What is Cao Gang?
Because of the transportation of grain, Cao Gang has been in a semi-gray embarrassing situation. In the early years of Yongzheng, it obtained legal status, developed rapidly after obtaining legal status, and went underground after reorganization. Cao Gang is the collective name of China people, but in fact Cao Gang is green gang! Green gang (officially known as green gang) is a gang with a long history in China, which was founded by Weng Yan, Qian Jian and Pan Qing in the fourth year of Yongzheng. Previous disciples all took bad luck as their profession, so they called it the grain boat gang. Across the country, quite a few people have joined the gang. Green gang is one of the most widely spread and far-reaching secret folk organizations since the early Qing Dynasty.
General situation of Cao Gang
Ming rule makers are high in the temple, and hidden rules makers are far away from the rivers and lakes. Cao Gang is the maker of hidden rules, which once changed the pattern of interest differentiation in China.
During the Qianlong period, the influence has made Beijing helpless, and there is even a legend of "Qianlong's occupation".
Characteristics of straw stick
Straw sticks have the following characteristics:
1, single component. Mainly young and middle-aged male boatmen who are not enterprising, they have absorbed some scholars at the bottom.
2. Clear organization. There are cruel rules, family rules and loyalty to maintain the seriousness of the system.
3. paramilitary. Semaphore, argot and guild regulations show Cao Gang's paramilitary deployment.
These characteristics provide a good foundation for the future development of mainstream underworld organizations on land.
The rise and fall of Cao Gang made it a sample of traditional NGOs in China.
Cao Gang's background
Background:
The Ming and Qing dynasties relied on the canal to transfer grain from the south to the north, supplying the capital and border defense, and maintaining water transportation for nearly 600 years. Around the collection and transportation of grain, a set of intertwined hidden rules system has grown up, and the proper term is called "grain rules". Cao Gui is a private revision of the distribution model of legal interests. First, modify the relationship with farmers and scrape farmers several times through "floating income"; Then adjust the internal relations and distribute fertilizers as fairly and reasonably as possible. Cao Gui was banned in all dynasties. "Cao Kou" cleverly grasped this handle and took this opportunity to settle down.
Cao Kou is familiar with information channels and has information advantages. They are a mouth that can hurt Cao Gui. Cao Kou made money to shut up.
Why can Cao Kou develop? According to textual research, small households thought that Cao Kou could provide an umbrella, so they took refuge in them and asked them to pay food on their behalf to avoid being blackmailed by officials. Cao Kou was willing to do so, so he became a "contractor". That's understandable. It is definitely cheaper for a small family to feed a trough, and a single trough is definitely more profitable. This is a win-win situation. However, with a package like Cao Kou's, the extortion of officials has been reduced, and in order to safeguard the original interests, extortion has to be intensified. Small households without umbrellas have been searched more fiercely, resulting in a light and heavy situation, and public grievances are boiling.
If things get too serious, the time limit and quality of grain transportation will also be affected, which means adding trouble to the central government. Therefore, the provincial leaders in charge of grain transportation will deal with the notch and calm down the situation. The provincial leaders in charge of education think it is unfair, and the grain transportation is seriously illegal, so they don't think about correcting it. Did the board actually hit our scholar's ass? Things went wrong and the imperial edict came down. While reaffirming the discipline of grain transportation, it is required to deal with the grain mouth seriously. Cao Kou's expansion momentum was frustrated and its ecological balance was restored.
Cao Gang's career
Reason:
In the second year of Yongzheng, the founders Weng, Qian and Pan Sanzu became helpers. According to the documents in the gang, Yong Zhengdi ordered the provinces to post lists and recruit talents to handle food transportation. Grandpa Weng Qianpan was overjoyed when he got the news, so he went to Fu Department to reveal the yellow list. At that time, Futai in Henan was called Tian Wenjing. Grandpa three met Governor Tian, told him this history and wrote a note to clarify the way of grain transportation. Governor Tian is overjoyed and should play with Governor Cao. Yong Zhengdi made a decree that the three ancestors were under the jurisdiction of Zhang Dayou, the satrap of Caohe River, and under the command of He Guozong, an imperial envoy of Ganshihe River. Third Grandpa resigned from Tian Taishou and came to Qingjiangpu. Please meet Zhang and He Qinchai. He Zhang, two men, ordered three grain carriers to supervise the dredging project. Third Grandpa invited Zhang He and others to take turns in battle, asking for permission to help collect disciples in order to unify food affairs. The Qing court approved this request.
Cao Gang became a big "trade union" to safeguard its own interests, because Cao ships were bullied from escort military attache to sailors at that time; There are roughly two kinds of people who can bully the tanker:
First, if officials who pass the gate, even servants, do not satisfy their greed, they will make things difficult in many ways and miss the deadline, and the tanker will be responsible for it.
Second, the local strongmen on the dock often collude with the flag bearers, occasionally making trouble and making trouble without reason, thinking it is a means of extortion.
This is in terms of land. You will also be bullied in fortune; There are three kinds of ships that can bully grain carriers:
1. Official ships: Imperial official ships, in particular, have priority, and tankers must make way. If you deliberately make trouble, you can stay in the bottleneck area.
Second, naval ships: There are military reasons, of course, more arrogant than oil tankers.
Third, the most irritating and helpless thing is the copper boat from Yunnan. Escorting the copper ship is very hard work, so the sailors on the copper ship are indifferent. Copper ships have a heavy draught, and they are on the rampage in the waterway, invincible or sinking at the same time. In a lawsuit, the copper boat will prevail. There is a deep-rooted concept that copper ships are difficult to control because of their weight and deep water. Only other ships in the waterway can let the copper ship, and the copper ship can't let other ships. Other ships deserve it if they accidentally sink.
Organization and family law:
The ban on non-governmental organizations in Yongzheng period was related to the reorganization of Cao Gang, which involved a dispute plotting to overthrow Yongzheng. The suspect was Prince Yin Zhijun.
There are various indications that Panzu's death was a major internal change. However, one thing is certain. At that time, Cao Gang had formed a huge and tight organization, which could not be dissolved, reorganized, infiltrated or split unless various methods were used. If anyone dares to try, he will commit the third article of the "Top Ten Help Rules", which is the "death penalty" in the "Top Ten Help Rules" and dispose of the tie iron.
Cao Gang is headed by the "Jianghuai Four Schools" (within the 21st Jiangsu Gang), and its rules are as follows:
Jianghuai Gang Four changed food in Wuxi. Usually play the gossip flag, and play the apricot yellow flag on the fifteenth day of the first day; Play the yellow dragon flag in Beijing and the yellow phoenix flag in Beijing. Golden crown, mulberry twig sparrow pole in Panlong, Phnom Penh, with red on the top and black on the bottom, three purple and gold hoops, a tin pot roof at Qingmen, a purple and gold institute of Yin and Yang, Ruyitou, Liu Hai playing with money, double saffron and four streamers on the top.
There are absurd places in this account, such as the so-called "flag was given by the empress of the main palace"
However, there is an obvious problem. The purpose of hanging the flag on the ship is nothing more than identification, and simplicity is the best. Why does a grain ship hang so many flags: one is normal and the other is expected; One goes to Beijing and the other goes out of Beijing? Flags and flagpoles have a lot of auxiliary equipment, so why pay attention to them? In short, a big question is: Why is it so complicated? The most likely answer is that all kinds of flags have different meanings, and all kinds of flags are matched with each other, resulting in newer and more meanings. In other words, these flags, like flags or semaphores on modern warships, are a kind of communication equipment; Therefore, this kind of equipment is needed or used for military purposes. Cao Gang is also a paramilitary organization.
There are two ways to help China's family: one is called "incense board" or "yellow board", which is said to have been decided by Weng Qianpan's third ancestor. On the one hand, the board is "protecting the law", and on the other hand, it is the book "Violation of family rules, regardless of death". On the first day, the name of "Panlong Stick" drew a dragon on the board. In Longkou, the word "Qin Ci" is written, and on the back, the word "Panlong Stick" is written, but the word "family rules" is changed to "help rules", and the words "Imperial edict, when Ji Chun was in Qianlong for 30 years" are written.
There is no further information about joining, but there is a dragon staff given by Qin, which shows that its laws are strict and fair.
Follow-up in Cao Gang
Follow up:
In the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1), Cao Gang was forced to go ashore and develop along the canal. With its strict organization and loyalty, it became a paramilitary underworld organization along the canal. After Cao Gang entered the Republic of China, it was officially renamed green gang (green gang). Due to the increasingly depressed grain transportation, Cao Gang forgot its ancestors. As a book at the bottom of the sea, it is called Cao Tong, which makes people laugh. Green gang had a "golden age" in the Republic of China, and one of his most famous disciples was Yuan (), the second son of Hong Xian. Green gang was called green gang in Shanghai, and tycoons such as Huang and Du appeared, dominating the world until the end of the Republic of China.