Why write down the decision before the war? As long as students read the famous sentences in Sun Tzu's Art of War, the questions will suddenly become clear and students will readily understand. Because in Sun Tzu's view, the best way to guide the war is to defeat the enemy's strategic plan, the enemy's diplomacy, the enemy's army and the siege. Therefore, it is the best policy to "plan before you move" and "plan before you move". The pre-war decision-making of Battle of Red Cliffs is based on the "plan before you move" and "plan before you move" in Sun Tzu's Art of War.
Pre-war decision-making is called "temple calculation" in Sun Tzu's Art of War. "Sun Tzu Ji Pian" said: "The temple was the victorious party before the war, which was excessive; If the temple didn't win before the war, it would be too few. Win more and win less, nothing? From this perspective, I will see the victory or defeat. " In ancient times, a ceremony was held in the ancestral temple to discuss and decide the operational strategy, which can also refer to pre-war decision-making or logging. Sun Wu's "how much is the temple" emphasizes that victory or defeat depends on "how much is the temple". "Temple calculation" is the most important thing, which refers to the detailed evaluation of various subjective and objective conditions before the war and the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of both sides in many aspects. The specific content of "temple calculation" is called "five things" (Tao, heaven, earth, total and law) and "seven quantities" (who is the Lord? Who can? What is heaven and earth? What is the law? Who is stronger? Who practices foot soldiers? What are the rewards and punishments? "Before the war, you will win the war if you are sure, that is, you will win the war if you are not sure, or you will lose the war if you are not sure (or you are wrong in your estimation, or you can't see one thing clearly). Because the correctness of pre-war decision-making (temple calculation) is related to success or failure, it is no wonder that Sima Guang, who can "test the gains and losses of the past", wants to write a close-up on it.
Therefore, we can say that Battle of Red Cliffs's whole pre-war decision-making was a process of "temple calculation" by using the military principles of Sun Tzu's Art of War. So how did Lu Su, Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu in Battle of Red Cliffs use Sun Tzu's Art of War to calculate temples? Please see the analysis below.
One is Lu Su, a cutting expert who thinks of Hongyuan.
"Wu Shu" says: "Su is strict with others and not good at drama. He is frugal both at home and abroad and does not do vulgar things. To manage and rectify the army, it is necessary to enforce the ban. Although I am in the army, I can't put it down. He is also good at talking, can belong to literary language, thinks far and wide, and has extraordinary knowledge. After Zhou Yu, Su Weiguan. " In Battle of Red Cliffs, Lu Su's "Sidu Justin" temple is magical. If it's credit, I think he can take the lead. At the beginning of Battle of Red Cliffs, when he "heard about Liu Biao's death", he immediately advised Sun Quan. This proposal has two main points. First, Jingzhou is inevitable. Because "Jingzhou is connected with the country, mountains and rivers are dangerous and solid, fertile fields are thousands of miles away, and scholars are rich." If there is evidence, this emperor's capital is also. " In the Art of War, this is called "anticipate the enemy's victory, count the risks, and strike first." Topography of Sun Tzu's Art of War. Second, anti-Cao must unite with Liu. Lu Su has a keen eye and knows that "Liu Bei is fierce in the world and has a gap with Cao Cao". He should "make a good alliance with Cao Cao wholeheartedly." He can also assess the situation, estimate that "everything is ready", and fully understand the importance of timing: "There is no hurry today, and you may be ahead of Cao Cao." This is called "breaking off diplomatic relations" in Sun Tzu's Art of War, that is, taking the lead in diplomacy and striving for alliance with the enemy, thus achieving the strategic goal of strengthening oneself and isolating the enemy and creating conditions for the victory of the war. Later, at the behest of Sun Quan, Lu Su took pains to "break off diplomatic relations" and used his relationship with Zhu Gejin to "establish diplomatic relations" with Zhuge Liang. This shows that Lu Su really deserves to be a master of cutting and processing the Art of War, and also a "Philip Burkart knowledgeable" counselor. Later, Sun Quan "praised Lu Su as a captain to help the army plan", and Lu Su deserved this position.
Second, the visionary strategist Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang appreciates Sun Tzu's Art of War. He once said: "War is not Sun Wu's plan, and there is no way out." Zhuge Liang is familiar with the Art of War. He is not only resourceful and decisive, but also has a far-reaching strategic vision. Not to mention his grand strategy of "making friends with Sun Quan", "crossing", "crossing the west and Vietnam" and "aiding South Vietnam" in Longzhong Dui, and then "setting the Central Plains in the north", just his words to Sun Quan before Battle of Red Cliffs showed that he was resourceful and proficient in understanding Sun Tzu's Art of War. In order to relieve Sun Quan's worries about the future of the war and make Sun Quan join Cao as soon as possible, he calculated Cao Cao's temple from three aspects with the Art of War. First, "Cao Cao's soldiers are tired from afar", and people are tired if they continue to fight. "This so-called' a spent force cannot penetrate the enemy', so the art of war is taboo, saying' you must be a general'" (this is from Sun Tzu's Art of War); Second, "northerners don't learn to fight with water." This is called knowing the situation and being strong, "knowing the enemy can attack" and "knowing yourself and knowing yourself, you will be invincible; Knowing heaven and earth, winning is complete. " (Sun Tzu's terrain); Third, our army was newly incorporated, and the people of Jingzhou were attached to Cao, but they were forced, not persuaded. This article is called "Tao" in Sun Tzu's Art of War, and it is placed at the top of the "five things", that is, "Tao makes people consistent with the world". Cao Cao Jun's heart is not satisfied, and the people are not satisfied. How can the war be unbeaten? Starting from these three points, Zhuge Liang asserted that "Cao Cao will be defeated" and magically predicted: "If Cao Cao's army is defeated, it will return to the north, making Jing and Wu strong and tripartite confrontation." Zhuge Liang's "Temple Calculation" uses the word "will" in succession, which is absolutely clear. This shows Zhuge Liang's shrewdness and magic, which shows Zhuge Liang's extraordinary insight and foresight. So his "temple calculation" made Sun Quan "happy", and so did Sun Quan. How can future generations not admire Zhuge Liang's foresight in understanding the art of war when they read this "temple calculation"?
Third, strategist Zhou Yu.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu's image is not good. People always think that he is narrow-minded and his strategy is always inferior to Zhuge Liang. However, in As a Mirror, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang are neck and neck. According to Biography of Jiang Biao, Cheng Pu praised Zhou Yu: "Being friends with Duke Jin of Zhou, you don't get drunk." Sun Quan praised: "Gong Jin's civil and military strategy is simple, and the talents of ten thousand people are vast." "With Wang Zuo as its capital". These comments are not exaggerated. If students want to truly understand Zhou Yu's heroic image, they must have a good look at Zhou Yu's wonderful Temple Calculation before Battle of Red Cliffs, and students will understand that Zhou Yu is as familiar with Sun Tzu's Art of War as Zhuge Liang. The main formula of Zhou Yu's "temple calculation" is the eight-character famous sentence "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle" in Sun Tzu's Art of War, and the sub-formula is the "seven strategies" in Sun Tzu's Art of War. He first estimated our (grandson's) advantages. 1. "Who can do it?" -The Outstanding Talent of General SHEN WOO and the Fierce Fighting between Father and Brother. 2. "What is heaven and earth?" -"Jiangdong is separated by thousands of miles." 3. "Who can? Is the soldier strong? " -"Soldiers make good use of it, and heroes are happy." Then he estimated the enemy's disadvantage ("the number of soldiers is also a disaster"): 1. The northern soil is uneven, and Ma Chao Han Sui is "a future trouble"; 2. Fuck pommel horse and strive for balance with Wu Yue; 3. "The weather is cold and the horse has no draft grass; 4. "Cao Jun is not used to water and soil. He is sure to get sick. "After such careful calculation, he assured Sun Quan:" I asked for tens of thousands of elite soldiers to ensure that the generals would break through. " Later, "See Sun Quan again at night", and Sun Quan once again made a temple calculation of Cao Jun's "reality", and concluded that "there will only be 150,000 or 60,000 people in his office in China", and he was tired for a long time to guard against "suspicious people". He once again promised: "I will invite 50,000 elite soldiers to guard themselves." This strengthened Sun Quan's determination to resist Cao Cao. This shows that Zhou Yu is really a master of "temple planning". He was able to defeat hundreds of thousands of Cao Cao's troops with 30,000 people and win a great victory in Battle of Red Cliffs, which was the result of his "too many temples". Later generations Su Shi strongly praised Zhou Yu in the book Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia: "A heroic and dashing, feather fan shine on you, talking and laughing, dusty. "While appreciating and praising General Zhou Yu's demeanor and brilliant military achievements, we should not forget his painstaking research on the art of war and his comprehensive and accurate' temple calculation' in pre-war decision-making.
However, Zhang Zhao and others were frightened by Cao Cao's imaginary number of 800,000, and "no longer expect it to be true or false", so it is really sad and ridiculous to advocate reducing exercise. Lu Su, Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yu, etc. Have a keen understanding of the situation. Everyone can be familiar with the principle of "chaos is born in governance, fear is born in courage, and weakness is stronger than strength" in the Art of War. In the end, they can defeat the strong with the weak because they understand that "the soldiers are not expensive, but there is no Wujin, which is enough to unite the soldiers and expect the enemy to lead people." (Sun Tzu's Art of War Marching) That is to say, there are not many soldiers, so long as they don't follow blindly, they can concentrate their efforts, recognize the enemy's situation clearly and select talents. This view was used to guide Battle of Red Cliffs's pre-war decision-making. This is the purpose and intention of Sima Guang's detailed writing about pre-war decision-making. He asked future generations to pay more attention to "temple calculation"-in view of these historical pre-war decisions.
In addition, in Battle of Red Cliffs, Huang Gai's fake surrender is a clever use of "all is fair in war" and "surprise" in Sun Tzu's Art of War (Sun Tzu's plan; Huang Gai's "fire attack" is also a flexible use of Sun Tzu's fire attack. Although these measures in actual combat are not within the "temple calculation", they also belong to the category of "cutting", which also requires commanders to "plan" and make decisions before the war. The pre-war decision-making (Temple Calculation) was so important that Sima Guang spared no expense to write down the whole process of this magical "governance", leaving extremely valuable historical experience for the Song Emperor and future generations. Wu Sansheng in Yuan Dynasty said in the preface to the new note "Zi Zhi Tong Jian": "Being ignorant of the mirror for the sake of the monarch is the art of governing the source, and being evil and ignorant of preventing chaos; Being a minister without knowing Tong Jian means that there is nothing to govern the people. As a minister who doesn't know Tong Jian, he must be humiliated first, and doing things is not enough to refuse; It's like using soldiers to create law and discipline, and I don't know what the ancients got. When the ancients lost, they won and lost, with advantages and disadvantages. This is inevitable. " Wu Sansheng's words emphasized the significance of reading Zi Tong Zhi Jian, and here we can also use his words to illustrate the significance of pre-war decision-making ("temple calculation") in reading Battle of Red Cliffs. When teaching Battle of Red Cliffs, teachers should not only let students master some basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also guide students how to read Zi Tongzhi Jian, because it is related to "learning from the ancients", which is a knowledge that will benefit students for life, and teachers must teach it. Therefore, the author features this article and seeks advice from colleagues in the education sector.