The "Three Hakka Prefectures" are Jiaying Prefecture, Ganzhou and Tingzhou. Hakka Hakka is a Han ethnic group with distinctive characteristics. It is also one of the Han ethnic groups with the widest distribution range and the most far-reaching influence in the world. There are many theories about the origin of Hakka, the main ones are the Hakka original theory and the Hakka indigenous theory. The Hakka original theory believes that the main body of the Hakkas are immigrants from the Central Plains, while the Hakka indigenous theory believes that "the Hakka homogeneous body is the homogeneous body produced by the mixing of the Han people who migrated to the south and the ancient Yue immigrants in the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi triangle areas. The main body is the Guyue people living on this land, not the few Central Plains people living in this area." Starting from the Song Dynasty, Han people from the Central Plains migrated southward on a large scale, passing through southern Jiangxi and western Fujian to Meizhou, eventually forming a relatively mature and highly stable Hakka ethnic group. Since then, the Hakka people have used Meizhou as their base and moved to other parts of the country and even the world in large numbers. The "Three Hakka Prefectures" are Jiaying Prefecture, Ganzhou, and Tingzhou. Origin of the Hakkas The so-called Hakkas refer to the Han people from the Central Plains who were originally from the Henan area. During the war in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they moved south and began to become a group of residents with a "special identity." During several subsequent migrations, they gradually formed the unique style they have today. Hakka ethnic group. The Hakka ethnic group is a branch of the Chinese Han ethnic group. The most obvious characteristic of the Hakka people is that they speak Hakka, which is one of the eight major dialects of the Han nation. In history, there are records of five major migrations of the Hakka people to the south, lasting 1,500 years. The first great migration took place between 317 and 879 AD. When Emperor Huai of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in power, the invasion of the Central Plains by ethnic minorities from the northwest resulted in the "Five Husbands" that had a profound impact on the Han people. Many officials in the Central Plains region and civilians also crossed the Yellow River and went south. In order to avoid confusion with the original registered residents, these new residents are called "guests". This is the first time that the word "ke" appears in Chinese folk tourism. The second great migration took place between 880 and 1126 AD. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao raised his troops to revolt and the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" led to great chaos in the world. The Hakka ancestors moved from their residence in Anhui and Jiangxi to the southern part of the Yangtze River, the northwest of Fujian and the northeast of Guangdong. The third great migration was between 1127 and 1644 AD. The Jin and Yuan Dynasties invaded one after another, and Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty traveled south. During this process, many Hakka people were involved in the King Qin's War to defend the Song Dynasty and resist the Yuan soldiers. After the death of the Song Dynasty, they had to retreat to the more remote eastern and northern parts of Guangdong. The fourth great migration took place between 1645 and 1843 AD. This time, Emperor Kangxi, in order to win over the people in the south, gave each man 8 taels of silver and each woman and child 4 taels of silver to encourage the Hakkas to move to Sichuan, Guangxi and other places. Taiwan. The ancestors of Comrade Zhu De, who has always been proud of the Hakka people, moved from Shaoguan to Sichuan during this migration. The fifth great migration took place after 1866, at the end of the Taiping Rebellion. Since the leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan, was a Hakka, after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, many Hakkas, under the pressure of the Qing government, migrated to the more remote south and even to overseas areas such as Southeast Asia. Currently, there are about 45 million Hakka people in the world. Among them, there are 40 million people in China and about 5 million people abroad. Hakkas are widely distributed overseas, and are more concentrated in Southeast Asia. Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew and internationally renowned writer Han Suyin are both Hakkas. There are 17 provinces and 185 cities and counties in China where Hakka people live together, including 50 pure Hakka counties where Hakka people account for more than 95%. The places where Hakka people are most concentrated are southern Jiangxi, southern Fujian and northeastern Guangdong. There are more than 20 million Hakkas in Guangdong, accounting for nearly 30% of the total population in the province, including 15 pure Hakka counties. Heyuan is a purely Hakka area in the Dongjiang River Basin, and the earliest Hakka ancestors can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty. In 214 BC, after Qin Shihuang pacified South Vietnam, in order to further develop Lingnan, he sent Tu Sui, Ren Xiao, and Zhao Tuo to garrison with 500,000 soldiers. He also ordered hundreds of thousands of "sinners" to be dispatched to Lingnan. Zhao Tuo was first the magistrate of Longchuan County and later the king of Nanyue. The residents with the four surnames of Zhao, Wei, Guan and Ren in Longchuan were the first batch of Central Plains people to enter Longchuan and live together with the local indigenous people. However, the time when the Hakkas migrated to the Heyuan area on a large scale has to be pushed back to the period of the third great migration of the Hakkas, that is, between 1127 and 1644 AD. In the long historical process, the people of Heyuan have always inherited the excellent traditional virtues and humanistic spirit of the Hakka ethnic group. The folk song culture of Meixian County, Guangdong is unique. Dongjiang Hakka cuisine in Heyuan is quite distinctive. Hakka customs Hakka customs generally include national traditional festivals, local worship, etiquette, etc. Main festivals ☆Spring Festival: There are New Year greetings, recreational activities, etc. It is the most solemn festival. ☆The beginning of spring: the beginning of spring. ☆Lantern Festival: The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese folk Lantern Festival. During the Lantern Festival, we eat Yuanxiao, play with lanterns, admire lanterns, and guess lantern riddles. ☆February 2: Opening Day. ☆Qingming Festival: Hakka tomb-sweeping custom usually starts from the Spring Equinox and reaches its climax during Qingming Festival. ☆Dragon Boat Festival: Hakka people generally call it the May Festival. The main contents of the festival are eating rice dumplings, realgar wine and dragon boat racing. ☆July Festival: also known as Ghost Festival. ☆Mid-Autumn Festival: Commonly known as the August Festival among the people. Customs such as eating moon cakes and admiring the moon are generally the same everywhere. ☆Double Ninth Festival: Hakka people call it "Nineteenth Festival". ☆Winter Solstice: Hakka people have a saying of "Winter Solstice". Marriage Etiquette and Customs Matchmaking In the past, young Hakka men and women could ask a matchmaker to arrange a marriage after the age of sixteen. Usually, the parents of the boy's family ask a matchmaker to go to the girl's family to talk. Sometimes the girl's family asks a matchmaker to visit the boy's family first.
Seeing girls: The male and female families negotiate through a central mediator. If both parties are interested, they agree on a time to "see girls." After both parties agree to write the Geng Tie, they must tell each other their birth dates and horoscopes. After returning home, each of them asked a fortune teller to "calculate their horoscopes". If the eight characters match each other and will not conflict with each other, write out Geng Tie (common name for marriage list) and place them on the incense table. If there are no ominous signs within three days, the marriage will be decided. (If the eight characters do not match, the husband will The female Geng Tie is returned to the female family). Compiling a red slip is also called "a red wedding slip" or a wedding invitation. The man's parents, clan relatives and matchmaker go to the woman's family together and issue the financial gifts that the man wants to give to the woman's family. Some of the red slips also include gifts for the son-in-law, such as hats, silver flowers, clothes, shoes, socks, etc. During the process of opening a red order, both parties will bargain and finally negotiate and finalize. After the red orders are drawn, the men and women also exchange tokens such as rings, handkerchiefs, etc. Finally, the man came back after lunch at the woman’s house. Engagement is also called "Dazha", which means the marriage is officially confirmed again. The young man and his parents will go to the girl's house and bring pig heads, fish, meat, etc. The girl's parents, brothers-in-law, uncles, grandparents, etc. will all be present. After lunch, the girls will come out to meet each other and call the boy's parents parents, and the parents of the two families will call each other their in-laws and in-laws' mother. Housekeeping is when the woman goes to the man's house to see his family. Some times are before the "big wedding", and some are after the "big wedding". In addition to the girl and her parents, the woman's aunts, sisters, etc. will also go there. , there were more than a dozen people, big and small, without any gifts, even if they brought some, the husband’s family would not dare to accept them.