The Song Dynasty was the most prosperous era of economy, culture and education in the history of China, and reached the peak of feudal society. Chen, a famous historian, said: the culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years and was created during the Zhao and Song Dynasties. Kaifeng, located in the center of the eastern plain of Henan Province, was also called the Song Capital in 168. It was a famous cultural, economic, artistic and political center at that time, and its prosperity was beyond that of later generations. It was also the first city in China where Jews settled.
Dasong accounts for 22% of the world's American GDP. 7%, the per capita GDP is 450 dollars. Song Shenzong Xining ten years, the national treasury revenue of 70.7 million yuan, the highest is 1. Even if half of the country was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty, the fiscal revenue of the national treasury was as high as 100 million, which is an astronomical figure that is difficult for future generations to reach. The price of Kaifeng rice in Xining was 400, which was 66 liters in Song Dynasty, about 100 kg of rice. According to the current market price of ordinary rice 2. 50 yuan/Jin, 400p = the purchasing power of RMB in yuan, that is, 1p 0. 65 yuan, Chang Qian 48 1. 25 yuan. According to Xining, the ten-year national treasury revenue was 70.7 million yuan, when the national treasury revenue was about 340 yuan. 24 trillion yuan. 20 1 1 year, the fiscal revenue of China national treasury just exceeds 10 trillion yuan.
Kaifeng, with a population of 6.5438+0 million, is a veritable international metropolis and the largest city in the world. In addition, cities with a population of over 654.38 million include Luoyang, Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Yingtianfu. At that time, the population of the largest city in Europe exceeded 65438+ 10,000.
Ten years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the envoys of the Great Song Dynasty went to Jin, Shang, Jing and Huining to see a large area of virgin forest without organizational system. There are hundreds of herders scattered in less than one square kilometer. Desolate eyes, poor and white. The capital of a country is extremely humble. It is such a humble country with less people and less money that destroyed the extremely prosperous Northern Song Empire. So prosperity is not equal to strength.
In the first year of Jingde, Liao and Xu Long led 200,000 troops south to attack the Song Dynasty, which surprised the ruling and opposition parties. Kou Zhun, Bi, Yang Yi. The main factions urged Song Zhenzong to take the initiative. In this battle, Song Jun won three times and shot and killed Liao coach LiLin Xiao. Xiao Taihou also buhaore, taiping at the song dynasty. At the critical moment, the first generation of British monarch Shinji was mentally ill and reluctantly agreed to make peace. Zhenzong said to Kou: You don't have to cede the land, you can give some money. Cole, no, I disagree. In the end, he didn't Don't distort leadership. The bottom line of Zhenzong is 654.38+0.2 million silver. Cao Liyong, the negotiator, said: If the compensation exceeds 300,000, I will kill you. This is the famous Tangyuan League. After negotiation, Liao called Song a brotherly country, and Song provided Liao with 65,438+20,000 silver and 200,000 silks every year, which was equivalent to the tax revenue of two counties in Song Dynasty.
The total number of officials in the Northern Song Dynasty is about 40,000. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were nearly 50,000 people in the Hui Zong period, six times as many as in the Han Dynasty and twice as many as in the Tang Dynasty. The salary of officials in Song Dynasty consists of material money, food and clothes. When Bao Zheng worked in Nanya Kaifeng House, he had three titles, namely Yousi of Shangshu Province, straight bachelor of Longtuge, and magistrate of Kaifeng House affairs. Judging from the evaluation of money and things, the annual salary is about 6,543,800+0,000.
The capital of the Song Dynasty is Tokyo. During the Warring States Period, the seven dynasties of Wei, Hou Jin, Hou Han, Hou Zhou, Song Jin were a dream for a thousand years. It was designated as the capital city in the Northern Song Dynasty and reached its peak. It was the political, economic and cultural center of China at that time. The capital of Song Dynasty consists of imperial city, inner city and outer city. The circumference of the outer city is 50 Li, 165 steps, about 46. 86 miles. The population is more than 6,543,800+5,000, which is equivalent to one third of the population of Kaifeng today. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the population of China exceeded 1 100 million.
Xuande building, at the gate of the city, faces south and is about 307 meters long. It's called Empire Street. As the name implies, it is the family of the emperor's exclusive channel. It is equivalent to the distance from the noon gate to the end gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing, with the same meaning. The emperors in the early Northern Song Dynasty were pragmatic. For example, in this Imperial Street, the emperor imposed martial law when he had something important. Usually, this is a vegetable market, just like a market. During the reign of Hui Zong and Hui Zong, it was officially forbidden to set up stalls on the Royal Street, and people or horses were not allowed to go there. There are flowers and trees on both sides of the street, lotus flowers, peaches and plums in various colors. Speaking of spring and summer, it looks like embroidery.
The south gate faces ouchi, and ordinary people are not allowed to pass funeral vehicles here, which is unlucky. However, since then, folk pork dealers have had to go to the city and sell pork food in large quantities to the night market in the capital of song dynasty to supply food to the residents of the capital of song dynasty. Isolation, no water injection. At night, tens of thousands of pork dealers entered Nanxun city, and only a dozen staff members kept order. After a long time, the rules were formed and orderly, without stragglers and jumping the queue.
In the Tang Dynasty, the Li Fang system was implemented, and the city was divided into several closed houses as residential areas, while the commerce and handicrafts were limited to some cities that switched on and off regularly, and the whole city was under curfew. Tangren Shuihu stipulated that 600 drums should be played behind closed doors every night, and 400 minutes should be played after five o'clock in the morning. Anyone wandering in the streets of the city before and after beating the drums will be punished twenty times. In the Song Dynasty, with the development of commerce, the Li Fang system was broken, the curfew was cancelled, and nightlife began to appear, which had the characteristics of modern society. For example, the night market in Qiaozhou, which is mainly a variety of snacks, closes at midnight. This is very rare in northern cities, such as Harbin where Rulang is located, 10 clock.
The fire control mechanism is sound, and the Kaifeng government bears the main responsibility. Urban management in the early Song Dynasty still used the inner lane system. Each lane is equipped with a patrol room of about 460 meters, and there are five patrol officers who are responsible for public security and fire control at night. A brick watchtower was built very high, and someone was on duty upstairs. All kinds of fire fighting equipment are complete. When a fire broke out in a residential building, the leaders of the military department, the three officials in front of the temple, and Kaifeng House were all dispatched to let the people spare no effort.
The commerce in the Song Dynasty was highly developed, and a lot of life and work in the Song Dynasty can be found today, such as commercial streets, chain stores and 24-hour shops. Such as Panlou South Street, Chatang Lane, Malaysia Airlines North Street and Lehe Building. Clothing Street Loudong Street is open 24 hours a day. The Song Dynasty was called Guishizi. The famous snacks in Beijing include Cao Shi, Xuangeng Store, Wanjia Steamed Bread Store, Dingjiasu Tea Store, Lisi Hotel, Jinjia Store, Youbing Store, Haizhou Zhangjiahu Cake Store, Madangjia Store and so on. And those big businesses are all chain stores.
Business is developed, and Buddhism is no exception. Sokokuji is a form.
The capital of song dynasty in summer is very hot and mosquitoes are rampant, but there are no mosquitoes in Xingjie Ma. This street is dozens of miles long from north to south and is a famous medical street. The fastest way to get money is to rob the road, followed by selling medicine, so there are many rich people in this street. There are many rich people, so entertainment places naturally pile up in this street. This is one of the busiest streets in the capital of Xingjie Ma. The oil lamp will stay on until dawn every night. Mosquito-repellent incense oil, so this street is also called mosquito-free street
The capital of song dynasty is full of delicious food. The famous snacks in Kyoto in the Northern Song Dynasty include plum blossom steamed bread, Cao meat pie, mutton rice, plum blossom goose and duck, Cao cuisine, Xujiaxuan soup, oil cake, Wang Jiashi, Duan and Shifeng. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were fish soup, Li mutton, Wang Naiwu and Song Duxue soup on Wusao Lake. These are pure time-honored brands, not comparable to Beijing Quanjude and Liubiju.
Chef Zhang Mei opened a small restaurant outside the _ River Gate, which is a famous snack in Beijing. Zhang Meijia is good at doing business. His family supplies on demand and sells corresponding food according to seasonal festivals. The capital is the only place dedicated to one thing. For example, on the first day of the first month and January; People, selling 6 1 vegetables; Shangyuan Festival, selling oil-painted pearl rice; February 15, selling Nie _ dough; Cold food festival, selling Dongling porridge; On the eighth day of April, we sell steamed bread At noon, sell Ruyi Yuan; Japanese, selling green wallets; Tanabata, selling rice; Zhongyuan, selling Lampe pie stuffing; Mid-Autumn Festival, selling moon soup; Double Ninth Festival, selling rice cakes and so on. At that time, people called this unique business model water store to cultivate consumers' habits. Every peak season, the Zhang family is in short supply and overcrowded.
There are 40,000 to 30,000 stores, each with its own characteristics. Ordinary hotels and restaurants are equipped with doctors' tea and drinks, similar to greeters and orderers, watching people order. If you are young and rich, you will provide special services for your guests. Of course, Dr. Chajiu will get a commission. The restaurant has become a multi-functional place, and the prostitutes below come out of nowhere to make a living. The porn industry in Song Dynasty was extremely developed and legalized. Pornography services like restaurants can be seen everywhere. Only State Bridge Zhang Tan and Zhizhangtang, we don't provide this service. Selling wine is selling good wine. Call prostitutes to Yang Lou and Fengle Building.
Inevitably, prostitution flourished, and the porn industry in the Song Dynasty was unprecedentedly developed. Youfang Lane and Yan Guan Attic, to name a few. Originally, she was a singer and dancer, but because she was engaged in singing and dancing, she gradually became a sex worker. There were many famous prostitutes in Song Dynasty, including Liu E, Zhen Jinlian, Xie, Nv, Chao Yun, Yu Wenrou Niang, You, Yan Xijiao, Xie Suqiu, Li Shishi, Hua, Shen Qide, Liang Hongyu, Tan Yige and Yan Rui.
Commercial tax exceeded agricultural tax for the first time in Song Dynasty. There are more than 300 commercial banks in Kaifeng, the capital, with many industries and detailed division of labor. There are also some seemingly insignificant small businesses, such as peeling lotus seeds and selling them to fruit shops and Dr.
Kaifeng's catering industry is the most developed, with many restaurants, the big one is called punctuality, and the small one is called focus. Kaifeng has 72 head stores and tens of thousands of foot shops. Fan Lou, located outside Donghuamen, is the first of 72 stores. There are five buildings in Fan Lou, each with a three-story structure. The decoration is absolutely the most luxurious in Kaifeng, which can accommodate thousands of drinkers. Magnificent, comparable to the Forbidden City, equivalent to the current star hotel.
Private brewing was forbidden in the Song Dynasty and monopolized by the government. Shops have the right to make wine, but shoe stores have no right to t, so they have to go to the government to buy koji and brew it themselves. That's what officials in Kaifeng, Kyoto did. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 203 kinds of wine in China, including 27 kinds of Kaifeng nobles and 28 kinds of Kaifeng mansion. The best wine is Necufa wine, which is the best in the world, leaving only the palace. This is not soju or distilled liquor. It's almost the same as liqueur now, with a low degree, and it's almost the same as beer, so you can drink it in a big bowl. For example, Gong and Zhong Wu Song drank 18 bowls of wine before and after the tiger fight. You let him drink 65% of the burning knife, and he has to lie down and fight three bowls of monkey boxing.
It is nothing new for monks in Daxiangguo to sell meat. Some incompetent monks simply unite to run the pork business, euphemistically calling it burning pig farms. The leader is monk Huiming, who is good at cooking, especially at cooking meat dishes. He was famous in Beijing and became a famous gourmet master in Kaifeng for a time.
The entertainment industry is very popular and developed. Entertainment places are called Vashe, that is, places for large-scale cultural performances, which are mostly located in prosperous areas and are conducive to publicity and profit. If the cellar can see, how many people can see and not make good use of it? Washe is divided into many fences. A large laundry room that can accommodate thousands of people has more than 50 hooks. Each hook bar performs different programs, including rap, folk art, acrobatics, puppet shows, ventriloquism, sumo wrestling, monkey tricks and so on. Entertainment circles are everywhere, from official to local, from folk to military camps, everywhere. In front of the temple, he commanded the envoy Yang. He set up a tile house in the military camp, recruited a large number of folk artists and dancers, and performed cultural performances to express his condolences to the army.
In the entertainment circle, mass entertainment is extremely developed, especially writing. In Song Dynasty, poetry was pure literature. Ci is a kind of popular art and belongs to ordinary folk music. It is of the same nature as our popular saliva songs today. The most famous poet at that time was not Su Dongpo, but Liu Sanbian. He was ordered to write lyrics, but where there is a well water, there must be Liu Yong's lyrics. There are also professional singers, namely geisha, who are the earliest pop musicians.
, you can buy it in Lu Yi store. The price is cheap, and Xian Yi doesn't bully people of all ages. This appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty, similar to today's guide map. Inn, restaurant, toilet, etc. Marked on the map of scenic spots, which greatly facilitates people's travel. Tourism also had a certain scale in Song Dynasty, and major cities often held tourism festivals to attract tourists, such as Chrysanthemum Festival in Kaifeng and Peony Festival in Luoyang. Luoyang Peony Festival is more lively than Chinese New Year. All the residents in the city, from dignitaries to pawns, will arrange flowers. This festival lasts until the flowers fade.
There are nearly ten thousand romantic workshops in Tokyo, the capital, which has become a pillar industry of taxation. Not only female prostitutes, but also male prostitutes. Many down-and-out children are unwilling to make progress and are willing to sell meat. This particularly romantic workshop is called Hive. During the Song Huizong administration, the government issued a circular prohibiting men from engaging in prostitution, with 65,438+000 staff and 50 yuan as tips. Female prostitution cannot be banned, let alone male prostitution. So the law gradually lost its effectiveness. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the wind was stronger, and
Article from Water Margin Author: Zhao Jiasaburo Publishing House: Tongxin Publishing House