Operating table is a figurative position. The title of this passage compares "operating table" to "battle position", which vividly expresses the importance and particularity of "operating table", highlights the tense and critical atmosphere, and praises the noble quality and great internationalist spirit of Dr. Bethune who fought on the operating table.
2. personification.
Song of the Sea uses personification. The title regards the lifeless sea as a living "person" who can sing, express feelings and express thoughts. The personification technique is used in the theme, which not only makes the article lively and interesting, but also is full of human touch and interesting to read.
Step 3 ask questions.
What is happiness? Use rhetoric. Asking questions in the title reveals the center of the whole paper, which can attract readers' attention, inspire thinking and deepen understanding.
4. Puns.
Puns are used in Gao Bei. On the surface, "tall" means that the unknown uncle is tall, but in fact he is helpful, noble and admirable.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) reference.
"You are wrong" uses a quotation, which is the original words of the protagonist in the article. "You are wrong" is not only a severe refutation of the enemy by Fang Zhimin martyrs, but also reflects the essential difference between the * * * production party and the Kuomintang, highlighting the center and making clear the theme.
Step 6 flip.
Goodbye, dear. This writing not only exaggerates the atmosphere, but also highlights the incomparable attachment of the protagonist and his relatives.
A careful study of the title of the article is of great benefit to everyone's examination and drafting. I hope everyone can pay more attention to it in their usual study.
metaphor
The characteristics of (1) metaphor
Metaphor is "metaphor" That is to grasp the similarities between two different things and compare one thing with another. Generally speaking, the structure of metaphor should be composed of three parts, namely, ontology (the object to be compared), vehicle (the object to be compared) and figurative words (the symbol of figurative relationship). The key of metaphor is that A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise it cannot be established.
3 [Basic Application of Chinese] Correct use of common rhetorical devices
(2) Types of metaphor
1 simile. The typical form is: A is like B, and ontological vehicles all appear, which are connected by metaphors such as "image, image, as if, as if". For example, harvested crops are piled up like hills to keep a stable temperature.
2 metaphor. The typical form is: A is B. Ontological vehicles all appear, with no figurative words in the middle. They are often connected by "yes", "becoming" and "becoming". For example, the square is a sea of snow-white garlands, and monuments have been piled into snow-white hills.
3 metaphor. The typical form is: A generation B. Without ontology, it directly describes the vehicle. But it is different from metonymy. Use metonymy to get the relevant points of two things, and use metaphor to get the similarities of two things. For example, "catching sparrows with eyes closed" and "blind people touching elephants" are careless, boastful and content with a little knowledge. This extremely bad style still exists among many comrades in our Party.
4 metaphor. Use several metaphors to compare the same ontology from different angles and with different similarities. For example, look, are those girls in windbreakers who come by bike dancing, red butterflies, green parrots or blue peacocks?
(3) The function of metaphor
Mainly to turn plain into vivid; Or turn abstruse into simple; Or abstract into concrete; Or turn verbosity into conciseness.
(4) The following situations, although there are words such as "like" and "as if", are not figurative sentences. For example:
She is very much like her mother in character. (Similar contrast)
It's getting dark. It looks like rain. (expressing conjecture)
She seemed to hear her heart beating violently. (expressing imagination)
Many touching figures have emerged in our time, such as Xu Honggang and Li Xiangqun. (for enumeration)
4. Similar
Characteristics of (1) analogy
According to imagination, treat things as adults, treat abstract concepts as adults or things, or describe people as things and things as other things. Its form is: things are humanized, or people are materialized, or things are materialized.
(2) the type of analogy
(1) personification (writing things as adults). For example, the green grass on the soft mud is oily and swaying underwater.
(2) simulacra (writing people as objects or writing A as objects B). For example, when I got outside the house, my mother had already greeted me, and then my eight-year-old nephew Honger flew out.
(3) the role of analogy
The correct use of metaphor increases the vividness and vividness of language, which can not only make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also have a strong feeling for them, thus making * * * sound.
3. Metonymy.
Characteristics of (1) metonymy
Don't say the real name of the thing you want to say directly, but borrow the name of something closely related to people or things instead.
(2) Types of metonymy
① Feature-generated ontology. For example, the beard roared.
(2) Substance replaces noumenon. For example, wood tied with rope is straight, and gold is sharp.
③ Logo generates ontology. For example, who would have expected to fall into the hands of "three heads" or something? This is not wrong!
(4) Famous works. For example, we should read more books about Lu Xun.
5 nicknames instead of yourself. For example, Chai Lu Explosion, let's make a fire!
⑥ proper name generalization. For example, a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets.
⑦ The concrete generation is abstract. For example, don't take a needle or thread from the masses.
8 Part replaces the whole. For example: sing low eyebrows and don't write, and the moonlight shines like water on the skirt.
(3) The role of metonymy
Replace complexity with simplicity; Replace the virtual with the real; Replace ordinary with odd numbers; Exchange things for feelings. It can arouse people's association and make the expression receive outstanding images, distinctive features and concrete and vivid effects.
Step 4 exaggerate
(1) exaggerated features
In order to pursue a certain expressive effect, it is reasonable to deliberately expand or shrink the original things. It is required that the foundation and basis of life should not be lost when using it, and that it should not be exaggerated all over the sky and give people a sense of reality.
(2) types of exaggeration
① Enlarge and exaggerate. For example, I still have a good heart, even if I die nine times, I have no regrets.
(2) reduce exaggeration. For example, Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills.
3 exaggerate in advance. For example, if you don't drink, you will get drunk first, your eyes will bleed and your heart will turn to dust.
(3) the role of exaggeration
It is beneficial to highlight the essence and characteristics of things, clearly express the author's emotional attitude towards things, and increase the vividness of language.
5. Duality
(1) dual characteristics
Two phrases or sentences with equal or roughly equal words, the same or similar structure, and related or opposite meanings are symmetrically arranged together.
(2) the type of duality
① According to the content, it can be divided into right, reverse and string.
Right-to-right: the dual form of similar, similar, complementary and contrasting meanings of the upper and lower sentences. For example, birds in captivity miss the old forest, and fish in the pond miss home.
Objection: the dual form of the opposite or opposite meaning of the upper and lower sentences. For example, fatigue can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die.
Series pair: Also called "flow pair". The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual forms of inheritance, progressiveness, causality, hypothesis and conditionality. For example, reading is like breaking thousands of books, and writing is like god's help.
4 [Basic Application of Chinese] Correct use of common rhetorical devices
② According to the form, it can be divided into working pair and wide pair.
The so-called work pair means that the number of words, part of speech, structure, level and words all meet the requirements of collocation; The so-called tolerance means that it basically meets the requirements of confrontation, but it is slightly different in some aspects. It's just that the formal requirements are slightly looser.
③ According to the structure, it can be divided into component duality and sentence duality.
Binary composition. For example, the ignorance of mountains and rivers, butterfly geese heartless; However, they treat human beings fairly and equally, neither laughing because of dignitaries, nor being stingy because of Shan Ye's fishing and firewood.
Duality of sentence. For example, the reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach.
(3) Dual roles
(1) The neat form and symmetrical structure can receive a balanced aesthetic effect.
The text is concise and expressive, which can vividly show the relationship between related things; It is a sharp contrast between opposing things, with clear praise and criticism.
(3) The rhythm is distinct, the phonology is harmonious, and it is easy to read and memorize.
Step 6 be parallel
Characteristics of (1) parallelism
It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone.
(2) Parallel types
(1) component ratio. For example: Dayan River, shed tears! With the bullying of more than 40 years' lives, with the misery of countless slaves, with a four-dollar coffin and several bundles of straw, with a few feet of land for burying the coffin, and the ashes of paper money in one hand, she left with tears in her eyes.
② Sentence parallelism. For example, their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their mind is so beautiful and broad.
(3) the function of parallelism
Strengthen the language situation and emphasize the content and feelings.
(7) Ask questions.
Characteristics of rhetorical questions
"Ask without doubt". Often know perfectly well past ask, ask yourself and answer yourself or just ask without answering. The purpose is to emphasize the problem, so as to attract people's attention and inspire people to think.
Who is our loveliest person? Our troops, our soldiers, I think they are the most lovely people.
⒏ rhetorical question
Rhetorical questions also have the characteristics of "asking without doubt", and definite meaning is expressed in the form of interrogative sentences to strengthen the tone and enhance the expression effect. Questions are usually put at the end of sentences, and some also put exclamation marks.
There are two forms of rhetorical questions.
(1) The negative form is affirmative. For example, the blood of more than 40 young people flooded around me, making it difficult for me to breathe, not to see or hear. Where can there be words?
(2) Express affirmation in the form of negation. For example, there is no anti-people force in history that cannot be eliminated by the people! Didn't Hitler and Mussolini both fall before the people?
Discrimination of several rhetorical devices
Although the college entrance examination does not emphasize the conceptual distinction of figures of speech, it does not mean that even general understanding is unnecessary. Without understanding and mastering, how can we correctly judge the right and wrong, advantages and disadvantages of rhetorical methods? How to use it correctly according to the needs and context? When understanding various rhetorical methods, it is best to compare the similarities and differences by grouping comparison.
Metonymy and metonymy
The difference between metonymy and metonymy can be started from the following four aspects:
(1) The essence of metonymy is "metaphor". Although its ontology and metaphor words do not appear, they imply comparable objects (namely ontology). The essence of metonymy is "generation", which refers to noumenon with certain characteristics of things and has no comparable object.
Because metonymy is a metaphor, it can be supplemented by ontology and metaphor. There is nothing comparable to metonymy, so it is impossible to make up this way.
⑶ Metonymy can generally describe the non-existent ontology. Metonymy can only play the role of "generation", and the words it replaces are mostly nouns or noun phrases, which can't describe them.
(4) In an article, if there is a figurative sentence of "××××××" in front, it is metonymy to use the vehicle directly below.
4. Analogy and metaphor
Analogy and metaphor are similar in that they both involve A and B. Compared with them, A and B are comparable.
The difference between analogy and metaphor lies in:
(1) In a sense, metaphor focuses on "metaphor", that is, "analogy", which highlights the similarity between two things; The focus of analogy is "imitation", that is, "comparative treatment", which directly describes A as B.
⑵ From the formal point of view, figurative vehicles often appear in the form of nominal words, indicating an entity. The part that plays a comparative role in comparison is descriptive, and its manifestation is verbal words or descriptive words.
3. Parallelism and duality
The differences between parallelism and duality are: parallelism must be composed of three or more items, and duality is limited to the upper and lower sentences; Parallelism has no strict requirements on the number of words, but only requires the same or similar structure, and dual requires the same or similar number of words and the same structure; Most of the items in parallelism have the same word, while the dual upper and lower sentences generally avoid using the same word (the width is not so strict); Parallelism generally only means similar or related meaning, while duality means relative, opposite or related meaning.
4. Questions and rhetorical questions
The main differences between rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are: rhetorical questions have answers or remind readers to think, often at the beginning of an article or paragraph, and in order to attract readers' attention, question marks must be used; There is no need to answer rhetorical questions. There are clear answers to questions, often in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. The purpose is to strengthen the tone and express strong feelings, so sometimes you can use exclamation marks.