Antiques and cultural relics are not inseparable from each other.
Take American antique dealers as an example. It doesn't matter if we call you an antique dealer, an antique dealer or even an antique dealer. If I call you a dealer in cultural relics or a dealer in cultural relics, I'm afraid your hair will stand on end, you will sweat and feel uncomfortable all over.
Why? Because the word cultural relics is too sensitive. In such a big China, only those officials and businessmen who legally resell cultural relics dare to print the title of "xx cultural relics store manager" on their business cards.
The difference between antiques and cultural relics is actually ancient. Aside from the elegance of folk collections, there are obvious differences between the two in terms of the collection of palace gardens.
The calligraphy and painting that emperors' concubines like naturally belongs to what we call antiques today, while the historical archives and evidence cultural relics archived by Emperor Shi Sheng are naturally what we call cultural relics now. The palace is like this, and so are people.
Let me give you another example: even if you are a monk, you will inevitably have the desire to collect and enjoy. In the Buddhist Zen temple, the monk abbot himself collected a lot of jewelry and artifacts, which naturally belong to antiques and the like; And other things-regardless of the classics-the cloak privately given to Hui Ke by the five ancestors, the Buddha's tooth relic left by the legendary Buddha and so on. Maybe it's an antique? Ancestor relics enshrined in some folk ancestral temples, especially those with special significance, educational significance, enlightening significance or commemorative significance, are not allowed to be desecrated for "enjoyment".
These relics with special significance are naturally "cultural relics" cherished by the royal family, religion and family. It is not difficult to see that the so-called antiques first value its appreciation and highlight the word "play".
As antiques and curios, their value also lies in the word "ancient", that is, they have a certain time to hone and collect. As for the word "East", it is actually "understanding". Collectors and appreciators need a certain ability of identification and appreciation, and they can also gain and improve their appreciation ability by playing with them, which is more interesting.
But then again. Although we think there is a difference between antiques and cultural relics, that is, the former is more important than the word "play" and the latter is found in the word "history", they all share the same word "ancient".
Therefore, the division between the two is vague and overlapping. Such as two staggered overlapping rings.
It is the duality of appreciation and historical evidence in some antiques or cultural relics. For example, distinguish three different parts: one is the ink of a famous person in history (probably not a calligrapher), or an old hat he wears. Its appreciation or artistic or technical value is extremely low, then this cultural relic can hardly be called an antique.
Even if you collect them, you don't value their ornamental value, only their historical significance and value. Whether it is collected in museums or personal homes, it should belong to the category of cultural relics.
Second, handicrafts, or ceramics, or jewelry, or utensils that have been popular and produced in history cannot represent the whole history or have special historical value, nor can they prove the experience and life of a historical celebrity, let alone the typical achievements of art, craft and technology in history. Such as the porcelain bowl used to worship ancestors in the ancestral hall of the rich man in Lincun village, and the pipe used by the second grandmother next door when she was young.
Trivial and trivial, although not surprising, but also moist and silent, which is obviously difficult to connect with cultural relics. The most difficult thing to define is the overlapping parts of the rings, which are double (these are clearly stipulated in the cultural relics law).
Gu Kaizhi's paintings, Wang Xizhi's ci, Gu Xuanyue, Xuande Furnace, Shangyi Zhou Ding, Qin Xihan's tablet with strong historical significance and extraordinary artistic appreciation function are even more fascinating, crazy, loving and worrying! In the confusion, we might as well take this statement as the conclusion of this random bomb: the stone tablet of Ma Yuan is an out-and-out cultural relic, and its rubbings can be called antiques? .
2. How to identify antiques
At present, there are several methods to identify antiques: ① Find some well-known professionals in today's society for manual testing, such as Cai Guosheng, Dan Guoqiang, Zhang Shufen, etc. These experts are all researchers of the Palace Museum in Beijing, and the appraisal certificates issued for antiques are recognized by the society.
(2) Find a testing instrument for testing. Now there are many machines that can detect the age and composition of antiques, so as to achieve the purpose of identifying antiques.
Such as X-6000 fluorescence spectrometer. As for where to go for identification, people have different opinions, because the domestic antique collection network market is quite chaotic, and you may be cheated if you are not careful.
I can only give you some advice here Most domestic testing institutions are liars, so it's best to find testing institutions that start with the word "country", such as the Institute of Cultural Relics Testing and Appraisal of the International Academy of Sciences, because only institutions recognized by the state will carry Chinese characters from China, so you need to judge.
3. The difference between cultural relics and antiques, antiques and artworks.
In recent years, with the vigorous development of tourism and collection in our city, the voice of establishing a standardized antique art market is getting higher and higher. However, the staff of relevant departments and some collectors still have a vague understanding of how to correctly understand the dialectical relationship between cultural relics and antiques, antiques and works of art, which leads to the slow development of the antique art market in our city and the irregular behavior of individual collectors. Recently, the reporter visited some professionals in our city and had a special discussion on this issue.
A teacher of our city museum, who asked not to be named, told the reporter that according to the provisions of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, cultural relics are non-renewable cultural resources, and all the cultural relics left in the underground, inland waters and territorial waters of People's Republic of China (PRC) belong to the state. At the same time, the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics also clearly stipulates that the ownership of cultural relics owned by collectives or individuals and other cultural relics obtained according to law shall be protected by law. Antiques, curios and works of art that we usually refer to should refer to those cultural relics that are collected by the people and are not prohibited by the state from buying and selling. Cultural relics legally owned by citizens are allowed to be exchanged or transferred and circulated according to law.
"It is relatively easy to understand the legal concept of cultural relics and explain the meanings of antiques, antiques and artworks," said Liu Baolin, a member of CPPCC and president of the Municipal Collection Association. "Antiques and antiques refer to antiques and are different expressions of a thing. Before the Qing Dynasty, people called precious antiquities' antiques', and later they gradually turned into antiques and curios. After the founding of the Republic of China, * * * came forward to protect important antiquities and monuments and set up corresponding institutions, so the word' cultural relics' appeared. Because many cultural relics have high artistic appreciation value, collectors call them art collections. An antique is a cultural relic for the cultural relics department because it has cultural protection value; It is an antique for investors because it has added value; For collectors, it is an antique art because it has artistic appreciation value. For the sake of protecting cultural relics, the state encourages non-national treasures to be' treasures for the people' and allows people to circulate according to law, which paves the way for the development of folk collections and the rise of the antique art market. "
Since the reform and opening up, art investment, stock investment and real estate investment have been called the three major investment hotspots, and their development momentum has intensified. Not long ago, an auction house in Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, auctioned a Ru Ci treasure at a sky-high price of 6.5438+0.05 million yuan, which shows how attractive the antique art market is to foreign investors. Jiaozuo area has a long history, outstanding people and rich folk collections, and there are countless antiques allowed to circulate by the state. Once, when a reporter went deep into an interview with a rural farmer in Bo 'ai County, he kicked out an ancient pottery beside a pile of pig manure, which showed that the awareness of protecting folk cultural relics was weak. If these resources are properly protected and developed, it will play an important role in promoting the healthy development of the antique art market and the upgrading of the tourism industry in our city. Liu Baolin sighed: "In view of this, it is necessary for us to clarify the concepts of cultural relics, antiques, antiques and works of art, while accelerating the construction of the antique art market, actively protect the country's cultural relics resources, avoid the phenomenon that individual law enforcement officers interfere in folk collection and exchange activities due to lack of relevant laws and cultural relics knowledge, and strive to make the construction of the antique art market in our city develop healthily in the direction of inheriting traditional culture, improving economic level and building a charming city."
4. What feng shui common sense should be paid attention to in antique collection?
From the perspective of numerology, not everyone is suitable for collecting such antiques.
Because these antiques belong to traditional culture and have their five elements. If a person's horoscope is aimed at eating gods and hurting officials, or making a fortune, then collecting antiques is very taboo.
Because antiques are in a sealed position among the ten numerology gods. You know, people like Xu Ziqi must avoid wearing antiques.
For example, friends who are jealous of dirt are also jealous of antiques. Only those who are used for printing stars, Chinese characters with canopies and Tai Chi nobles are suitable for collecting antiques, but these people are often very strange in temperament and appearance.
So, if you look at those collectors, eight out of ten were born out of phase, and that's how they came about. It is not unreasonable.
5. What problems should be paid attention to in antique collection?
What are the precautions for antique collection? Antique collection can not only organically combine economy and culture, but also increase and preserve the value of the wealth correctly invested by the public, purify people's hearts and sublimate people's lives. Obviously, antique collection has many benefits, but at the same time, risks coexist.
So, what are the precautions for antique collection? First, collectors must not buy things that they don't understand or are not sure about, otherwise the money is likely to be "wasted"! "Change your surname"! This is because the antique industry is "deep in water". Second, collectors can't "build a car behind closed doors", can't be self-righteous, can't have the idea of "Laozi is the best in the world", and can't go shopping with books and catalogues. In order to take part in more exercises, they must learn to swim in swimming.
The best learning method for appreciating the collection of cultural relics and antiques is "9+ 1", that is, reading one point and practicing nine points. At the same time, we should learn more national professional textbooks. Never be misled by some commodity books, auction catalogues or online sky-high prices, and never be "brainwashed" by some businessmen or a few experts. We must always keep a clear head and be an understanding collector.
Third, collectors should overcome greed, don't engage in antiques with the idea of getting rich overnight, and think deeply in many aspects when buying goods. Because antiques are a complex and special "special zone" industry, the still water is deep and seemingly calm, but it is actually a fast-flowing water. If you are not careful, you will be swallowed up by the "ghosts and gods" in the water. You should always be on guard against "civilization theft".
4. Collectors must strictly choose antique experts, not just the positions, titles and auras of some experts, but the practical experience of experts in "feeling their pulse". Its experts are like Chinese medicine. If the diagnosis is correct, the right medicine is good for health. Otherwise, it will endanger health and even endanger people's lives.
Only by choosing the right experts can we completely avoid the blindness of "blind medical treatment due to illness". There are three basic points in selecting experts: first, experts must have national qualifications and check online; Second, ask experts to clearly interpret the eight elements of the object: 1. Clear the name of the object; 2. age of clearance; 3. Clear the place of origin; 4. Make a clear distinction between official and civilian equipment; 5. The texture is clear; 6. Clarify the process characteristics; 7. Clear appearance; 8. Clear identification (for reference only); Third, experts are required to "identify mistakes and be responsible for double indemnity" and "both parties shall sign contracts and handle them according to the rules". Only by signing a contract can the responsibilities, rights and obligations of both parties be clarified; Only by ensuring compensation can we avoid the malicious or well-intentioned mistakes of a few unscrupulous experts as much as possible, and finally urge experts to standardize their behavior, do what they can and be strict in self-discipline.
I think: antique experts are not omnipotent, especially those who face market appraisal and valuation, and they are not omnipotent, because antique collections are all-encompassing, encyclopedias, and experts are people rather than gods. Therefore, it is more important to standardize the work behavior of experts. Any expert who can't clearly understand the "intractable diseases" of the above eight elements can't charge fees, let alone express his opinions at will.
Only in this way can we avoid the mistakes of both the service and the service as much as possible, and we will not let the treasure collectors (collectors) be misled by experts and eat "bitter fruit". Here, I would like to add that it is strictly forbidden for experts to buy any collection (paid treasure hunt service) during the appraisal process, otherwise it will be cheating.
I don't think treasure experts can be "referees" and "athletes" at the same time, otherwise they are deceiving others and the world. Collectors must link their collections with the market.
The market is like a thermometer. Its collection is high in price, low in price and true and false, which can best reflect the "cold and hot". The specific way is: collectors should not show up directly in the market, but can appoint their family members, or trusted friends and employees to take their collections to the cultural relics and antiques market for inquiry or pretend to sell them, and visit 100 households and 1000 households to listen to their opinions extensively. The result is natural and clear, which is also one of the shortcuts to be realistic in antique appraisal.
Six, collectors must have a forward-looking vision, instead of accepting all kinds of fine products and complete parts on the market, not greedy for cheap, accepting staple food, low-grade goods and prostitutes. Only in this way can the wealth they have invested increase in value faster, more reliably and more stably.
The prerequisite of this proposition must be to ask collectors to do what they can according to their hobbies. 7. Collectors must treat antiques rationally and moderately. I suggest that all antique collections worth more than 1 10,000 yuan should sign an agreement with the transferor (seller), and all collections worth more than110,000 yuan should sign an agreement with the other party and be notarized by the judicial department.
The seller must be required to guarantee the authenticity of his collection, otherwise it is agreed to return it unconditionally. When it comes to buying and selling interests, only by signing a contract to clarify the responsibilities, rights and obligations of both parties can we use laws and regulations to safeguard our legitimate collection rights and interests; In order to avoid being cheated as much as possible.
Why do I have to sign a contract to buy and sell antiques here? This is because the traditional virtues of Chinese civilization are: helping others and doing good deeds, but some people in today's antique industry run counter to it. People who don't know the goods, not only don't help others to explain their age and value, but instead calculate each other by "missing" or cheating, and regard success as their own skill, glory and pride. It is precisely because of this common and frequent phenomenon that I appeal to the vast number of collectors to "do harm to others and prevent others." It is necessary to make clear the importance and necessity of paying for shopping and signing an agreement.
Here, I also believe that the "disappearance" of the antique industry can only show that professional knowledge has taken the lead, and it will never represent the evolution of morality! ! Eight, collectors should be clear about the boundaries between handicrafts and antiques and cultural relics. Anyone who collects handicrafts should first choose the quality of its materials, and then pay attention to its artistic features, characteristics and main elements. Anyone who collects antiques and cultural relics must first find out the age of his collection, and then pay attention to its artistic and comprehensive characteristics.
On the road of collecting, only when everyone has a clear direction first and then works hard can he be a successful collector realistically. 9. When transferring (selling) collections, collectors should also pay attention to preventing a few treasure experts from colluding with some illegal auction companies and antique business institutions, playing "contract word games", "cages" and "dividing accounts" and conspiring for black profits. Never covet high prices or win prizes.
6. What are the provisions of China's Cultural Relics Protection Law on the management of folk cultural relics?
(1) Legal ways of collecting cultural relics by the people: inheriting or accepting gifts according to law, buying from cultural relics shops, buying from auction enterprises operating cultural relics auctions, exchanging or legally transferring cultural relics legally owned by individual citizens and other legal ways stipulated by the state; ② Legal circulation of folk cultural relics: cultural relics with illegal sources shall not be bought or sold; (3) the state's monitoring of folk cultural relics: it is forbidden to resell cultural relics and sell them to foreigners without permission; (4) Cultural relics shops and auction enterprises: Except approved cultural relics shops and auction enterprises, no other unit or individual may engage in cultural relics purchase business or cultural relics commercial activities.
7. What's the difference between cultural relics, antiques and antiques?
"Cultural relics" refer to valuable historical relics in the history of cultural development, which are precious historical and cultural heritages of human beings, such as buildings, inscriptions and various artworks.
"Antique" refers to artifacts handed down from ancient times, which can be used as a reference for understanding ancient culture. "Antique" is also called "Gu Dong". The so-called "bone" means to preserve the essence of the past; The so-called "east" means knowing and understanding.
"Gudong" is the essence of the Ming and Xiao ancients. As for [ancient prose], in fact, "ancient style", "ancient style" and "ancient style" have the same meaning, but because of the changes of the times, people have different names.
From the comparison between cultural relics and antiques or antiques, cultural relics cover a longer time than antiques or antiques, because cultural relics can be ancient, modern or contemporary, and as long as they are excellent cultural products, they can be included in the category of cultural relics. Antiques and antiques are not. Modern and contemporary things cannot be called antiques and antiques.
Because many cultural relics have high artistic appreciation value, collectors call them art collections. An ancient work of art is a cultural relic for the cultural relics department because it has cultural protection value; It is an antique for investors because it has added value; For collectors, it is an antique art because it has artistic appreciation value.
In order to protect cultural relics, the state encourages cultural relics that are not national treasures to be "treasured by the people" and allows people to circulate according to law, which paves the way for the development of folk collections and the rise of the antique art market.