1~1. Beethoven (1770-1827), Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Tolstoy (1928-1910).
2. John Ke Kristov
3. An unfortunate person, a person who is poor, disabled, lonely, and caused by pain. The world does not give him joy, but he creates joy to give to the world; he uses his suffering to Create joy, as he used that heroic phrase to illustrate - that can sum up his life and can become the motto of all heroic hearts: Use pain in exchange for welcome
..
< p>This is what the author Romain Rolland wrote at the end of Beethoven's biographyPraising Beethoven for experiencing countless painful and dangerous peaks and reaching the clearest understanding of life
It is worthy of future generations Study.
4. Read the chapter "Part Two: Loneliness" in "The Biography of Michelangelo" to explain the genius's experience of loneliness and his great fraternity.
5. Engels called Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael the three giants of the Italian Renaissance.
6. The most common theory is that he tried to use this to show that it was too late for him to break with the aristocratic life - and Mrs. Tolstoy who refused to give up this life. A self-reliant working life. Therefore, he dedicated his life to the ideal of equality. However, in fact, the real reason for Tolstoy's running away was the same reason that made him uneasy when he was newlywed forty-eight years ago: the diary. If Tolstoy was troubled by not being able to write a diary for himself, then Sophia was troubled by not being able to read her husband's diary. The couple started a protracted war over the diary. In Tolstoy's later years, this war reached its climax. In order to have a diary written only for himself, Tolstoy really spent a lot of time and brainpower. For a time, this world-famous writer had to hide his diary in his boots, which even he found funny. However, in the end it was discovered by Sophia. Sophia asked to see the rest of his diaries, but he refused and deposited the last ten years of his diaries in a bank. Sophia kept crying about this. She couldn't figure out why a wife couldn't read her husband's diary. There was only one explanation for this: there must be bad things written about her in it. When she cried again, Tolstoy shouted: "I handed over everything I had: property, works... I only kept my diary to myself. If you continue to torture me, I will run away." , I will run away!" The People's Textbook probably said this: His wife became fond of glory and wealth, and finally read in front of him the letters and diaries he wrote to her when they were passionately in love. They suffered together in the end, only to realize that they could not go back. , and then he ran away on a snowy night.
7. "Resurrection"
8. Laozi and Li Er
9. Tolstoy, among the Russian classic writers, he has the best understanding of China and contact with Chinese culture One of the most. In the 19th century, he proposed "using traditional Chinese culture to save the world." When everyone was looking to the West, he put forward the idea of ??leaning towards Chinese classical culture and gradually moved towards the path of Eastern thought.
There were various crises in the world at that time: spiritual crisis, value crisis, and problems of the meaning of life, which made people very confused. The loss of ideal purpose made Westerners think of traditional Chinese culture. It was inevitable, because Chinese classical culture can solve the crisis of postmodern thought.
In the 1980s, Tolstoy wrote "Priest Shergan", which became an important work for studying his spiritual development. Stols once commented that Father Shergan was a classical writer. A fool of ism, which also shows that Tolstoy has completely moved towards Orientalism. The Chinese people have always believed in "the way of heaven and the ethics of humanity". Individuals should live together in a collective. Tolstoy stepped out from the Russian aristocracy's homosexual crowd, but he did not move towards the individual and the community. The authentic world has moved towards another world of patriarchal peasants, that is, the world of the East. Therefore, once Tolstoy came into contact with Eastern civilization at this time, he immediately hit it off. It can be seen from his diary that during this period, he was completely exposed to Chinese thought. The thoughts that had a huge impact on him were the thoughts of Confucius and Mencius. Among them, The one who has the greatest influence is Lao Tzu. He absorbed the "external inaction" in Laozi's thought, combined it with the "cultivation" of Confucianism, and opposed people learning too much, and should inspire spiritual wisdom from tradition. He became an "anarchist" and was known as the "Lao Tzu" of Russia.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Tolstoy was more concerned about China's affairs. He wrote to Chinese youth three times, emphasizing the need to preserve China's classical heritage, maintain China's traditions, adhere to the principles of farming life, and adhere to From the standpoint of "Tao", we use Eastern culture to save the world.
10.
For fear of making mistakes, I won’t write it now~
Part 2
1. "Gulliver’s Travels" "The artistic characteristics of satire and exaggeration
2. Background: This book was written around 1726 and is a representative work of the outstanding British satirist Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) in the 18th century.
Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland, and lived a difficult life in his early years. He barely managed to finish college with the help of relatives and friends.
In 1688, Swift came to England and worked as a country priest and then as a private secretary to a nobleman. "The Story of the Bucket" is his first important literary work. The idea of ??"Gulliver's Travels" originated from a gathering with friends. When Swift talked about the greedy and shameless behavior of the political circles at that time, he was so excited that he laughed and cursed, and the letter began the first volume of "Gulliver's Travels". creation. After being written into the book, it went through countless additions, deletions and modifications, and was finally published anonymously in 1726, which immediately caused great controversy in British society. Over the past 200 years, it has been translated into dozens of languages ??and widely circulated around the world.
It is worth mentioning that "Gulliver's Travels" is the earliest British literary masterpiece introduced to China. In 1872, it was translated into "Tan Ying Xiao Lu" and published in "Shen Shen". It was widely welcomed by readers and even influenced the creation of later works such as "Flowers in the Mirror" and "Lao Can's Travels".
3. Why is "Gulliver's Travels" the most famous satirical novel in the history of British literature?
The scene of Lilliput described in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The perennial struggle between the Tories and the Whigs in the UK and the war abroad are essentially just politicians scheming over small issues that have nothing to do with the national economy and the people's livelihood.
The second volume of the novel uses the King of the Great Kingdom's sharp attack on the British electoral system, parliamentary system and various political and religious measures that Gulliver is proud of. Measures expressed doubt and denial.
In the third volume of the novel, the author points his satire at contemporary British philosophers, scientists who are divorced from reality and indulge in fantasy, absurd inventors, and critics and historians who confuse right and wrong. , and the exposure of British colonial rule and oppression in Ireland.
In the fourth volume of the novel, the author uses Gulliver to answer a series of questions to reveal the essence of war, the hypocrisy of the law, and the shameful behavior of obtaining an official title by any means necessary.
Looking at the entire plot of the novel, "Gulliver's Travels" has a clear political tendency. Its critical edge focused on attacking the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces at that time.
By describing Gulliver's four encounters, the author has seen through contemporary corruption and criticized the corrupt society at that time in a satirical way
4. We should How to understand this work?
The author of "Gulliver's Travels" Swift was born in Dublin, the capital of Ireland, to an Englishman who settled in Ireland. He was a posthumous son and was raised by his uncle. His masterpiece "Gulliver's Travels" was published in 1726. It was regarded as a work of children's literature, but it was actually a satirical novel criticizing the degeneration and corruption of British society at that time.
5. What is the theme of "Gulliver's Travels"?
By describing Gulliver's four encounters, the author has seen through contemporary corruption and criticized the corrupt society at that time in a satirical way
6. Why is it said Swift's satirical art is highly generalized?
What is particularly worth mentioning is that Swift's satirical art is highly generalized. He is good at deeply exposing the ugly phenomena and contradictory relationships in society through specific plots, and can often point out some of their essences. At the same time, Swift implicitly integrates the various contradictions that existed in British society at that time into the political struggles of various countries in the book. During the relaxed reading process, readers will naturally think of the darkness of British politics and the cruel plunder of foreign countries.
Answer: stone_town - Trainee Magician Level 2 2009-7-24 13:25
shenmgeiti
1~1. Beethoven (1770-1827 ), Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Tolstoy (1928-1910).
2. John Christoph
3. An unfortunate man, Poverty, disability, loneliness, people who are caused by pain, the world does not give him joy, but he creates joy to give to the world; he uses his suffering to create joy, as he used that heroic saying to illustrate - that is It can sum up his life and become the motto of all heroic souls: Use pain in exchange for welcome
..
This is what the author Romain Rolland wrote at the end of Beethoven's biography
..
p>
Praise Beethoven for experiencing countless painful and dangerous peaks and reaching the clearest understanding of life
It is worth learning from future generations.
4. Read "Michelangelo" The chapter "Biography" and "Part Two: Loneliness" explains the genius's experience of loneliness and his great fraternity.
5. Engels called Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael the three giants of the Italian Renaissance.
6. The most common theory is that he tried to use this to show that it was too late for him to break with the aristocratic life - and Mrs. Tolstoy who refused to give up this life. A self-reliant working life. Therefore, he dedicated his life to the ideal of equality. However, in fact, the real reason for Tolstoy's running away was the same reason that made him uneasy when he was newlywed forty-eight years ago: the diary.
If Tolstoy was troubled by not being able to write a diary for himself, then Sophia was troubled by not being able to read her husband's diary. The couple started a protracted war over the diary. In Tolstoy's later years, this war reached its climax. In order to have a diary written only for himself, Tolstoy really spent a lot of time and brainpower. For a time, this world-famous writer had to hide his diary in his boots, which even he found funny. However, in the end it was discovered by Sophia. Sophia asked to see the rest of his diaries, but he refused and deposited the last ten years of his diaries in a bank. Sophia kept crying about this. She couldn't figure out why a wife couldn't read her husband's diary. There was only one explanation for this: there must be bad things written about her in it. When she cried again, Tolstoy shouted: "I handed over everything I had: property, works... I only kept my diary to myself. If you continue to torture me, I will run away." , I will run away!" The People's Textbook probably said this: His wife became fond of glory and wealth, and finally read in front of him the letters and diaries he wrote to her when they were passionately in love. They suffered together in the end, only to realize that they could not go back. , and then he ran away on a snowy night.
7. "Resurrection"
8. Laozi and Li Er
9. Tolstoy, among the Russian classic writers, he has the best understanding of China and contact with Chinese culture One of the most. In the 19th century, he proposed "using traditional Chinese culture to save the world." When everyone was looking to the West, he put forward the idea of ??leaning towards Chinese classical culture and gradually moved towards the path of Eastern thought.
There were various crises in the world at that time: spiritual crisis, value crisis, and problems of the meaning of life, which made people very confused. The loss of ideal purpose made Westerners think of traditional Chinese culture. It was inevitable, because Chinese classical culture can solve the crisis of postmodern thought.
In the 1980s, Tolstoy wrote "Priest Shergan", which became an important work for studying his spiritual development. Tolstoy once commented that Father Shergan was a classical writer. A fool of ism, which also shows that Tolstoy has completely moved towards Orientalism. The Chinese people have always believed in "the way of heaven and the ethics of humanity". Individuals should live together in a group. Tolstoy stepped out from the group of Russian aristocrats, but he did not move toward the individual and the community. The authentic world has moved towards another world of patriarchal peasants, that is, the world of the East. Therefore, once Tolstoy came into contact with Eastern civilization at this time, he immediately hit it off. It can be seen from his diary that during this period, he was thoroughly exposed to Chinese thought. The thoughts that had a huge impact on him were the thoughts of Confucius and Mencius. Among them, The one who has the greatest influence is Lao Tzu. He absorbed the "external inaction" in Laozi's thought, combined it with the "cultivation" of Confucianism, and opposed people learning too much, and should inspire spiritual wisdom from tradition. He became an "anarchist" and was known as the "Lao Tzu" of Russia.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Tolstoy was more concerned about China's affairs. He wrote to Chinese youth three times, emphasizing the need to preserve China's classical heritage, maintain China's traditions, adhere to the principles of farming life, and adhere to From the standpoint of "Tao", we use Eastern culture to save the world.
10.
For fear of making mistakes, I won’t write it now~
Part 2
1. "Gulliver’s Travels" "The artistic characteristics of satire and exaggeration
2. Background: This book was written around 1726 and is a representative work of the outstanding British satirist Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) in the 18th century.
Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland, and lived a difficult life in his early years. He barely managed to finish college with the help of relatives and friends. In 1688, Swift came to England and worked as a country priest and then as a private secretary to a nobleman. "The Story of the Barrel" is his first important literary work. The idea of ??"Gulliver's Travels" originated from a gathering with friends. When Swift talked about the greedy and shameless behavior in the political circles at that time, he was so excited that he laughed and cursed, and the letter began the first volume of "Gulliver's Travels". creation. After being written into the book, it went through countless additions, deletions and modifications, and was finally published anonymously in 1726, which immediately caused great controversy in British society. Over the past 200 years, it has been translated into dozens of languages ??and widely circulated around the world.
It is worth mentioning that "Gulliver's Travels" is the earliest British literary masterpiece introduced to China. In 1872, it was translated into "Tan Ying Xiao Lu" and published in "Shen Shen". It was widely welcomed by readers and even influenced the creation of later works such as "Flowers in the Mirror" and "Lao Can's Travels".
3. Why is "Gulliver's Travels" the most famous satirical novel in the history of British literature?
The scene of Lilliput described in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The endless struggles between the Tories and the Whigs in the UK and the wars abroad are essentially just politicians scheming over small issues that have nothing to do with the national economy and the people's livelihood.
The second volume of the novel uses the King of the Great Kingdom's sharp attack on the British electoral system, parliamentary system and various political and religious measures that Gulliver is proud of. Measures expressed doubt and denial.
In the third volume of the novel, the author points his satire at contemporary British philosophers, scientists who are divorced from reality and indulge in fantasy, absurd inventors, and critics and historians who confuse right and wrong. , and the exposure of British colonial rule and oppression in Ireland.
In the fourth volume of the novel, the author uses Gulliver to answer a series of questions to reveal the essence of war, the hypocrisy of the law, and the shameful behavior of obtaining an official title by any means necessary.
Looking at the entire plot of the novel, "Gulliver's Travels" has a clear political tendency. Its critical edge focused on attacking the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces at that time.
By describing Gulliver's four encounters, the author has seen through contemporary corruption and criticized the corrupt society at that time in a satirical way
4. We should How to understand this work?
The author of "Gulliver's Travels" Swift was born in Dublin, the capital of Ireland, to an Englishman who settled in Ireland. He was a posthumous son and was raised by his uncle. His masterpiece "Gulliver's Travels" was published in 1726. It was regarded as a work of children's literature, but in fact it was a satirical novel criticizing the degeneration and corruption of British society at that time.
5. What is the theme of "Gulliver's Travels"?
By describing Gulliver's four encounters, the author has seen through contemporary corruption and criticized the corrupt society at that time in a satirical way
6. Why is it said Swift's satirical art is highly generalized?
What is particularly worth mentioning is that Swift's satirical art is highly generalized. He is good at deeply exposing the ugly phenomena and contradictory relationships in society through specific plots, and can often point out some of their essences. At the same time, Swift implicitly integrates the various contradictions that existed in British society at that time into the political struggles of various countries in the book. During the relaxed reading process, readers will naturally think of the darkness of British politics and the cruel plunder of foreign countries
< p>7 He has written 2 novels, one is the well-known, popular and touching "How the Steel Was Tempered", and the second is his novel "The Tempest" after writing "How the Steel Was Tempered". "Birth", he planned to write three volumes, but he suffered a stomach attack after only completing the first volume and died of illness in 1936 at the age of 32. Shortly after his death, the first volume of Born of the Storm was published.8. Nikolai Ostrovsky was born on September 29, 1904 in a peasant family in Ukraine. He ranks fifth and is the youngest in his family.
The Ostrovsky family is burdened by their livelihood, and all the children have shouldered the burden of supporting the family since childhood. But what is very rare is that despite being impoverished, all the children learned to read and write and completed primary school.
The future writer showed a strong thirst for knowledge and a high talent in his childhood. He was very obsessed with literature.
During World War I and the Civil War, Ostrovsky actively participated in the underground revolution.
In 1920, Ostrovsky was seriously injured in the Battle of Lviv. After recovering from his injury, he worked on the Kiev railway construction site. During this period, he contracted typhoid fever. In addition, he contracted bone tuberculosis, and his condition deteriorated rapidly.
In early 1927, the 22-year-old Ostrovsky was completely paralyzed and bedridden. He began to go blind. It was at this difficult moment in his life that he decided to use literary works to show the face of the times he lived in and his personal life experience. He originally wrote the first few chapters of the novel, but the manuscript was accidentally lost in the mail. Since then, the writer has started writing the novel "How Steel Was Tempered".
Nikolai Ostrovsky’s life was a miracle: despite suffering from illness, he never bowed to death for 10 years. In the case of severe physical exhaustion, he insisted on passing down this novel describing the fate of his generation to future generations.
The book "How Steel Was Tempered" is an autobiographical novel, in which you can read a large number of real fragments about the author's life. Ostrovsky's friends gave great support to his literary creation and helped him transcribe pages of manuscripts. In October 1931, the first part of the novel was completed and published in 1932. The second part was completed in May 1933 and published in 1934.
When Ostrovsky first started writing the novel, he did not have an assistant. His wife Raisa Porfilievna Ostrovskaya left early and came home late, busy with work. Although the pain was unbearable and his body could barely move, Ostrovsky completed the beginning of the novel independently with the help of a cutting board. In early 1931, his mother and sister went to Moscow to reunite with him, and he changed to dictating books. Every day, he needs to overcome difficulties that are unimaginable to ordinary people. He not only needs to remember the overall context of the work and visualize and detail the ideas, but he also must not forget the sentences he wrote and the words he used. His literary thoughts usually surge late at night, with successful characters and beautiful words gushing out. In order to capture the fleeting inspiration, he can only stay up all night and repeatedly chant the precious fragments in his mind. Every sentence in the novel has been carefully tempered by him.
The book "How Steel Was Tempered" was an unprecedented success, exceeding everyone's expectations.
As early as 1934, the book was translated into Ukrainian, Polish, Moldovan and Chuvash. Letters from readers poured in like flakes.
Some literary critics, especially today's critics, have always questioned the artistic value of Ostrovsky's novels. Controversy is of course allowed. But there is no doubt that this work has helped many readers in many countries around the world overcome seemingly insurmountable difficulties at first glance, and it has given many people on the verge of despair a new lease of life. There are countless such examples. This is the real value of the novel. And Ostrovsky’s courageous spirit in fighting the disease has become a treasure of tenacious struggle for all mankind
9 How did Romain Rolland evaluate the book "How Steel Was Tempered" of?
Ostrovsky, a famous proletarian writer in the early Soviet Union. Born in a poor working class family in the village of Vilia, Ukraine. At the age of 14, he participated in the struggle to defend the Soviet power. In 1919, he joined the Communist Youth League and officially joined the Red Army, galloping on the battlefield and becoming an excellent scout. In 1920, he was seriously injured and left the team. After recovering from his injury, he was sent to work at the Kiev Railway Factory. In 1927, he became paralyzed. After he became blind in 1929, he fumbled and wrote on the thick paper with blank spaces. Finally, he miraculously completed the first part of the novel "How Steel Was Tempered" and "Born of the Storm". of creation. In recognition of his outstanding contribution, the Soviet government awarded him the Order of Lenin in 1935. He is the most loyal warrior of the proletariat and a true hero of steel. His life of fighting tenaciously for the cause of proletarian revolution is "an ode to a fiery and heroic life" (Romain Rolland).
The popular passage in the work has become the motto of millions of readers. What is the text?
The most expensive in humans - this is life. It gives him the once, and it must be to live in such a way that was not painfully hurt for aimlessly lived years in order not to disgrace zheg for podlenkoe and mercantile past and that, dying, has been able to say: the whole life and all forces were given the most beautiful in the world - the struggle for the liberation of humanity. "
Man's dearest possession is life. It is given to him but once, and he must live it so as to feel no torturing regrets for wasted years, never know the burning shame of a mean and petty past; so live that, dying, he might say : all my life, all my strength were given to the finest cause in all the world——the fight for the Liberation of Mankind.
--Ostrovsky
The complete paragraph is :
The most precious thing for a person is life. Everyone has only one life. A person's life should be spent like this: looking back on the past, he will not regret for wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of living a mediocre life; When he was dying, he could say: My whole life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world - the struggle for the liberation of all mankind.
--Ostrov. Ski
. What kind of story does "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" tell?
The novel describes the innocent and romantic life of a group of children headed by Tom Sawyer. In order to get rid of boring homework, hypocritical teachings and rigid living environment, they made various adventure experiences.
Tom is a smart and active child, who embodies many talents such as wisdom, strategy, justice, bravery and even leadership. He is a collection of multiple characters, resourceful, compassionate, and averse to the real environment. He is determined to break out of the shackles, become a forest hero, and live a life of chivalry and justice.
The Tom Sawyer portrayed in the novel is an image with ideals, ambitions and worries. He is flesh and blood and lifelike, leaving a deep impression on readers.
In the eyes of his aunt, he was a naughty boy and mischievous, but she was softened by his "resourcefulness" time and time again.
.What are the language characteristics of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"?
Tom Sawyer is a smart and active child who embodies many talents such as wisdom, strategy, justice, bravery and even leadership. He is a collection of multiple characters, resourceful, compassionate, and averse to the real environment. He is determined to break out of the shackles, become a forest hero, and live a life of chivalry and justice.
The Tom Sawyer portrayed in the novel is an image with ideals, ambitions and worries. He is flesh and blood and lifelike, leaving a deep impression on readers. In the eyes of his aunt, he was a naughty boy and mischievous, but she was softened by his "resourcefulness" time and time again.
He is a child with a strange imagination. He looks naughty but has a kind heart. Under the complicated feudal education, he appeared to be a "bad boy". The people in the town were very rude to him because he was not a "model good student" in people's minds. Tom doesn't think so. He only yearns for an unrestrained life, searching for novel worlds like a pirate.
The description of the transfer of wall painting rights in the second chapter of the novel fully demonstrates Tom's outstanding leadership skills. Ben unknowingly became Tom's "captive" voluntarily. He not only painted the wall for Tom, but also sacrificed his own apples in order to paint the wall. While the children were rushing to paint the wall, Tom was secretly happy. In Chapter 23, after a fierce ideological struggle, Tom finally bravely stood up to testify and rescued Moff Potter. This once again reflects Tom's outstanding character of not being afraid of rape and insisting on justice.
When Mark Twain described a group of children headed by Tom, he did not just stop at the general portrayal of the characters, but developed according to the nature of the children, and also made a deeper understanding of the psychological aspects of the children. description.
Find out the detailed description part from "Mr. Fujino" and talk about its role in characterization.
‘A dark and thin gentleman with a mustache and glasses, holding a stack of large and small books. As soon as he placed the book on the podium, he introduced it to the students in a slow and frustrated tone. . 'This is the author's first impression of him;
'It is said that Mr. Fujino's clothes are too vague, and sometimes he forgets his tie; in winter, he wears a coat, which makes him shiver. When he got on the train, the conductor suspected that he was a pickpocket and told the passengers in the car to be careful. This is what his classmates said about him.
The long sentence in the last paragraph of the full text illustrates an outstanding person. A teacher is like an eternal lamp, shining on people for a long time and giving them spirit and strength
What was Bing Xin’s original name? Any other pen names?
Her original name is Xie Wanying, and her pen names are Bing Xin, Ms. Bing Xin, Mr. Bing Xin, etc.
What literary genres is Bing Xin best at?
Poetry, prose, address book
What does the main theme of Bing Xin’s works praise?
Motherly love, innocence, nature
What are the artistic characteristics of Bing Xin’s poem creation?
She is more suitable for prose than poetry) Some of her works are nostalgia for her motherland, hometown, and family. It also combines maternal love, innocence and nature into one. Fresh, interesting and philosophical. Contents such as maternal love and childlike innocence still play an important role in the works, but the tone has undergone some changes: the disappointment after disillusionment has increased, the distress of exploring the meaning of life without answers, and the melancholy and confusion when recalling childhood life. Sadness, and occasionally showing sympathy and admiration for the hardworking people. This situation foreshadows some changes that the author may have after getting more in touch with the reality of social life, getting rid of fantasy, and going through a long and tortuous road (later written "Fen" in the collection "Aunt", "Fen" in the collection "About Women") The novels such as "Sister-in-law Zhang" in the book, to some extent, reveal this clue). From an artistic point of view, Bing Xin's writing style is light and flexible, the words are fresh and meaningful, and the emotions are delicate and clear. They not only exert the fluent and clear characteristics of vernacular writing, but also absorb the concise and concise advantages of classical Chinese. They reveal the author's higher literary accomplishment. It also shows the unique style of a talented female writer.