who eat western food taste western culture. Traditionally, they feast their eyes first (restaurant layout), then their ears (soft music) and then their mouths (delicious French dishes). After long-term discussion and induction, scholars think that eating western food is the most important thing to pay attention to six "M's".
the first one is "Menu"
when you enter the western restaurant, the waiter will lead you to your seat first, and when you are seated, the menu will be brought up first. The menu is regarded as the facade of a restaurant. Reading the menu and ordering food has become an indispensable procedure for eating western food and a way of life.
There is a unique way to order good dishes. The way is to open the menu and see which dish is named after the hotel. Be sure to get the point, because no chef will joke about his own restaurant name.
The second is "Music"
Luxury and advanced western restaurants should have bands and play some soft music, and ordinary small western restaurants also play some wonderful music. However, the emphasis is on the extent to which the music seems to be heard and inaudible, that is, you can't hear it if you concentrate on talking with your friends, but you can hear it if you want to have a rest and relax.
The third is "Mood" (atmosphere)
Western food pays attention to elegant environment and harmonious atmosphere. There must be music, white tablecloths and flowers, and all tableware must be clean. In case of dinner, the lights should be dim and there should be red candles on the table to create a romantic, charming and elegant atmosphere.
the fourth one is "Meeting"
If you want to have western food with someone, you must have a choice, and you must be friends, relatives and people with similar interests.
the fifth is "Manner" (etiquette)
Follow western customs, use knives and forks correctly, generally arrange men and women to sit next to each other, pay attention to the principle of "ladies first", and show attentions to ladies.
the sixth one is "Meal" (food)
Western food takes nutrition as the core.
Second, how to order western food
Many people are still unfamiliar with ordering western food. The following is the order of serving western food for the reference of those who study western food:
1. The starter
is also called appetizer, which is generally divided into cold dishes and hot ones. The common varieties are caviar, foie gras, smoked salmon and cocktail glasses. Cream chicken crisp box, local snail, etc.
2. Soups
can be roughly divided into clear soup, cream soup, vegetable soup and cold soup. There are oxtail clear soup, all kinds of cream soup, seafood soup, American clam soup, Italian vegetable soup and Russian Luo Songtang. French onion soup.
3. Side dishes
Usually aquatic dishes, eggs, bread and crispy box dishes are called side dishes. Western food pays attention to the use of special sauces when eating fish dishes, including tartar sauce, Dutch sauce, hotel sauce, white cream sauce, archbishop sauce, American sauce and sailor fish sauce.
4. Main course
Meat and poultry dishes are the main courses. Among them, beef or steak is the most representative, and the seasonings used in meat dishes mainly include Spanish juice, concentrated sauce, mushroom juice, white silk juice and so on. The raw materials of poultry dishes are taken from chickens. Ducks and geese; The most common poultry dishes are chicken, which can be boiled, fried, roasted and simmered. The main sauces are curry juice and cream juice.
5. Vegetable dishes
can be arranged after meat dishes or served at the same time with meat dishes. Vegetable dishes are called salads in western food. Salad with the main course at the same time is called raw vegetable salad, which is usually made of lettuce, tomato, cucumber and asparagus. There is also a kind made of fish, meat and eggs, generally without flavor juice.
6. Dessert
Dessert in western food is eaten after the main course and can be counted as the sixth course. In a real sense, it includes all the food after the main course, such as pudding, ice cream, cheese, fruit and so on.
7. Coffee
Generally, you should add sugar and whipped cream to your coffee.
Third, there is a courtesy to eat western food
There are many tableware on the table of western food, and you should use specific tableware to eat everything. When enjoying the elegant dining atmosphere of western food, you should behave correctly and appropriately, and have a "ceremony" when eating.
1. When sitting, keep your body straight, and don't put your elbows on the table, and don't tilt your feet. The distance from the table is better to facilitate the use of tableware. Don't fiddle with the tableware set on the dining table. Fold the napkin in half and gently put it on your lap.
napkin cloth: western-style napkins are generally made of cloth, and the napkin cloth is square and flat with elegant colors. Often put on your lap, you can also put it on your chest when you pay attention to etiquette, and you can also put it on the table when you are relaxed. One of the napkin corners is facing your chest and pressed with dishes.
Napkin cloth can be used to wipe your mouth or hands. It should be folded diagonally into a triangle shape or parallelly into a square shape. All stains should be wiped inside, and the appearance will always be neat. When you leave your seat, even if you leave temporarily, you should take off the napkin cloth and fold it into squares or triangles at will and put it on the side of the table or the corner of the table, preferably on your own seat.
2. Use of knife, fork and spoon
Knife: It is used to cut food. Don't use it to stir up food and send it to your mouth. Remember: hold the knife in your right hand. If there are three kinds of knives with different specifications at the same time when eating, the correct usage is: the one with small serrations is used to cut meat and make food; Medium size is used to cut large pieces of vegetables into small pieces; And that kind of small knife with a round tip and some upturned top is used to cut the bun, and then use it to pick some jam and cream to spread on it.
fork: hold the fork in your left hand, and move lightly when you fork up the food and send it to your mouth. Pick up a proper amount of food and put it in your mouth at one time. When picking up food in your mouth, your teeth only touch the food. Don't bite the fork, and don't let the knife and fork sound on your teeth or plate.
Spoons: On formal occasions, there are many kinds of spoons, the small ones are used for coffee and dessert; Flat for buttering and sharing cakes; Larger, used to drink soup or hold small food; The biggest one is for sharing soup, which is common in buffets.
Placement of tableware is placed from outside to inside according to the order of serving. Some dishes will remove some knives and forks after use.
the direction and position of the knife and fork are particular. The knife and fork are placed on the saucer in a figure of eight, with the knife edge facing inward and the fork tip facing downward, which means that you will continue to eat; Knife and fork are placed in parallel on the saucer, and the knife edge is outward, and the fork tip is upward, which means you don't eat. The spoon is placed horizontally in the soup plate with the spoon center up, which also means that the soup tableware can be taken away. Remember, never put one end of the knife and fork on the plate and the other end on the table.
4. Elegant dining:
You should not eat too much food in your mouth every time. Don't talk while chewing, and don't take the initiative to talk to others.
drink thick soup: the spoon should be taken horizontally and scooped gently from the outside to the inside. Don't dig the spoon to the end heavily, and the outside of the spoon will touch the soup. Touch the inside of the spoon with your lips when drinking, and don't pick up the soup basin to drink. When the soup is about to be finished, gently lift the inside of the soup basin with your left hand on your chest, concentrate the soup on one side of the bottom of the basin, and scoop it out with your right hand.
Cakes: Cut a piece just right for eating in one bite with a knife, and fork it into the mouth.
Bread: In table manners, there is a so-called "left bread, right water glass". When eating bread, you should take the bread in one hand, tear off a small piece in the other hand and put it in your mouth. Don't bite the whole bread. When spreading butter and jam, break the bread into small pieces before spreading it.
Eat chicken: Chicken breast is more expensive. When eating chicken legs, you should first remove the bones forcibly, and don't eat them with your hands.
Eat fish: Don't turn the fish over. After eating the upper layer, remove the fish bones with a knife and fork, and then eat the meat at the lower layer. When eating meat, cut one piece and eat one piece. The pieces should not be too big, or cut all the meat at once.
Eating meat: cut from the left, fork the meat from the left, and then cut the meat along the right side of the fork with a knife. If the cut meat can't be eaten in one bite, you can directly cut it into smaller pieces with a knife, cut the meat just the size of a bite, and then send it directly to the population with a fork. The emphasis is on the strength of using the knife to hold down the meat. Push hard when you extend the knife, not when you pull it back. Don't cut all the meat into pieces at the beginning, or all the delicious gravy will flow out. All the decorated vegetables should also be eaten. Vegetables are not only for decoration, but also added for balanced nutrition. When ordering steak, the waiter will first ask about the degree of barbecue and serve it according to your favorite cooking method. When ordering a meal, a cup of sauce will be attached. In formal occasions, the sauce should be served by yourself, not by the waiter. The best amount of sauce is about two tablespoons. After taking the sauce, put the spoon on the side of the sauce bowl and pass it on to the next person.
drinking: even if you don't drink, you should touch the mouth of the cup on your lips to show your respect. When someone pours wine for you, if you don't want it, simply say "no, thank you!" " Or cover the glass slightly with your hand to show your refusal.
smoking: don't smoke until the meal is over, and don't smoke until coffee is served to indicate the end of the meal. If there are female guests around, you should ask politely, "Do you mind?"
drinking coffee: if you want to add milk or sugar, stir it evenly with a small spoon and put the spoon on the saucer of coffee. When drinking, you should hold the cup handle in your right hand, put the saucer on your left hand, and drink directly with your mouth, instead of scooping it with a spoon.
eat fruit: don't bite the whole fruit, first cut it into four or main petals with a fruit knife, then remove the skin and core with a knife and fork it to eat.
Conversation: You should talk with the guests around you while eating, but you should avoid talking and laughing loudly. Don't just talk to a few acquaintances. If you don't know them, you can introduce yourself. Don't butt in when others are talking.
don't put on makeup at the table, and wipe your nose with a napkin. Burping while eating is the biggest taboo. If this happens, you should apologize to the people around you immediately. Don't stand up when eating, and ask others to pass the food that you can't get while sitting.
When eating fish, meat and other dishes with thorns or bones, don't spit out directly. Cover your mouth with a napkin and spit it gently on a fork and put it on a plate. If there is a small amount of dishes left in the plate, don't scrape the bottom of the plate with a fork, let alone use your fingers to help you eat, but use a small piece of bread or fork to help you eat. When eating noodles, you should roll them up with a fork and then send them into your mouth.
don't wolf down your food. You should also put some food you don't want to eat on the plate to show politeness. Sometimes the host advises the guests to add food. If they have an appetite, it is not rude to add food. On the contrary, the host may be proud of it.
When eating western food, you should dress neatly, sit upright, keep your back straight and stretch your neck. The most important thing is to keep your hands clean and your nails neatly trimmed.
five, eight "no's" in dining etiquette
When eating, you often encounter common and embarrassing situations such as food stuffed into your teeth, accidentally dropping your knife and fork, and even seeing "foreign objects" in dishes. If it is not handled properly, it will give people a rude feeling, and even worse, it will affect others' appetite. To avoid danger and handle it properly, we should pay attention to the eight "no's" of dining etiquette.
1. It is not advisable to wear too much perfume, so as not to drown out the flavor of dishes.
2. ladies should avoid wearing hats and high boots when attending grand dinners.
3. When knives, forks and napkins fall to the ground, don't just lie down under the table to pick them up. Please ask the waiter to replenish them.
4. When food scraps are stuffed between your teeth, don't take them out with toothpicks, but drink some water to see if the situation can be improved. If not, you should go to the bathroom to deal with it.
5. when there are foreign objects in the dishes, don't tell the people next to you with a pale face, so as not to affect others' appetite. Keep calm, pick it out with a napkin and discard it.
6. Don't wave your knife and fork unconsciously when making witty remarks.
7. You should not vomit during meals. If you encounter food that is too spicy or hot, you can drink ice water quickly to adjust it. If you really can't eat it, go to the bathroom for treatment.
8. Ladies should wipe off lipstick before eating, so as to avoid leaving lip prints on cups or tableware, giving people a sense of impurity.
6. Formal western etiquette
1. Tips for making an appointment. The more upscale the hotel, the more you need to make an appointment in advance. When making an appointment, you should not only specify the number and time, but also indicate whether you want a smoking area or a seat with a good view. If it is a birthday or other special day, you can tell the purpose and budget of the banquet. It is basic courtesy to arrive within the scheduled time.
2. No matter how expensive casual clothes are, you can't wear them to the restaurant at will.
3. It is common sense in Europe and America to dress appropriately when eating. To go to high-end restaurants, men should wear neat tops and leather shoes; Ladies should wear suits and shoes with heels. If formal clothes are specified, men must wear ties.
4. Sit on the left side of the chair. The most appropriate way to sit is to sit on the left side. When the chair is pulled away, the body will stand up straight at a distance almost touching the table, and the leader will push the chair in, and when the leg bends and touches the chair behind, you can sit down.
5. When eating, the upper arm and back should lean against the back of the chair, and the abdomen should keep a fist distance from the table. It is best to avoid sitting with your feet crossed.
6. The formal order of serving a full set of meals is: ① vegetables and soup; ② cod liver oil; ③ fruits; ④ meat; ⑥ yogurt ;⑥dessert and coffee; ⑥ fruits; and aperitif wine and table wine. It's not necessary to order all of them. It's rude to order too much but not finish it. People who only order appetizers are not welcome in restaurants with a little standard. Appetizer, main course (fish or meat) and dessert are the most appropriate combination. Ordering is not a starter, but a favorite main course, and then a soup suitable for the main course.
7. Don't pretend to be an expert when ordering wine. In a high-end restaurant, a bartender who is good at tasting wine will bring a wine list. For those who don't know much about wine, it's best to tell him the dishes he has chosen, the budget and his favorite wine tastes, and ask the bartender to help him choose.
8. If the main course is meat, it should be accompanied by red wine, while fish should be accompanied by white wine. Before serving, you might as well have a glass of light wine such as champagne, sherry or Jill.
9. The napkin can be opened before eating. After ordering, open the napkin before the appetizer is delivered, fold it in by one third, and let two thirds spread flat on the legs to cover the legs above the knees. It's best not to stuff napkins into the neckline.
1. Gently hold the cup foot with three fingers. Wine service is usually the responsibility of the waiter to pour a small amount of wine into the glass, so that guests can identify whether the quality is wrong. Just take it as a form, take a sip and sign back Good. Then, the waiter will come to pour the wine. At this time, don't start to get the glass, but put it on the table and let the waiter pour it. The correct posture of holding a cup is to gently hold the foot of the cup with your fingers. In order to prevent the temperature of the hand from increasing the temperature of the wine, the thumb, middle finger and forefinger should be used to hold the foot of the cup, and the little finger should be placed on the bottom of the cup to fix it.
11, the method of drinking. When drinking, you should never inhale, but tilt the glass as if you were putting the wine on your tongue. Shake the glass gently to let the wine come into contact with the air to enhance the mellow taste of the wine, but don't shake the glass violently. Besides, it is impolite to drink it all at once and look at people through the glass while drinking. Don't wipe the lipstick mark on the rim of the cup with your fingers. It's better to wipe it with a tissue.
VII. How to eat salad
How to eat salad: Cut a large piece of lettuce leaves into small pieces with a fork. If it is not easy to cut, you can use a knife and fork. Cut only one piece at a time. Don't cut the whole salad into small pieces at once.
if the salad is served in a large plate, use a salad fork. If you put it with the main course, you have to