Chen, whose real name is Yi, was born in Gou County, Luozhou, Luoyang, Henan Province (now the south of Yanshi City, Henan Province), and was the founder of Buddhism Faxiangzong.
Monks, scholars and travelers, together with Kumarajiva and Zhen Zhen, are also known as the three major translators of Buddhism in China, and they are one of the founders of only knowing Sect.
Xuanzang became a monk when he was young, and his parents died early.
At the age of 65,438+03, he became a monk and later became a Buddhist teacher. He has successively studied Confucian classics such as Mahayana, Za 'a Dharma Mind, Theory of Achievement, Theory of Abandoning Everything, and Panchen Sutra from Hui Xiu, Shen Dao, Dao Yue, Chang Fa, Monk Debate and Xuan Hui, and has made more and more achievements.
I decided to go to Tianzhu to study Buddhism because I felt that the theories of different schools were different and it was difficult to draw a conclusion.
In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Xuanzang married a couple. Please allow him to go west to seek dharma.
However, it was not approved by Emperor Taizong.
However, Xuanzang has made up his mind to "venture beyond * * and go to Tianzhu privately", trekking more than 50,000 miles from Shenyi, Chang 'an and finally to Wangshe New Town.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Xuanzang arrived in Gaochang Wangcheng (now Turpan County, Xinjiang) and was treated with courtesy by Gaochang Wangqu.
After that, it passed through Qu Zhi (now Kuqa, Xinjiang), Lingshan (Yemusuer Ridge), Suyecheng, Gaby experimental country, Chijianguo (now Tashkent, Soviet Union), Sassuojianguo (now east of Samarkand), jungle and iron gate.
Arrive at the former site of Luoguo (now west of Guling and south of Wuhu).
To the south, it passes through Binhe country (now Balkh in northern Afghanistan), Jiezhi country (now Ghazi in Afghanistan), Daxue Mountain, Fanyangna country (now Bamiyan in Afghanistan), Yushiro country (now Peshawar in Pakistan and its adjacent eastern Afghanistan) and Uwona country (Swat in Pakistan) and reaches Kashmiro country.
Here, learn the name of a monk, the theory of harmony and righteousness, and the theory of reason. , and compared the lay man of Pixutuo (pure teacher), the monk Sukamidoro (a friend who came here), Doro of West Su Mi (a family friend), Solitipo (one day) and Chennaluoduo (the best).
Later, he went to Raja (now Punjab, Pakistan) to learn from an old brahmin, Bai Jinglun and Bai Guanglun. Go to Nadi (now Parr, Felloze, North India) and learn "On Law" and "On Xian Zong" from Pinidobulapo (dimming); He went to Rhoda (now Jalandhar, northern India) and got the "Bodhisattva of Everything" from Dalavat Mo (Moon). Go to Chenluqin that country (now north of Rotak, North India) and learn the Prajna Sutra from Yue; In the kingdom of Buluo (now D'Arvor, North India), he accepted the theory of arguing truth and sharing wisdom with me from Midosina; Go to Qunnv Town (now Lucky City on the west bank of Ganges River in India) and learn from the Prajna Paramita Sutra of Buddha and the Prajna Paramita Sutra of Sun.
After five years of Zhenguan, he went to Nalanduo Temple in Mojeto to study morality.
Xuanzang stayed in Nalanduo Temple for five years and was chosen as one of the ten virtues of knowing three zang.
Before and after listening to Jie Xian's talk about the yoga master's theory of land, obedience, worship of saints, dharma, concentration, China, hundred views, explanation and so on. At the same time, learn all kinds of brahmin books.
Xuanzang left Nalanduo Temple ten years after his trip to the Five Kings of Zhenguan, and went to Ilan Potava (now Mongir in northern India), Salo, Andaro, Tuonajediga (now the mouth of Krishna River on the east coast of India), Dalovi Tea (now south of Madras in India), Wolfroger (now east of Moclan in Hexi, India) and Potava (now).
He stayed in many countries for two years, carefully studied the theory of the fundamental Abbey method, the theory of the right method and the theory of consciousness, and then returned to Nalanduo Temple.
Soon after, he went to Xialuozegu Temple to discuss with Prajna Paramita the various therapies, karma theories and sayings of Sanzang, and visited the victorious army in Zhanglinshan to study the theories of knowing only choice, meaning, fearlessness, staying in Nirvana, twelve karma and solemn sutra, and discussed and questioned them. Two years later, he still returned to Nalanduo Temple.
At this time, Xie Xian instructed Xuanzang to give lectures and take photos for the monks in Nalanduo Temple.
As it happens, Ziguang Shi, the master of the Middle School, was also there, talking about "On the Middle Way" and "On a Hundred Schools of Thought", and opposing the law only knows the theory.
Therefore, Xuanzang wrote 3000 poems about Huizong Lun (lost) to reconcile the theories of Mahayana and yoga.
At the same time, he participated in the debate with Prajna, a scholar of the Ministry of Positive Quantities, and wrote 1600 articles praising the Theory of Controlling Evil (lost).
He also gave lectures at the invitation of Kumoro, king of molybdenum industry in East India (now Assam, India), and wrote Three-body (lost).
Then he met with King Wu and was treated with great courtesy.
King Jerzy decided to hold a Buddhist debate with Xuanzang as the main topic in Qunnvcheng, 18 kings, 3,000 Mahayana Buddhist scholars and 2,000 heretics attended in Wuyin.
At that time, Xuanzang said that it was hard for anyone to ask, but no one could question it.
At that time, it was famous for its five seals, and was honored as "Mahayana paradise" by Mahayana and "liberation paradise" by Mahayana.
King Jerzy insisted that Xuanzang attend the 75-day nude convention held every five years.
Return home after the meeting.
On the 25th day of the first month of the 19th year of Zhenguan, Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an.
At that time, Shi Zi said, "The Taoist custom is urgent, so let's go to the city."
Soon, Emperor Taizong received him and advised him to be a secular official, but Xuanzang declined politely.
Later, he stayed in Hongfu Temple in Chang 'an to translate the scriptures. The scriptures were provided by the imperial court, and more than 20 famous monks from all over the country were called to assist in the translation. They were assigned to posts such as proving righteousness, posting, orthography and proving Brahma, forming a complete translation field.
In May of the same year, he created and translated 20 volumes of the Great Bodhisattva's Tibetan Scriptures, which was completed in September.
In the first month of the twentieth year of Zhenguan, Xuanzang translated twenty volumes of The Theory of Youwei Shengjiao. And dictated the "Datang Western Regions" written by the debating machine.
In the same year, Jie Shen's Secret Classic and Ming Wu Shuo were translated, which promoted the development of Ming Wu in China. Heirs were also asked to translate the theories of Lao Zi and Mahayana belief into Sanskrit and spread them in India.
In May, 2002, he translated 100 Volume "On the Land of Yoga Teachers" and asked Taizong to make a preface.
In October, I translated the Broken King Kong Prajna Paramita Sutra.
Soon, the Hall of the Great Heroes was completed, and Xuanzang was appointed as the seat of honor, devoted to the translation of Buddhist scriptures.
In the third year of Yonghui (652), he invited to build a tower to house Buddhist scriptures. After high praise, the Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the west courtyard of Jean Temple.
Xuanzang "carried bricks and stones for two weeks (years) and finished his work".
In 658, in the third year of Xianqing, he moved to Ximing Temple. Often disturbed by trivial matters, he moved to Yuhua Temple to concentrate on translating the scriptures.
Celebrating five years, the Great Prajna was translated.
This sutra is 200,000 praises from the Vatican, and it is voluminous. Every time the disciple asked for abridgement, Xuanzang was very cautious and didn't delete a word.
In three years (663), Long Shuo finally translated this masterpiece with as many as 600 volumes.
After that, Xuanzang's body and mind were greatly weakened. In the first year of Linde (664), he translated 1 Volume Five Mantras and became a masterpiece.
He died in February of the same year.
According to records, Xuanzang translated 75 classics, with a total volume of 1335.
The translated classics were later called new versions.
Main theories ① Five kinds of surnames theory.
It further develops India's five-caste theory, that is, all beings are divided into vocal caste, marginal caste, Tathagata caste, indefinite caste and no caste.
It is believed that the result of monasticism can be determined according to people's innate quality.
Xuanzang referred to the theories of various schools in India here and systematically expounded the five-level theory.
(2) epistemology.
Xuanzang and his school believe that everything in the world (including human self) does not exist independently, but is realized by human consciousness, that is, the stomach can only be changed by knowledge.
The most fundamental consciousness, called "Aryan knowledge", is all the "seeds" of various things and phenomena in the world and the origin of the universe.
3 because of Ming.
Inming is very developed in Indian Yoga Department.
After this close relationship, with the development of Dignā ga and his protector, the theory of only knowing was closely combined.
Xuanzang made new progress on this basis.
In India, he put forward "only true knowledge".
After returning to China, he not only translated Yin Ming's main works, but also gave full play to Yin Ming's nature of argument, deepened Yin Ming's method of establishing quantity, and made a good analysis of the ground-breaking theory.
Xuanzang devoted himself to Buddhism all his life, and his deeds can be found in Datang The biography of Master Sanzang and Xuanzang Biography.
Besides Cheng Wei's On Wisdom, there are three important works on the study of Xuanzang School, namely, Kui Ji's Notes on Cheng Weizhi, Huinuma's On Cheng Weizhi's First Class and the well-known On the Secrets of Cheng Weizhi.
Xuanzang's Records of the Western Regions of Datang is an important material for studying the ancient history and geography of India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Central Asia.
His stories, such as Wu Changling's drama "Jing Tian in Tang Dynasty" in Yuan Dynasty and Wu Cheng'en's novel The Journey to the West in Ming Dynasty, were widely circulated among the people in past dynasties, all of which originated from his deeds.
Disciple Xuanzang is knowledgeable.
At that time, Shuo Yan gathered at the door.
Shen Yun, Jia Shang, Pu Guang and Kui Ji, known as the four philosophers of Lumen, are all masters of Buddhism. Puguang, Magic Weapon and Shentai are collectively called the three great masters; Kui Ji, Shen Tai and Jing Shun were also masters of the Ming Dynasty. Silla monk round measurement, for Xuanzang god foot, Silla Yuan Xiao, for Hua Yan everyone; The western regions involve interests and are famous dharma-protecting monks; Nanshan Dao proclaimed his righteousness and became a master of law; Xuan Ying, a famous ethicist; Huai Su, East Tower, the Lord of the new sparse.
Xuanzang died in the first year of Linde, Tang Gaozong (664, the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty was written for six years, 66 1) and was buried in Xingjiao Temple in Chang 'an (now the southern suburb of Xi City).
For his life story, please refer to AARON Li and Yan Yong's The biography of Master Sanzang.
Because of his admiration for the scriptures, he gradually became a mythical figure.
There was a legend about him in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. Tang Sanzang studied poetry in the Song Dynasty and The Journey to the West in the Ming Dynasty, which made Tang Priest a household name in China.