(1) Understand how to choose typical cases to highlight the character.
(2) Understand the emotional color of language.
teaching emphasis: text reading.
Teaching difficulties: understanding the text ideas and determining the theme.
teaching hours: 3 class hours.
preview query
1. Introduce new lessons, cultivate interest and strengthen motivation.
1. Open the cover of self-made teaching software "Mr. Fujino" and introduce it with the accompaniment of Japanese guzheng "Sakura":
Mr. Fujino is the most respected teacher of Mr. Lu Xun; The narrative prose "Mr. Fujino" is Lu Xun's most valued work. In 1935, the Japanese Iwabo Library was going to publish Selected Works of Lu Xun, and the translator Zengtian went to Shanghai to seek Lu Xun's opinion and asked him which articles to choose. Lu Xun replied: "Everything is optional, but I hope I can select Mr. Fujino." His purpose is to inquire about the whereabouts of Mr. Fujino, and at the same time entrust Mr. Masuda to look for him. In the second year, Selected Works of Lu Xun was published, and Masuda sent a sample book to Shanghai. Lu Xun asked about the whereabouts of Mr. Fujino again, but Masuda said that he did not get it. Mr. Lu Xun sighed and said, "Mr. Fujino is probably dead!"
2. For more than half a century, people's understanding of the theme of Mr. Fujino is superficial, even wrong, including all kinds of teaching AIDS and teachers' books. Today, we should learn this article and correct the mistakes of more than half a century. In this way, we can also cultivate students' creative spirit and ability.
second, preview the text.
1. Listen to the recording of the text and mark the birth words and places you don't understand.
2. Pronunciation of new words: The instructor of the post office caught a glimpse of deformity and blamed anonymity
There is no news. The rotten aloe vera is like a crimson taro stalk
The deep pain is tied to the vegetable root
3. Understand the text as a whole and fill in the blanks: Mr. Fujino is selected from the genre.
4. According to the shift of time and place, this paper can be divided into the following three parts:
(1) Being, expressing disgust;
(2) Being, remembering and communicating;
(3) In, express the harmony with Mr. Fujino.
5. Ask your own questions, especially "doubt".
Read the text
1. Read the first part of the text-in Tokyo.
1. Read aloud by name, correct pronunciation. Enjoy the pictures of Ueno Park and Mount Fuji where cherry blossoms are in full bloom.
2. what does "nothing more" mean? Show the author's feelings? -Just to express the author's disappointment with Tokyo.
3. Understand the artistic ingenuity of the author in describing the appearance of "students studying in Qing Dynasty"
Question: What characteristics did the author grasp in writing the appearance of "students studying in Qing Dynasty"? -Grasping the characteristics of "grasping big braid".
why do you pay attention to this feature? ── Because at that time, with or without braids, we could distinguish the attitude towards the Qing dynasty. The teacher introduced the knowledge about braids at that time:
Before the Qing Dynasty, our country paid attention to "the skin of the body should not be damaged by the parents" (projecting the above words), so the hair should not be cut for life (except monks and nuns). After the crown ceremony at the age of 2, I tied my hair on my head and put a "crown" on it. After the Qing people entered the Central Plains, they enforced the Qing French style: the hair on the forehead was shaved off and the braid was left behind. At that time, there was a saying that "the hair was left without hair, and the hair was left without head" (projecting the above words). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, intellectuals with anti-Qing ideas, such as Lu Xun, took the lead in cutting off braids. Therefore, at that time, the attitude towards the Qing dynasty could be distinguished only by braids. Some braids are cut off and then regret it, so they continue with a fake braid. This is the case with the "fake foreign devil" in Lu Xun's novel The True Story of Ah Q. Another is that when the revolution comes, you put your braid on your head and hold it with a chopstick; If the revolution fails, put it down. Ah Q is like this.
for this reason, Lu Xun also wrote a story about hair (attached).
"Students studying abroad in Qing Dynasty" have braids on their heads. What does it mean? -wearing pigtails and refusing to cut them off shows that they are loyal to the Qing dynasty and are decadent royalists; And the braid is on the top of the head, which shows that they pursue fashion and show that they are in favor of "reform." Once the reform fails, you can also put down your braids and show that you are a royalist. In short, neither fish nor fowl, neither native nor foreign, are two-faced at both ends of the first mouse.
Teacher's comment: Lu Xun grasped the characteristics of "braiding" to write the appearance of overseas students in Qing Dynasty, in fact, he was drawing their souls. He expressed profound and rich contents in extremely concise language. He is really a master and generous!
4. The art of understanding the author's language rhetoric
What rhetorical devices are used to "form a Mount Fuji"? What is the expressive effect? -metaphor. It's ironic
If some students think it's exaggerated, make the following explanation: Using this metaphor not only shows its height, but also its shape. If it is exaggerated, it is exaggerated too much and exaggerated improperly. Because the rhetorical method of exaggeration requires both obvious exaggeration and irrelevance. Mr. Lu Xun gave an example: it is a good exaggeration to say that "Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats"; It is an exaggeration to say that "Guangzhou snowflakes are as big as seats".
what do you mean by "shiny"? Answer: "The shine can be learned" means that the hair is polished with oil and combed brightly, which can be used as a mirror.
what does "Jian" mean? What part of speech? Jian, originally meant mirror, is used as a verb here, meaning to look in the mirror.
Little knowledge "Jian" and "Jian" (projected by computer, or written on the blackboard as a "language environment"):
"Jian", written by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen (see the right table for examples), is like a person looking at his own shadow in a "dish" filled with water, which means "looking in the mirror". Later, with the bronze mirror, "Jian" was written as "Jian". What does "Peugeot" mean? What is the rhetorical device here? Express what feelings? -the original meaning is beautiful, and here is irony, which is used to satirize and express the author's dislike of "Qing students".
how about deleting "in droves" and "in reality"? Why? -No, because "in droves" means that there are many "Qing students" visiting parks and enjoying cherry blossoms; "Reality" plays an important role in "Peugeot". The deletion weakened the power of irony.
what does "proficient in current affairs" mean here? Answer: it means knowing a lot of boring things, which is also an irony.
5. Understand the author's thoughts and feelings
Why did Lu Xun hate and ridicule "Qing students"? -Lu Xun went to Japan to study with the aim of "saving the country through science". However, these "overseas students from Qing Dynasty" ignored the ruin of their country, visited parks during the day and learned to dance at night. Under the banner of "reform", they were loyal to the monarch and protected the emperor, so Lu Xun hated them.
Provide the reading material "Little Portrait of Self-Title" (see page 26 of the textbook), which proves the above viewpoint:
Lingtai has no plan to escape from God's arrow, and the wind and rain are like a rock to darken its hometown.
I'd like to express my gratitude to Han Xing for not observing him. I commend Xuanyuan with my blood.
Translate this poem into vernacular poetry (projection):
Motherland, my mind can't escape Cupid's arrow,
Although you are stormy and as dark as night.
Even if you don't know my feelings,
I will dedicate my whole blood to you!
6. Understanding the relationship with the topic and the center
Mr. Fujino is not written in this paragraph. Are you digressing? Answer: No digression. This paragraph has two functions: the first is to explain the reason for leaving Tokyo and lead to the interaction with Mr. Fujino. The second function will be known only after learning the text.
second, read "after a week ... I naturally remember it in my heart".
(The following three paragraphs of reading questions can be used as classroom exercises or as homework after class)
1. Summarize these two examples and write a subtitle: ──(1) Add and modify the handout; (2) correct the anatomical map.
2. What are the two meanings of "handout" in the text? -The former refers to the lecture content, while the latter refers to the class notes.
3. Why am I so surprised? Please summarize it in your own words. -because I saw Mr. Fujino personally changing the lecture notes for the foreign student "I".
4. Why am I "uneasy and grateful"? Please answer with the sentences in the article. -"Uneasy" is because there are so many omissions and mistakes in the handout that my husband is bothered. What is "grateful" is Mr. Fujino's enthusiastic concern.
5. is it ok to change the word "add and modify" to "modify"? No, "adding and modifying" is more laborious than "modifying".
6. Did Mr. Fujino add and modify the lecture notes for Lu Xun occasionally? Please find out the basis from the passage. -no. There are two proofs: (1) Mr. Fujino asked to show it to him once a week; (2) This continued until Mr. Fujino finished teaching his lessons: orthopedics, vascular science and neurology.
7. Fill in the blanks:
Mr. Fujino corrected the lecture notes for the author very carefully, among which the most comprehensive words are ── "from beginning to end"; Explain that the words that have been carefully changed are ── "Not only ... even ... one by one"; The word that explains the timely change is ── "Give it back to me the next three days".
8. What did Mr. Fujino's change of lecture notes show about his ideological quality? -serious and responsible.
9. "The real thing is so kind that we can't change it" reflects both Mr. Fujino's attitude towards students and his attitude towards scientific issues.
1. Projected picture: Mr. Fujino's handout for Lu Xun's correction.
Third, independent reading "One day, the student union officer at the same level came to my apartment ... but my opinion changed".
1. Explanatory words:
Righteousness
Anonymous censure
2. "Patriotic youth" refers to young people. It is indicated by quotation marks.
3. The main contents of the anonymous letter written by "patriotic youth" to Lu Xun are as follows.
4. The "movement" of "the officials try their best to exercise" means here.
5. The correct understanding of "China is a weak country ... so it is not its own ability" is.
6. The word "shadow" of "shadow several current affairs films" means.
7. The "China people" who "have China people caught in it" refer to China people and China people.
8. "They clap their hands and cheer" means "they". The "they" of "they are also cheering like drunk" is.
9. "Alas, I can't think about it" is a sigh of helplessness. "particularly harsh" because.
1. "My opinion has changed" means. In a nutshell, the reason for "change" is.
11. This passage not only shows the Japanese "patriotic youth", but also shows the strong spirit of Mr. Lu Xun.
Fourth, read the two natural paragraphs at the end of the text independently (which can be arranged as homework):
1. In the first paragraph, Mr. Fujino was warmly praised and highly praised.
2. "In short" means.
3. In the last paragraph, there are three specific actions for the author to remember Mr. Fujino: (1); (2)； (3)。
4. "Conscience" refers to.
5. "A gentleman" satirizes those literati. This is the rhetorical method used.
6. "Deep and painful disease" is a phrase; "Conscience" is a phrase; "Increase courage" is a phrase; "Black and thin face" is a phrase.
5. Read the text further and discuss Mr. Fujino's ideological quality and the theme of this article.
1. One of the characteristics of this paper is "choosing typical cases to express the ideological quality of characters". Please complete Exercise 1 after class: Fill in the form and explain which four typical examples the author wrote about his interaction with Mr. Fujino, and what ideological qualities Mr. Fujino showed respectively.
2. provide the answer to "teacher's teaching book" and discuss: is this answer correct?
3. Inspire questions and provide the following famous words (projection):
Zhu Xi: "Those who have no doubt in reading must first teach those who have doubts, but those who have doubts must have no doubt, and they will make progress here."
Lu Jiuyuan said, "Learning is expensive, knowing doubts, ... small doubts make small progress, and big doubts make great progress."
State Education Commission: "Several Opinions on Actively Promoting the Implementation of Quality Education in Primary and Secondary Schools at Present": ... To lay a good foundation for students to acquire the ability of lifelong learning, creativity and survival and development.
our school motto: understanding and innovation.
4. Guide questioning and encourage creativity. (1) Are there four typical cases? Answer: No, it should be five, and "farewell". (2) Is Mr. Fujino's quality just "serious and responsible"? Answer: No, it should be a nobler, more touching and more valuable spiritual quality. The author said in the following article: "He is the one who makes me most grateful and encourages me", and he is "great in my eyes and heart". Just being serious and responsible can't be called "great". (3) Is Mr. Fujino so "serious and responsible" for every student? Answer: No. Lu Xun was the only one, so it also aroused the suspicion of other students. (4) Is it accurate to say that Mr. Fujino "has no national prejudice"? Answer: Not accurate. As long as he doesn't discriminate against Lu Xun like a "patriotic youth", he is "not pregnant with national prejudice" Not only did he not discriminate against Lu Xun, but he was more concerned, more enthusiastic and more preferential than Japanese students.
5. Provide reading materials ── chapter 3 "The Sorrow of the Homeless" in Lu Xun Biography by Wang Xiaoming, a contemporary expert on Lu Xun, a professor and doctor in Shanghai East China Normal University. Projection:
When Lu Xun went to Japan, Japan's national strength was getting stronger and stronger, and its ambition to dominate East Asia was expanding day by day, and China had just been wiped out in the Sino-Japanese War. Some newspapers openly declared: "Westerners regard China as an animal, but they really have to feel like animals and inferior animals. Therefore, they (referring to China people) have lost their human qualifications physically." Therefore, when Lu Xun went to Japan to study at this time, he was inevitably discriminated against and despised. Walking in the streets of Tokyo, he is often abused by young people. You live not only among strangers, but also among strangers' contempt and contempt. Please think about it. How can a self-respecting China person stand such a situation?
Many foreign students Lu Xun met were just so disappointing. Instead of drawing the motivation of self-warning from Japanese contempt, they constantly justified that contempt with their own good deeds. Take the overseas students who live with Lu Xun as an example. Some of them stomp on the floor all day and learn to dance in dusty conditions, and some of them do not follow the practice of taking a bath in order for new and old customers in the inn, so they jump into the bathroom first and splash water. It is so annoying in such daily trifles, and other aspects can be imagined. On the one hand, it is the contempt of the Japanese, and on the other hand, it is the ugly behavior of these compatriots. No wonder that as soon as Lu Xun got the diploma to study Japanese, he immediately went to the remote Sendai.
what about Sendai? In Sendai Medical College, Lu Xun is the only one from China, and the faces of those annoying compatriots can naturally be avoided. However, the Japanese contempt for China people is also very popular in Sendai. The abusive remarks in Sendai newspapers are not milder than those in other places at all. There are also people in Lu Xun's class who give him dirty looks and make no secret of it. His academic performance is average.