Terracotta figures; Images of soldiers and horses)
Terracotta warriors and horses are mostly molded. First, make the first tire with ceramic mold, and then cover it with a layer of fine mud for processing, carving and coloring. Some are burned first and then connected, and some are connected first and then burned. Uniform heating, simple color and high hardness. The overall style of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is vigorous, strong and handsome, and it is washed and practiced. If carefully observed, there are differences in face, hairstyle, posture and verve, from which we can see that Qin Bing comes from different regions, different nationalities and different personalities. Ma Tao pricked up his ears, some opened his mouth and screamed, others stood still with their mouths shut. All these terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang are full of touching artistic charm.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located at the foot of Mount Li, which is more than 30 kilometers away. According to historical records, Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, began to build a cemetery when he ascended the throne at the age of 13. Planning and design shall be presided over by Prime Minister Reese, and general Zhang Han shall supervise the construction. It took 38 years to build, and the project was huge and magnificent, which created a precedent for the luxurious burial of feudal rulers in previous dynasties. At that time, the total population of the Qin Dynasty was about 20 million, and the labor for building tombs reached 720,000. The spiritual household soil is taken from Sanliu village, 2000 meters south of the cemetery, to the county quarry, with multi-level loess cliffs, 5-25 meters high. A large amount of stone used to repair the cemetery was transported to Lintong by manpower from Zhongshan, Jun 'eshan and other places north of Weihe River. This project is very difficult. You can imagine the scale of the project. The dead bodies under Zhongshan Mountain and Jun 'e Mountain are all pieces, which shows the cruelty of the whole project from the side. It is also one of the "eight wonders of the world"!
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 43 meters high, with a base circumference of 1.700 meters. It is made of double rammed earth walls inside and outside, symbolizing the imperial city and Miyagi in the capital. The inner city is slightly square with a circumference of 3890 meters. There are two doors in the north, and one door is opened on all three sides. The outer city is rectangular, with a circumference of 6294 meters and a door on each side. The mausoleum is located in the south of the cemetery.
The pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located at l 500 meters east of the cemetery. This used to be a cemetery, and local farmers found something similar to people when they dug graves. 1in March, 974, when the villagers in Xiyang village in Lingdong were fighting drought, they found a large pit of terracotta warriors and horses in the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang between Lisanxiahe village and Wula village in the east. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Terracotta Warriors buried more than 2000 years ago was uncovered.
The burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are sloping doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pits No.2 and No.3. ..
The Terracotta Warriors Pit is the largest underground military museum in the world. Terracotta warriors and horses pits have reasonable layout and strange structure. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls.
More than 500 warrior figures, 6 chariots and 24 war horses, as well as bronze weapons and ironware such as bronze swords, Wu Gou, spears, arrows, crossbows and bronze halberds were unearthed in pit 1. At the eastern end of the cave, there are 2 10 terracotta warriors and horses with different facial expressions, clothing styles and hairstyles, which are lifelike. They are arranged in three rows, with 70 people in each row. Except for three leaders wearing pin armour, the rest are all dressed in short brown, with their legs tied, without helmets, holding bows and arrows and crossbows. Later, it was the main force composed of 6,000 armored figurines, each armed with spears, daggers, halberds and other long weapons of about 3 meters, separated from 35 chariots by 38 columns 1 1 east-west tunnels. There are a row of warrior figures on the north and south sides and at both ends, which look like guards to prevent the side tail from being attacked. This team is uniform, well-equipped, powerful and magnificent, which is the artistic representation of the mighty army of Qin Shihuang in previous dynasties and has a strong artistic appeal.
Pit No.2 is located in the northeast of Pit No.1 and the east of Pit No.3. It is square, 96 meters long from east to west and 84 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 6,000 square meters. The buildings in the pit are the same as those in the No.1 pit, but the arrangement is more complicated and the arms are more complete. It is the most spectacular military array in the three pits. Pit 2 has an exhibition hall of 1.7 million square meters, which is the largest and most well-preserved exhibition hall of modern sites in China. Yuan, director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, explained: "First of all, in order to better protect cultural relics, and secondly, it takes at least five to seven years to clear the entire army array from the ground. The advantage of this is that tourists can not only visit the local features of the second pit, but also see the excavation work of the second pit with their own eyes. "
According to preliminary calculation, there are more than 300 pottery figurines 1300, more than 80 chariots and tens of thousands of bronze weapons in pit 2, among which general figurines, pommel horse figurines and bow-shooting figurines are found for the first time. There are four inclined doors at the east and west ends of the second pit, and two inclined doors at the north. The statue pit is located in the west and the main entrance is in the east. The layout in the pit is divided into four units.
The first unit is located at the eastern end of the figurine pit, with 60 vertical crossbow figurines in the surrounding corridor, and the array center is composed of 160 crossbow figurines east of Badao Road. The crossbowman adopts the arrangement of stretching array in the array, and takes turns shooting when standing and kneeling to avoid the danger of slow tension.
The second unit, located on the right side of the pit, consists of 64 chariots (chariots are made of wood, leaving only relics). Each column is 8 times, so there are 8 columns. There are four horse-sized terracotta warriors and horses in front of the car. Behind each car, there are three soldiers and figures. In the middle is the charioteer Lamar, and the other two are standing on the left and right sides of the car, armed with long-handled weapons.
The third unit, located in the middle, consists of 19 chariots, 264 infantry figures and 8 knight figures in a rectangular array, which is divided into three columns. In front of each horse stood a small statue of a knight, holding the reins in one hand and the bow in the other. In addition to the three riders, there are 8~36 infantry figurines after each ride.
The fourth unit, located on the left side of the army array, consists of 108 knight figures and 180 pottery pommel horse figures arranged in 1 1 row to form a rectangular cavalry array. Among them, 1 and 3 are listed as 6 chariots. In front of each horse, there stands a knight figurine in Hufu, holding the horse in his right hand and holding a bow in his left hand.
The third pit is located 25 meters west of the first pit, with an area of about 520 square meters and a concave shape. There is a chariot in front of the door, in which there are 68 warriors. Judging from the layout of the No.3 pit, it seems to be the general headquarters, commanding the left, right and middle armies, but it was not built.
There are no terracotta figures in the fourth pit, only backfill soil.
Judging from the layout and formation of the two pits, the formation of the two pits is complex and the arms are complete, which is the backbone of the confrontation. In Sun Tzu's art of war, this grouping method is called "large array with small array, large camp with small camp, even falling with hooks, bending around". "Sun Bin's Art of War" said: "People who ride a war can be divided into three parts, one on the right, one on the left, one who is easy to ride many cars, one who rides many risks and one who is wide." Only the organic combination of the three can win every battle. The second pit is the theoretical map of this ancient strategist.
Judging from the carved years of weapons unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was built before and after Qin Shihuang unified China. Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the world with his skills of "breaking clouds with a sword" and "rough driving ahead of others" Terracotta warriors and horses reflect the momentum of the Qin dynasty and make Mazhuang stronger. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and continued to overhaul Epang Palace and Chidao. The tax corvee was heavier than before, which led to the peasant uprising. In this form, the third pit was cut off in the middle, and the fourth pit was hastily filled before the Terracotta Warriors were put in. Traces of fire were found in the excavation, which may be related to the burning of Epang Palace by the King of Chu.
In 196 1 year, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) designated the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relic protection unit. From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta Warriors Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List. In the arched exhibition hall built on the site of the No.1 pit of Terracotta Warriors, the "Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang" was set up, which is open to Chinese and foreign tourists. On May 8, 2007, Xi 'an Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Things have changed, and the majestic terracotta warriors and horses have been silent for thousands of years. Today in the twentieth century, with the unremitting exploration of generations of archaeologists, the ancient terracotta warriors and horses have been given new life and moved towards new glory.
There are more than 8,000 terracotta warriors and horses, and the scale is very grand.
The Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is located in the east of Lintong County, 37 kilometers away from Xi. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
1974, three buried terracotta warriors and horses pits were discovered on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, and they were excavated and protected one after another. The three pits are zigzag, with a total area of 22,780 square meters. There are about 7,400 terracotta figures and horses in the pit, which are about the size of real horses. These three pits were named Terracotta Warriors Pit No.1, No.2 and No.3 respectively.
Pit No.1 is the largest, with a depth of 5m and an area of14260m2. There are more than 6,000 Ren Tao Ma Tao in the pit, arranged in a neat and orderly circular square. At the eastern end of the pit, there are three rows of warrior figures with crossbows and long-range weapons, which seem to be forward troops, followed by a main force composed of 6,000 armored figures, with long weapons such as spears and halberds, arranged in 38 rows in the 1 1 cave, with 35 chariots of Xu. Guards on the north and south wings.
The Terracotta Warriors Pit No.2 is a square foot with an area of 6,000 square meters. It is a large military array composed of cavalry, infantry, crossbowmen and chariots. It can be roughly divided into four relatively independent units: crossbowman phalanx, Xu cavalry phalanx, Chebu and cavalry phalanx, and cavalry phalanx. There are 1300 terracotta figures and horses, more than 80 chariots and a large number of metal weapons.
Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.3 is concave in plane, covering an area of about 520 square meters. Together with Pit 1 and Pit 2, it seems to be the headquarters of the three armed forces, with 68 pottery figurines and 4 horses 1 vehicle unearthed.
The Terracotta Warriors Museum is the largest ancient military museum in China. After the terracotta warriors and horses were excavated and opened to the outside world, they caused a sensation in the world. 1978 former French prime minister Jacques Chirac said after his visit: "There are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be eight." If you don't look at the pyramids, you won't be in Egypt, and if you don't look at the Terracotta Warriors, you won't be in China. "Since then, the Terracotta Warriors have been hailed as the eighth wonder of the world.
1974, an underground building and pottery figurines were found in Xiyang Village, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, located at 1 km east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. This is the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Mausoleum, which shocked the world and was called "the eighth wonder of the world".
There are three terracotta warriors and horses pits in the Qin Mausoleum, which are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Pit 1 is an infantry unit, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south, a depth of 5m and an area of14220m. This was dug by a farmer while digging a well. Pit 2, square, with an area of 5,000m2, is a multi-arm special force composed of cavalry, chariots and infantry (including crossbowmen). Pit No.3 is concave, with an area of 520 m2. It seems to be the command organ of the commanders-in-chief of Pit No.1 and Pit No.2. There are more than 7,000 pottery figurines, 0/00 chariots/kloc, 400 pottery horses and hundreds of thousands of weapons in the three pits.
The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are magnificent and orderly, showing Qin Jun's organizational system, weapons and equipment, and the appearance of ancient wars. Qin terracotta warriors and horses are all made of simulated people and real horses. The height of the pottery figurines is1.75m ~1.95m. Most of them are shaped according to the image of soldiers in Qin Jun, and they are tall and well-balanced. Pottery figurines are divided into infantry figurines, cavalry figurines, chariot figurines, crossbowmen figurines, general figurines and so on. Infantry figurines wear battle robes and carry bows and arrows on their backs; Most of the cavalry figurines are armed with Xinjiang ropes and bows and arrows, dressed in short armor, tight pants and long riding boots, ready to mount at any time; There are two kinds of chariot figurines: the commander is in the middle, driving the chariot, and the sergeant protects the commander in two rows of chariots. The crossbowman stretches his bow and arrow, stares ahead, or stands or kneels; Generally speaking, the figurines are very cultured, showing the general style of not being surprised when getting cold feet. Ma Taogao 1.5 meters, 2 meters long. He is burly and muscular. He stands with his head held high, his mane flying and his expression alert and agile. All horses are like horses galloping on the battlefield. All these show that Qin Shihuang had a great influence in the four seas, unified the magnificent military capabilities of the six countries, and showed a very high plastic arts, which is a unique treasure house of culture and art in the world.
In 196 1 year, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) designated the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relic protection unit. From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta Warriors Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List. In the arched exhibition hall built on the site of the No.1 pit of Terracotta Warriors, the "Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang" was set up, which is open to Chinese and foreign tourists.
Excavation process
1in the spring of 974, a local farmer dug a well 1.5 km east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, and accidentally dug up the head of a ceramic warrior. After the organized excavation by the state, the terracotta warriors and horses of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum were finally discovered, which shocked the whole world.
brief introduction
Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum is located at the northern foot of Mount Li, 30 kilometers east of Xi, Shaanxi (the other two data are: Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum is located in Xiahe Village, 5 kilometers east of Lintong. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located in Lintong District, 35 kilometers east of Xi, surrounded by mountains and lush trees in the south. The north faces the banks of the Weihe River, which twists and turns like a silver snake. Surrounded by towering peaks, the tall mausoleum and Mount Li are integrated, with beautiful scenery and unique environment. This mausoleum is large in scale and imposing. The cemetery covers a total area of 56.25 square kilometers. The original height of the land on the mausoleum was about 1 15 meters, and it is still as high as 76 meters. There are double walls inside and outside the cemetery. The circumference of the inner city is 3840m, and that of the outer city is 62 10/0m. There are about 8- 10 meters high walls inside and outside the walls, and there are still relics. The burial area is in the south, and the sleeping hall and the convenient hall are built in the north.
Qin Shihuang was an outstanding politician in the history of China. His surname is Zheng Ming, the son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. He was born in Handan, Kyoto, Zhao in 259 BC. In 246 BC 13 years old, he was made king of Qin, and was crowned king at the age of 22. During the period from 236 BC to 22 1 year 15 BC, the state of Qin wiped out six vassal states, namely, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, completely ending the history of the Warring States, and establishing the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal dynasty in China's history through blood and fire. "Many dissenting Confucian sweep Liuhe, tiger potential He Xiongzai; Swing the sword and set the clouds, and the princes will come to the West. " Qin Shihuang, the omnipotent monarch, not only left great achievements to future generations, but also left this mysterious royal cemetery.
According to historical records, the cemetery was built in the second year after Ying Zheng ascended the throne. It was completed in 208 BC and lasted for 39 years. (The other two materials: First, he was in office for 37 years and built a mausoleum for him for 36 years; Second, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor started construction from the time of his accession to the throne, which lasted for 38 years. Reese, then prime minister, was the designer of the mausoleum and was supervised by General Zhang Han. A total of 720,000 people were recruited, and nearly 800,000 people were used to repair tombs, almost eight times that of pyramid of khufu.
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in the history of China. Its scale is huge, and the funerary objects are rich, ranking first among the emperors' tombs in past dynasties, and it is the largest emperor's tomb. According to the principle of enjoying wealth after Qin Shihuang's death, the cemetery was built in a zigzag shape, modeled after the layout of Xianyang, the capital of Qin State. Around the mausoleum, there are double walls inside and outside, with an inner circumference of 3870 meters and an outer circumference of 62 10 meters. At present, the large-scale ground buildings in the mausoleum area are sleeping halls, mourning halls, garden temples and other sites. According to historical records, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is divided into two parts: the cemetery area and the burial area. The cemetery covers an area of nearly 8 square kilometers, with a dual structure of outer city and inner city, and a quadrangular conical paddock. The enclosure of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor formed three steps, with a square bottom, a bottom area of about 250,000 square meters and a height of115m. However, due to more than 2,000 years of wind and rain erosion and man-made destruction, the current paddock has a bottom area of about 120 square meters and a height of 87 meters (another information: the initial height of the cemetery is 120), and the total area of the whole cemetery is 56.25 square kilometers. Building materials are shipped from Hubei, Sichuan and other places. In order to prevent the river from washing away the mausoleum, Qin Shihuang also ordered the north-south flow to be changed to the east-west flow.
There is a mound in the south of the cemetery, which is 43 meters high. There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside. The circumference of the inner city is 3890 meters, and the circumference of the outer city is 6249 meters, symbolizing the imperial city and Miyagi respectively. Between the inner city and the outer city, archaeologists have discovered horse burial pits, clay figurine pits, rare birds and animals pits, as well as sacrificial pits, stable pits, torture pits and tombs of grave repairers outside the mausoleum. More than 400 graves have been found.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 55.05 meters high and 2000 meters in circumference. According to the survey, the whole cemetery covers an area of 220,000 square meters, with large-scale palaces and pavilions. The shape of the mausoleum is divided into two cities, inner and outer. The inner city is square, with a circumference of 2525.4 meters and an outer city of 6264 meters. The scale of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is far from comparable to that of the Egyptian pyramids.
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in China. Among the nearly 100 imperial tombs in China, it is famous for its large scale and rich tombs. 1956, Shaanxi provincial people's government announced it as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit; 196 1 was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) in; 1987, UNESCO listed the Mausoleum of the First Qin Shihuang in the world cultural heritage protection list, making it the common wealth of all mankind. In 2002, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction.
The pyramids in ancient Egypt are the largest above-ground tombs in the world, and the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in China is the largest underground tomb in the world.
The Qin Dynasty is a glorious page in the history of China, and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor concentrated the highest achievements of Qin civilization. Qin Shihuang took all the glory of his life underground. The underground palace of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the core part of the mausoleum building, which is located under the mound. "Historical Records" records: "Pass the three springs, drop the bronze wares, fill the palace with officials, and move the treasures. Take mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, and instill it by machine. There is astronomy above, geography below, and mermaid cream is a candle. If the degree is immortal, it will last a long time. " Archaeological findings show that the underground palace covers an area of about 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, and the depth of the center point is about 30 meters. The cemetery is centered on mounds and surrounded by many funerals with rich connotations and unprecedented scale. In addition to the well-known terracotta warriors and bronze chariots and horses tombs, more than 600 large-scale Shijiakeng, Baixi figurine pits, civilian figurine pits and tombs have been discovered, and 654.38+10,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed in the archaeological work of the Qin tombs for decades. There are many cultural relics booths in the cemetery, showing some cultural relics unearthed from the Qin Mausoleum in the past 20 years. There is a waterway exhibition area to reproduce the scientific and thorough drainage facilities of the cemetery in that year; I believe that with the progress of archaeological work, there will be more unexpected discoveries.
Between the dignified green and the tall mausoleum, in order to let tourists feel the dignity and dignity of the king, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor staged a large-scale performance of "the reappearance of the guard of honor guard-changing the guard of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor" and a sand table model of the mausoleum, cemetery and underground palace integrating sound, light and electricity, which reproduced the spectacular scene of the mysterious cemetery more than 2,000 years ago and showed decades of archaeological achievements.
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in the history of China. It is the crystallization of the hard work and wisdom of the working people in China. It is a treasure house of history and culture, which is famous for its large scale and rich tombs among all the tombs of feudal emperors.
According to Records of the Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor, the mausoleum has been dug to the underground spring, and the base is reinforced with copper, with a coffin on it ... The grave is full of treasures. The avenue in the tomb is equipped with a crossbow with a favorable arrow, and the grave robbers will be shot dead as soon as they approach. The tomb is also full of mercury, symbolizing rivers, lakes and seas; The top of the tomb is inlaid with a night pearl, symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars; In the grave, fish oil is used to light the lamp, so that it will stay on forever. ...
A total of 10 gates were found in the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. The north and south gates and the south gate of the inner wall are on the same central axis. The north of the mound is the central part of the cemetery, and there are tombs leading to the tombs on the east, west and north sides. There are also four architectural relics juxtaposed on the east and west sides, which some experts think are part of the sleeping hall building. The mausoleum of Qin Shihuang embodies the ritual system of "death is like life", which is grand in scale, magnificent in momentum and comfortable in structure.
The center of the underground palace of the mausoleum is the place where Qin Shihuang's coffin is placed. There are more than 400 burial pits and graves around the mausoleum, covering an area of 56.25 square kilometers. The main tombs are bronze chariot pits, horse pits, rare birds and animals pits, stable pits and terracotta warriors and horses pits. Over the years, more than 50,000 important historical relics have been unearthed. A group of painted bronze chariots and horses unearthed in 1980 are the largest, most gorgeous, most lifelike and complete ancient bronze chariots and horses found in China so far, and are known as "the crown of bronze".
Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located at1500m east of the Mausoleum. The spring of 1974 was discovered by local farmers who dug wells. The treasure buried underground for more than 2000 years came out, and it is known as "the eighth wonder of the world". It has provided very precious physical materials for the study of the military, politics, economy, culture and science and technology of the Qin Dynasty, and has become a precious wealth of human culture in the world. Three terracotta warriors and horses pits have been excavated, which are arranged in a "needle" shape from west to east. There are more than 8,000 terracotta warriors and horses and more than 40,000 bronze weapons in the pit.
The pottery works in the pit are imitations of Qin Suwei's army. Nearly 10,000 ceramic guards used bows, arrows, crossbows, bronze bows, spears, halberds, or crossbows as precursors, or rode horses, forming four arms: step, crossbow, vehicle and riding. All the guards in the underground tunnel face east. According to the drilling, there are three burial pits, among which the No.1 pit found at 1974 is the largest. It is 230 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south and about 5 meters deep. The promenade and the 1 1 hole form the whole pit, in which more than 6,000 warrior figures and terracotta horses with the same size as real horses are placed. About 20 meters northeast of No.1 pit, No.2 pit was discovered in the spring of 1976, which is another spectacular formation. No.2 pit is 84 meters wide from north to south and 96 meters long from east to west, covering an area of 92 16 square meters and a building area of 170 16 square meters. The second pit has a multi-arms joint lineup, including infantry, chariots, cavalry and crossbowmen. To the west of No.2 pit is No.3 pit, and visitors are not allowed to visit it before 1 9891kloc-0/October1. The third pit is 24.5 meters wide from north to south and 28.8 meters long from east to west, covering an area of more than 500 square meters. According to experts' inference, the No.3 pit is considered as a military curtain to command the No.1 pit and No.2 pit. A chariot, 68 guardians and weapons are kept in the pit.
Since 1974, three pits for burying Terracotta Warriors and Horses have been found at 1.5km east of the cemetery. The finished products are arranged in a zigzag pattern, covering an area of more than 20,000 square meters, with 8,000 unearthed pottery figurines, 0/00 chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons. Among them, the No.1 pit is the "Right Army", where about 6,000 life-size clay figurines and horses are buried. Pit No.2 is "Zuo Jun", with 1300 terracotta figures and horses and 89 chariots. It is an arc array composed of infantry, cavalry and chariots, and it is also the essence of the pit of Qin figurines. There are 68 warrior figures, 1 chariot and 4 pottery horses in pit 3, which is the headquarters of the underground army. This military formation is the epitome of Qin Jun formation. 1980, large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. It has aroused shock and concern all over the world. These terracotta warriors and horses grouped according to the military array at that time provided vivid physical data for studying the military establishment, combat methods and cavalry equipment of the Qin Dynasty. The discovery of terracotta warriors and horses is known as "the eighth wonder of the world" and "one of the great discoveries in the archaeological history of the 20th century". As a bridge connecting the past and the future in the history of China sculpture, the realistic techniques of Qin figurines have attracted worldwide attention. At present, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has been set up in pits 1, 2 and 3, and is open to the public.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is one of the largest, strangest and richest imperial tombs in the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum are the precious wealth of human culture in the world comparable to Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures, and its discovery itself is the most spectacular archaeological achievement in China in the 20th century. They fully demonstrated the artistic talent of China people more than 2,000 years ago and are the pride and precious wealth of the Chinese nation. French President Jacques Chirac praised it as "the eighth wonder of the world", which made the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor known to more people. The laurel of world cultural heritage adds luster to the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.
The scale of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum project is rare in history.
Shortly after Qin Shihuang (259 BC ~ 2 10 BC) succeeded to the throne, he began to build his own mausoleum in Sun Mountain. After the unification of the six countries, 700,000 people were recruited from all over the country to participate in the construction of the mausoleum. It was used for nearly 40 years before and after, and by the time Qin died, the cemetery had not been completely built. According to historical records, the tomb is 50 meters high, and there are various palaces and rare treasures displayed in the tomb for four or five weeks. The scale of the project is rare in history.
Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is known as the eighth wonder in the world.
From 1974 to 1977, the Terracotta Warriors pit, one of the burial pits of the First Qin Emperor's Mausoleum, was excavated eastward 1 km. -The No.1 pit is in the south, with a length of 2l6 meters from east to west, a width of 62 meters and an area of l3260 square meters. The second pit is124m long from east to west, 98m wide and covers an area of 6,000m2. No.3 pit covers an area of 520 square meters. In the excavation part, 800 samurai servants, 18 wooden chariots and 100 pottery horses were unearthed. According to the existing arrangement of military forces and horses, there may be 7000 samurai servants in these three pits, 100 chariots and 100 horses. It can be imagined from the simulated military array that Qin Jun, which was invincible many years ago, swept the six countries and unified the whole country. Tao Nv is tall, about 1.8 meters, with different shapes and realistic expressions. It embodies the superb sculpture skill level of Qin Dynasty.
Initiate the system of ancient imperial tombs.
Before the Qin dynasty, the memorial service of the late king was no longer held in the cemetery, and Qin Shihuang built a sleeping hall in the cemetery for the first time. There are two city walls in mausoleum of the first qin emperor, and the plane is zigzag. Lingshan is located in the south-central part of the inner city wall. There is a sleeping hall 50 meters northwest of the mausoleum. The base site we can see now is nearly square, covering an area of 3,500 square meters, and there are other architectural sites nearby. In the sleeping hall, there is a statue of Qin Shihuang, which is used for sacrifice and ancestor worship. This mausoleum system had a far-reaching influence on later generations, and was imitated by later emperors' tombs until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is also a development of ancient funeral culture in China.