves and improve the commodity value when sold.
6. Harvest
In order to avoid the loss of yield caused by bird damage and scattered seeds, the top of perilla plant has just matured, so some fallen leaves of the whole plant are harvested immediately, tied into bundles and squeezed together in the shade to promote the yield increase after maturity. After being completely dried, beat and thresh the concrete floor or tarpaulin with a wooden stick to achieve soilless and clean air, put it into woven bags and store it in a windy and dry place.
7. Harvest standard
When the stems turn yellow, a small amount of seeds can be harvested by shaking the plants. Early harvest has poor grain maturity, low 1000-grain weight and low oil content. Threshing too late is easy to cause yield loss, so we must grasp the harvest time.
Cut and bundle from the roots when harvesting. Spread it out to dry and beat it with a stick or sickle. Perilla frutescens has fewer pests and diseases, most of which are rust, which is easy to occur at seedling stage. The infected cotyledons have orange spots on the back. Cotyledons break after expansion, and leaves fall off in severe cases, which affects fruit setting. Aphids are the most common pests, and if they occur, they can be controlled with common aphid control agents.
Perilla contains fatty oil and vitamin B 1. The fragrance of perilla oil can be used to make fine soaps and medicines. Perilla essence can be extracted from perilla oil. Perilla extract is 200 times sweeter than sucrose, but it has no nutritional value.
There are flavonoids in seeds and leaves, and 9 kinds of flavonoids, 2 kinds of flavonoids and 5 kinds of anthocyanins have been separated. The fruit also contains β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and tannin.
Perilla oil, the volatile oil contained in perilla, is mainly composed of perillaldehyde, accounting for 50-60% of the total, which is the main source of strong smell of perilla oil. Other major terpenes include limonene, caryophyllene and farnesene.
Perilla frutescens is composed of fatty oil 45.3%, linoleic acid 42.6%, α -linolenic acid 22.4%, vitamin B 1 and amino acid compounds.
References:
Perilla _ Baidu Encyclopedia