1. The contrast between Liu Chan and his father Liu Bei is too great.
As the emperor of Shu Han, Liu Chan inherited the legacy of his father Liu Bei. Although Liu Bei was also called a rare hero in the world in his early years, he was displaced from place to place and didn't even have a place of his own size. But this man never gave up, and he was defeated again and again, and he became more and more brave. He has been living in the cracks, but he has never given up looking for his own success.
Liu Bei's real starting point is Jingzhou, and his brother Liu Biao belongs to Jingzhou. Liu Biao thinks that his two sons can't do it and needs the help of this brother.
However, this place is not allowed to exist independently. Cao Cao wants to master this place and cross the Yangtze River to unify the whole country. Without this place, Sun Quan would have no gate. At this time, Liu Bei was unable to compete with these two families. Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei that there is still a place in the world that can belong to you, which is surprising.
Liu Bei knew that God could only give him such an opportunity, but the strongman didn't give him much time. Liu Bei seized this opportunity, seized Xichuan, gained a firm foothold and established the Shu-Han regime. It can be said that Liu Bei succeeded in self-improvement.
Liu Chan didn't give him a country like his father did, but he lost it.
In addition, Liu Bei's will also brought bad influence to Liu Chan. There is a sentence in Liu Bei's suicide note: "If the heir can help, help it;" If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. "In the past, it was generally believed that this sentence meant that if Liu Chan could help him, he would help him; If you think he knows nothing, be the emperor yourself.
Now there is another interpretation: if Liu Chan can help, help him; If you don't think he is cut out for this material, you can choose another one (from my other sons) as emperor.
No matter how to interpret it, I always feel that Liu Bei is not so relieved about this son, and his disappointment is beyond words. This also had a bad influence on Liu Chan, thinking that Liu Bei felt that this son was also a risk-averse who could not afford to help.
If Liu Bei can give a few compliments, can things be better? If this passage is aimed at Zhuge Liang, it is somewhat aimed at Zhuge Liang, then when Liu Chan was emperor, he was conferred as a prince, and there was not a word of praise.
Liu Bei said, "Made in Liu Yuxin, my Han Dynasty is in danger. Thieves and ministers steal the country and usurp the throne, and the country does not seek hegemony. I have observed the good intentions of people of insight and civil and military officials and respected God's commands. I inherited the imperial industry of the Han Dynasty.
Liu Chan is now the Crown Prince, so that he can visit the ancestral temple in the future and settle the country in a respectful and serious way. I hereby order Zhuge Liang to seal our time. I hope the prince will listen to the teacher and get a lot of benefits from doing a good deed. You must work hard! "At that time, Liu Chan has been the king of Hanzhong for two years!
3. Zhuge Liang's strength made Liu Chan do nothing, which also made people feel that Liu Chan was even more incompetent.
Liu Chan was seventeen when he became emperor. Before that, he had no experience of doing things independently, and Zhuge Liang was the only one in power. When Liu Bei died, he wrote a special letter to Liu Chan, asking him to treat Zhuge Liang like his father.
After Liu Chan came to power, some historical books also said that he once said, "The government belongs to Ge's family and sacrifices for me", which means that Zhuge Liang has the final say in all government affairs and only cares about the national memorial service and other affairs. Liu Chan didn't just talk, he really did it. After Liu Chan proclaimed himself emperor, he asked Zhuge Liang to "govern the government", that is, to set up the Prime Minister's yamen to operate independently.
In addition, in the early days when he became emperor, many decisions were made by Zhuge Liang, such as establishing friendly relations with Wu, quelling the rebellion in southern counties and sending troops to attack Wei.
In particular, establishing friendly relations with Wu should not be such a decision, because Liu Bei died because of the failure to levy Wu. When Zhuge Liang was alive, the relationship with Wei was basically out of attack, that is, Shu took the initiative to resist the North.
This is in line with the later generations' regret for the demise of the Han family, because Zhuge Liang's slogan of northern expedition to the Central Plains is to restore the Han family to the world. After Zhuge Liang's death, the military action against Wei was not as strong as that of Zhuge Liang.
In this contrast, it also makes people feel that the Shu-Han Empire can still be supported by such talents as Zhuge Liang. Without this pillar, Shu declined. All this proves Liu Chan's incompetence from both positive and negative aspects, and also shows that Liu Chan is really a soft rope, not a bamboo pole-it can't be lifted!
Influenced by The Romance of Three Kingdoms, Liu Chan also ruined Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang went farthest in the Northern Expedition, that is, when he won the greatest victory, Liu Chan sent a letter to Zhuge Liang asking him to come back. Zhuge Liang didn't know what had happened in the capital, so he had to dispatch troops.
After coming back, Zhuge Liang asked Liu Chan why he wanted to transfer soldiers. Liu Chan had nothing to say, so he had to prevaricate with the absence of the Prime Minister. This is to think that the Shu-Han regime has lost the best chance to unify the whole country, and that Liu Chan is really a risk-averse who can't afford to help.
In fact, Zhuge Liang took the road of fighting between Liu Bang and Han Xin, but his opponent was definitely not the frightened General Qin San, but the powerful Cao Wei regime.
Zhuge Liang's army has never seen Chang 'an, let alone Xu County, the capital of Cao Wei regime! The so-called "pacifying the Central Plains" and "reviving the Han Dynasty" are really eight words. However, the novelist's writing has its own charm, and Liu Chan can only admit that he is unlucky!
4. "Happy without thinking about Shu" is considered as the most spineless person. Such a man is not even as good as a mansion owner, let alone an emperor.
In the summer of 263 AD, Wei set out to attack Shu and began a decisive battle to unify the whole country. In winter, the general of Wei, Wargo, took Mianzhu, accepted the advice of his liegeman and surrendered to Wei. After Liu Chan's family moved to Luoyang, they were named the Duke of Happiness.
At that time, the emperor of Wei had become a puppet, and the power was actually in the hands of Sima. So he gave a banquet and sang and danced. After seeing it, the old ministers of Shu Han were very sad except as usual.
Si Mazhao said to Jia Chong, "If a person is heartless, will he end up like this person?" ! Even if Zhuge Liang were here, it would not be fulfilled for a long time, not to mention Jiang Wei, who is more incompetent? Jia Chong said, "If not, how could your highness easily annex him!" ! "This is probably the first time that Liu Chan is an unworthy advocate!
A few days later, he asked, "Do you miss Shu very much?" He said, "I am happy here, but I don't want to be comfortable." . This is the origin of the idiom "not making progress".
This heartless remark is probably unbearable. After hearing this, the former official of Shu asked to see him, and then said to him, "If Wang () asks again later, he should answer in tears that' the ancestral grave is far away in Gansu and Sichuan, so he is often sad in his heart, and he doesn't miss him every day', and then close his eyes."
When Si Mazhao asked him again, Liu Chan answered according to the previous words, and Si Mazhao said, "How is this like what you said!" Liu Chan looked at Si Mazhao in surprise and said, "This is what you said." People around Si Mazhao laughed.
If Liu Chan's performance in front is a risk aversion that can't be helped, then the following remarks show that Liu Chan is simply a risk aversion that is not worth supporting.
In feudal times, the emperor was different from ordinary people because he had a "legacy", whether it was left by his ancestors or earned by himself. As a monarch of national subjugation, Liu Chan certainly dared not talk about the "heritage" of Shu, but as an ordinary person, according to the requirements of his time, it is the minimum filial piety to pay homage to his parents on holidays and the day of national subjugation.
Liu Chan doesn't even care about this "humanity". Is he still human? How can such a "master" who is not even as good as his right-hand man be supported?
The three countries were formed in the era of hegemony, and it is also a historical necessity to move towards reunification. Liu Chan's performance is likely to lose his usual inheritance. In the heroic era of the Three Kingdoms, he died very lucky and peacefully. Who can expect him to be the "overlord"?
So when Zhuge Liang called himself Guan Zhong, people recognized him, but the country of the Han Dynasty did not last. Adou, unable to help, naturally assumed this responsibility. Of course, it's worth pointing out that if there is such an emperor after Liu Chan, people will say that he is like Liu Chan and Liu Chan, and the others are not worth mentioning.
Liu Adou is not powerless for the following reasons:
Although Liu Chan is not a wise and promising monarch, nor is he a completely cowardly and incompetent person, he has at least moderate wisdom, and the hat of "Helpless Adou" should really be taken off for him. The reason is that he ascended the throne in 223 AD, and was deposed by Wei in 263 AD, claiming to be in office for 4 1 year, and was the longest-serving monarch in the Three Kingdoms period.
In the turbulent era of warlordism and war, it is impossible to be in power for so long without considerable intelligence. Some people attributed Liu Chan's stable proclaimed himself to Zhuge Liang's assistance. In fact, Zhuge Liang died in 234 AD. After his death, Liu Chan was emperor for 29 years. It's hard to say that it's all thanks to Zhuge Liang's assistance.
In order to make Liu Chan well informed and master the art of governing the country, Liu Bei asked him to learn more books such as Shen Zi, Han Feizi, Guan Zi and Liu Tao, and Zhuge Liang personally copied these books for him to read. And let him learn Zuo Zhuan from the Book of Changes. Not only that, but also let him learn Wushu. There is a record in Cosmic Tale: "The shooting mountain is fifteen miles north of Chengdu County, and Liu Zhu Zen shoots here."
Zhuge Liang was very satisfied with Liu Chan's performance. Zhuge Liang commented on Liu Chan in "The Book with Dewey": "The court was eighteen years old, and it was virtuous and kind, and the corporal was an adjutant." This sensitive word can show that A Dou is not stupid, otherwise Zhuge Liang wouldn't be cynical?
It is also recorded in The Book of Jin Shi Mi Chuan that Smith thinks that Liu Chan, as a monarch, can be compared with Qi Huangong, the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi Huangong became the overlord, and Liu Chan became Zhuge Liang, competing with Qiang and Wei.
Moreover, on the issue of the Northern Expedition, Liu Chan was very clear-headed. When Zhuge Liang longed for the northern expedition, he once advised: "It is difficult to follow his father to the south; Before returning to Beijing, I sat without a seat; Now I want to go north again, but I am afraid of worrying. " Although Zhuge Liang didn't listen to his advice, Liu Chan fully supported Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition once the resolution was formed.
After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan immediately stopped the Northern Expedition which wasted national strength and money. Sima Yi led an army to conquer Gongsun Yuan in Liaodong. Liu Chan was afraid that Jiang Wan would make the same mistake as Zhuge Liang, so he warned Jiang Wan not to make a move. "Wu must act, and both East and West are embarrassed to take advantage." Wei Yan rebelled, but falsely played Yang Yi to rebel.
After listening to Wei Yan's performance, Liu Chan immediately raised questions and said, "Wei Yan is a brave general who can refuse Yang Yi and others. Why did he burn the plank road? " After Wei Yan was killed, Liu Chan did not completely deny Wei Yan. Instead, he issued a decree saying, "Now that I have cleared my name, I still remember my previous job and gave it to a coffin for burial."
In order to prevent the power of the worthies from being too heavy, Fei Yi was named minister and general, in charge of government affairs, and Jiang Wan was named fu, in charge of military affairs. Their powers cross and contain each other, but each has its own emphasis.
After Jiang Wan's death, he "took charge of the state affairs" and monopolized the power, which completely solved the political situation of "everything depends on the prime minister" in Shu for many years. Therefore, from the historical truth, Liu Chan is by no means a mediocre master.