Ginkgo, silver fir, Davidia involucrata, fragrant fruit tree
Giant panda, "living fossil" Chinese sturgeon in water, Xinjiang northern salamander. The ginkgo tree is also known as the ginkgo tree, and in ancient times it was also called the duck-foot tree Or Gongsun tree. As far back as more than 270 million years ago, the ancestors of ginkgo began to appear. Compared with the ferns that were all over the world at that time, it was still a higher plant. By more than 170 million years ago, ginkgo had spread all over the world like the dinosaurs that dominated the world at that time. Later, most of the ginkgo became extinct like the dinosaurs, and only a little bit survived in some areas of our country. It has been spread to the present and has become A rare treasure. Ginkgo trees are divided into male and female. Male ginkgo trees only bear male flowers, and female ginkgo trees bear only female flowers. After fertilization, they will produce round fruits, generally called ginkgo. Ginkgo is the only surviving species of the gymnosperm Ginkgo class. Nowadays, wild ginkgo can still be seen in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang. Therefore, Ginkgo is known as the "living fossil" and the "Panda" among plants. Ginkgo tree is one of the most precious tree species in the world, and together with cedar, araucaria, and golden pine, it is known as the four largest garden trees in the world. The ginkgo tree not only has high ornamental value for its tall and handsome appearance, exquisite and unique leaves, but also has strong adaptability, great medicinal effects, and considerable economic value. 2. Metasequoia Metasequoia is a deciduous and coniferous large tree. It is unique because of its beautiful tree shape, luxuriant branches and leaves, and changeable leaf colors. It is listed as one of the rare and precious ancient plants and is a first-level protected plant in my country. Metasequoia, a precious relict plant that has experienced the catastrophe of Quaternary glaciers, grows rapidly, reaching a height of more than 10 meters in about 10 years, and usually becomes useful in 20 years. The material is light and soft, with straight texture and fine structure. It is a good material for shipbuilding, construction, bridges, agricultural tools and furniture, and a good raw material for the paper industry. Metasequoia is not only a precious "living fossil", but also has strong vitality, wide adaptability, rapid growth, and is an excellent greening tree species. Not only has it been widely cultivated throughout our country, many countries around the world have also rushed to introduce and cultivate it. This precious tree thrives all over the world. 3. Davidia involucrata Scientific name Davidia involucrata English name Dovetree Alias: water pear, pigeon tree Family name Davidia involucrata Morphological characteristics Deciduous tree. The leaves are alternate, papery, broadly ovate, with sharply serrated edges. The flowers are heterogeneous, consisting of a terminal flower head composed of many male flowers and one bisexual flower. The flowering period is from April to May. The flower shape is like a dove spreading its wings, the large white bracts are like dove's wings, the dark red flower head is like a dove's head, and the green and yellow stigmas are like a dove's beak. When in full bloom, it looks like a tree full of pigeons perching on it. It is known as the world's best flower. It is known as the "Chinese Pigeon Tree". The drupe is fleshy, oval or rectangular-ovate, with purple surface and small yellowish-brown spots. The fruiting period is from September to October. Key points for propagation: Propagation by sowing, cuttings and layering can be used. Sow and harvest fresh fruits in October. After stratification, wash the seeds with clean water, mix with plant ash or lime, and then sow them in a trench 3cm~5cm deep. During the seedling stage, it is necessary to build a shed for shade and keep the seedbed moist. Cuttings should be made from young branches and taken from May to July. High pressure can be applied in spring at the base of strong annual branches. Transplanting seedlings should be done after leaves fall or before buds sprout in the following spring. When starting seedlings, do not damage the root bark and top buds. Long lateral roots and branches can be properly pruned. When planting, the hole must be large and flat, the seedlings should be fully rooted, and sufficient root water must be poured into them. Application value: Davidia involucrata is a world-famous precious ornamental tree. It is often planted by pools, streams, and near sanatoriums, hotels, and exhibition halls. It also has a symbolic meaning of peace. The material is heavy and is the best material for construction. It can be used for making furniture and carving materials. 4. Fragrant fruit tree Scientific name: Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. English name: Henry Emmenopterys Family name: Rubiaceae Deciduous tree. The leaves are opposite, stalked; the leaves are broadly elliptical or broadly ovate-elliptic, with entire margin; the stipules are triangular-ovate, falling early. The cymes are arranged in a panicle shape; the flowers are large, light yellow, and stalked; the calyx is small, 5-lobed, and the lobes are triangular-ovate, abscissive. In an inflorescence, one of the calyx lobes of some flowers is enlarged. Leaf-like, white and conspicuous, persisting after fruiting; corolla is funnel-shaped, with downy hairs, 5 lobes at the top, lobes arranged imbricate; 5 stamens, alternate with corolla lobes; 2-chamber, style linear, stigma entire Or 2-lobed, with many ovules. The capsule is oblong, slightly pointed at both ends, and splits into 2 valves when mature; the seeds are numerous and small, surrounded by irregular membranous mesh-like wings. There is only one species, distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and southwestern provinces. 3. Animal "living fossils" Animals known as "living fossils" in China include: the national treasure giant panda, the "living fossil" Chinese sturgeon in water, etc. 1. Giant pandas. To date, giant pandas are almost endangered in more than 200 countries and regions around the world. , they can only be found in the deep mountains and old forests in some areas of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu in my country. At present, the total number of giant pandas in the world is only less than 1,000, and the number is constantly decreasing. Zoologically, giant pandas belong to the order Carnivora. Pandas are classified as mammalian carnivores, but their food habits are highly specialized and they are vegetarians who live on bamboo. Giant pandas mainly eat bamboo and also like to drink water. Most giant pandas' homes are located near streams and flowing water, so they can drink from clear springs nearby. Giant pandas are docile and generally do not attack people or other animals. Giant pandas have extremely underdeveloped vision.
Giant pandas are one of the most precious animals in the world. They are mainly distributed in some high mountainous areas in my country's Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. Their numbers are very rare. They are nationally protected animals and are called "national treasures". Not only was it selected as the logo of the World Wildlife Association, but it also often served as the "Ambassador of Peace", carrying the friendship of the Chinese people across the ocean and making friends abroad, and was well received by people from all countries. The giant panda has a fat and soft body, a round head, a thick neck, small ears and short tail, and thick limbs. It is about 1.5 meters long, about 60-70 centimeters high at the shoulders, and weighs 100-180 kilograms. Especially the pair of figure-eight dark circles under the eyes, which look like wearing a pair of sunglasses, very endearing. The ancestors of giant pandas were carnivores, but now they prefer to be vegetarian, mainly eating arrow bamboo. An adult giant panda eats about 20 kilograms of fresh bamboo every day. Occasionally, it will go on a "meat hunt", catching bamboo rats in the arrow bamboo forest for a delicious meal, and even arrogantly breaks into residents' houses and steals food. Giant pandas are solitary and like to live alone. They live day and night and have no fixed place of residence. They often move with the seasons. In spring, they usually stay in alpine bamboo forests at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters. In summer, they move to shady slopes with fresh bamboo branches. In autumn, they move to warm sunny slopes at about 2,500 meters to prepare for the long winter. April and May every year are the breeding season for giant pandas, and it is rare for male and female giant pandas to live together. But as soon as May passed, they all went their separate ways again. When a female giant panda is pregnant for about 4-5 months, she rushes to find tree holes or stone caves as "delivery rooms". She gives birth to 1-2 cubs per litter. The weight of a newborn cub is only about 150 grams, which is equivalent to 1‰ of the mother's weight. However, the weight can reach 2 kilograms in one month and can grow to 5 or 6 kilograms in 3 months. The mother panda often holds the little panda in her arms and strokes it gently. When she goes out, she also holds the little panda in her mouth or carries it on her back, making her affectionate and inseparable. When the red panda is five or six months old, her mother begins to teach it how to climb trees, swim, bathe, and peel and eat bamboo. Two years later, the red panda left its mother and began an independent life. The life span of giant pandas is generally 20-30 years. The giant panda family is very old. About a million years ago, they were spread all over my country's Shaanxi, Shanxi, Beijing and other regions, and they are also found in Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces. Nowadays, only a small number of them remain, becoming scientists to study biological evolution. The precious "living fossil". So far, there are no giant pandas that are almost extinct in more than 200 countries and regions around the world. They can only be found in the deep mountains and old forests of parts of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu in my country. At present, the total number of giant pandas in the world is only less than 1,000, and the number is constantly decreasing. According to scientific statistics, 78% of female giant pandas are infertile, and 90% of male giant pandas are infertile, which brings many difficulties to giant panda reproduction. Zoologically, giant pandas belong to the order Carnivora. According to research, the ancient names of giant pandas include tapir, white leopard, Yu, etc. From the early period of the Reborn Era more than 2 million years ago to the middle and late period of the Regeneration Era 1 million years ago, giant pandas have been widely distributed in the southern half of my country, forming the giant panda-stegodon fauna; today this fauna Many species in the world have become extinct, but giant pandas have always survived, so giant pandas are known as "living fossils". Evolution The ancestor of the giant panda is Ailuaractos lufengensis, the earliest panda that evolved from Ursus to eat mainly carnivores. The main branch of the primitive panda continued to develop in central and southern China. One of them appeared during the Pleistocene about 3 million years ago. It was smaller than the current panda. It is inferred from the teeth that it had evolved into a food-eater. Bamboo omnivores have since expanded to the subtropics and are widely distributed. Fossils have been found in North China, Northwest China, Central China, Southwest China, South China, and even Vietnam and northern Myanmar. During this process, giant pandas adapted to life in subtropical bamboo forests, gradually increased in size, and relied on bamboo for their livelihood. The middle and late Pleistocene, 500,000 to 700,000 years ago, was the heyday of the giant panda. Today's giant pandas have well-developed molars, and their claws have a "thumb" in addition to five toes. This "thumb" is actually formed by a specialized carpal bone, whose scientific name is the "radial cage bone", and its main function is to hold the bamboo. American biologist Stephen Jay Gould - wrote an essay on this, and later used "Panda's Thumb" as the title of a collection of essays. Reproduction Giant pandas have declined from prosperity to extinction over millions of years. The reason is that in addition to the deterioration of the external environment, there are also problems with one's own fertility and reproduction. According to long-term studies on the anatomy, histology, physiology and endocrinology of giant pandas conducted by relevant experts, the reproductive function of giant pandas is abnormally low. Due to genetic and environmental reasons, the reproductive systems of many giant pandas are severely underdeveloped, and their reproductive endocrine functions are disordered in adulthood. They are unable to ovulate or cannot ovulate normally, and may even be infertile for life. Giant pandas like to live alone and are not willing to have contact with the opposite sex until they are in estrus. Female giant pandas only go into estrus once a year, and they are extremely selective in mates. They will not throw "hydrangeas" until they see "Prince Charming". In the wild, male animals often have to compete in brutal fights, and the final winner can win the favor of the female animal. If there is a lack of good enough males in a small population, it will obviously greatly reduce the chance of normal mating between males and females, and reduce the pregnancy rate after mating. Most giant pandas give birth to single litters, and even if they give birth to twins, they can often only raise one of them.
Giant panda cubs are very fragile and can easily die due to lack of nutrition, disease, harsh climate or encounter with natural enemies. Female giant pandas seldom eat during pregnancy and lactation, and they work extremely hard to raise their cubs alone. Their physical strength is extremely exhausted, which has a great impact on their health and lifespan. After the lactation period is over, the mother animal continues to raise her children and teach them various skills in feeding and survival. In this case, the female animal will instinctively "restrain" herself, stop going into heat, and suspend childbirth until her children grow up to be "people" and fly away. The wild habitat of giant pandas is severely isolated into small areas, but they must occupy a large area of ??territory to ensure their survival. Therefore, the number of giant pandas that can be accommodated in a small habitat is very limited. If a population is too small, it will inevitably lead to inbreeding, reduce genetic diversity, and cause an overall degradation of genetic performance, fertility, and survivability. Captive breeding of giant pandas can reduce the harm of natural enemies and diseases in the wild, ensure nutritional supply, and eliminate the invasion of harsh weather. In addition, the reproductive ability of giant pandas can be greatly improved: through reasonable pairing, inbreeding can be intentionally avoided and breeding and genetic functions can be improved; through artificial insemination, breeding opportunities can be increased and the breeding pregnancy rate can be increased; through careful care of the mother's cubs And adequate nutritional supply can improve the survival rate of cubs, especially twins, and promote their normal development. It is also beneficial to the health of the mother animal, allowing it to quickly recover its strength and prepare for the next childbirth. Years of practice have proven that artificial breeding and ex-situ conservation of giant pandas are one of the important strategies to save giant pandas. Diet Giant pandas eat bamboo as their staple food, and they seem to be classified as "herbivores" based on their feeding habits. However, classified by their digestive tract anatomy, physiological characteristics and species evolution, they are out-and-out carnivores. In scientific classification, giant pandas belong to the class Mammalia and the order Carnivora. You see, such cute giant pandas actually belong to the same big family as tigers, leopards, jackals and other beasts. The ancestors of the giant panda are truly carnivores: they have sharp and developed canine teeth, a short intestine and the digestive physiological characteristics of carnivores. The giant panda still retains these characteristics of its ancestors during the evolution process. Just because the living environment has changed a lot, their feeding habits and habits must adapt to the environment in order to survive. Gradually, they retreated to the deep mountain bamboo forests, adapted to the low-nutrient, low-digestibility bamboos, and lived a life of hermits without competing with the world. As a result, modern giant pandas have become "carnivores" that eat grass. In fact, in the evolutionary history of the carnivore family, "many people" changed their feeding habits as the environment changed. Haven't bears, which are very closely related to giant pandas, also become "omnivores" that do not care about meat or vegetables? It has influenced the Western world for more than a hundred years, starting from the French priest David's discovery of giant pandas in China in 1869, to Mrs. Harkness bringing the giant panda "Su Lin" to the Chicago Zoo in the United States for display in the 1930s. And when U.S. President Richard Nixon visited China in 1972, China sent giant pandas as a national gift. The worldwide craze for pandas became more and more intense. Giant pandas became famous all over the world and won the love of people all over the world. A Soviet animal. Scientists praised: "The giant panda is a unique and genuine treasure in the wild animal world, a very beautiful, unique and amazing animal." The giant panda, a rare and precious animal, has survived to this day after a long historical development. , reflecting its tenacious life. However, due to the adverse effects of historical development factors, it is currently in an endangered state. Among various unfavorable factors, the intrinsic reason is due to the high specialization of feeding habits, reproductive ability and child-rearing behavior. The external reason is that the habitat environment has been destroyed, forming an isolated island shape that is not connected to each other, leading to population fragmentation, inbreeding, and species degradation. In addition, the periodic flowering and death of bamboo, the staple food, is caused by human hunting, natural enemies, and diseases. This constitutes a serious threat to the survival of giant pandas, making them endangered. Giant Panda Protection The Chinese government has long been aware of the serious situation of giant pandas, so it has taken a series of measures to protect giant pandas. 1. To protect giant pandas through legislation, a lot of work has been done in legislation, and a variety of laws and regulations have been formulated to protect giant pandas and other wild animals. Article 9 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "The state protects precious animals and plants." The "Wildlife Protection Law" lists giant pandas as a first-class protected animal, and has made provisions for the protection of wild animals. Detailed regulations. The "Forest Law" and the "Environmental Protection Law" also clearly stipulate that in order to effectively crack down on and punish illegal activities of hunting and smuggling giant pandas, the Supplementary Bill to the Criminal Law passed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 1987 further emphasized that smuggling, Illegal acts of killing giant pandas are severely punished, "will be sentenced to more than 10 years in prison, and may be fined and confiscated of property. In serious cases, they may be sentenced to life imprisonment and death and all property will be confiscated." The formulation of these laws and regulations provides a legal basis for the protection of rare animals such as giant pandas and plays an important role in the protection of giant pandas. 2. Establish giant panda "nature reserves" for protection. Since 1963, the Chinese government has established 14 giant panda "nature reserves" in 6 major mountain systems, including Qinling, Minshan, Daxiangling, and Xiaoxiangling. With a total area of ??6,000 square kilometers, it effectively protects areas and habitats where giant pandas are densely populated. In the protected area, we insist on year-round patrols and inspections, rescue sick and starving giant pandas, and stop and punish criminal activities that endanger giant pandas.
At the same time, we will control mountains and rivers, restore vegetation, prevent and control various natural disasters, reduce the interference of human activities on the wild habitat of giant pandas, and provide a good ecological environment for the survival and reproduction of giant pandas. Future Prospects Judging from the fossils that have been discovered, in the long historical development process, the development of the giant panda has gone through the initial stage, the growth stage, the heyday, and now it has begun to enter the decline stage. The current situation of surviving in extremely small numbers has aroused people's deep worries and concerns, and its future fate also affects the heartstrings of hundreds of millions of people. Faced with this severe situation, the Chinese government and people, as well as relevant international organizations, scientific groups and scientists are actively investing in the protection and scientific research of giant pandas to explore scientific and effective methods and open up new situations. , so that giant pandas can escape from endangered status, reproduce sustainably, and coexist with humans. After years of hard work, the protection of giant pandas has achieved gratifying achievements. The declining trend of the giant panda population has been basically controlled, and the population in some reserves has increased slightly. Research results on giant panda population ecology show that a giant panda population reproduction rate greater than 1 means that the population will continue to develop slowly. This research result has inspired scientists to make greater efforts to promote this benign process from all aspects. The implementation of giant panda and habitat protection projects can play a major role in the continuation of the wild population of giant pandas. The giant panda off-site conservation project has also made great and encouraging progress. The survival rate of breeding giant pandas has been significantly improved, from the previous average survival rate of 31.8% to the average survival rate of 67.74% after 1998. This is It proves that the existing artificially raised giant panda population can be maintained and developed. The implementation of the giant panda off-site conservation project can also effectively promote the growth of the artificial breeding population. From an overall perspective, China's in-situ and off-site conservation efforts for giant pandas are progressing in a down-to-earth manner. As a systematic project to protect giant pandas, they are gradually becoming comprehensive, scientific, and continuous. People's awareness of protecting giant pandas and the ecological environment is also deepening and spreading. All this strengthens our confidence and determination to protect giant pandas and promotes the development of giant panda protection. Under artificial breeding conditions, the reproductive capacity of giant pandas is very low. Among the 260 pandas that have been raised so far, the sex ratio is roughly 1:1. In 57 years, about 130 were female pandas, but only about 30% of the female pandas were capable of breeding. There are even fewer male pandas with the ability to mate, only about 19, accounting for 14% of the total number of males in breeding. There is only one offspring with the ability to mate, and it is Liangliang of Beijing Zoo. Why is the innate instinct of giant pandas to have children not fully developed in captivity? Many experts believe that there are several reasons: (1) In captivity, because they live alone or in small numbers, they cannot participate in social interactions during the pre-estrus and sexual maturity stages, and the inherited innate sexual behavior cannot be acquired. Positive induction, stimulation and learning, but difficult to achieve or even terminate development. (2) Through comparative analysis of trace elements in the food eaten by pandas in the wild and in captivity, it is believed that pandas in captivity are due to the insufficient supply of fresh bamboo and the lack of optimal nutrients for different strains, parts, growth periods and seasons of bamboo under natural conditions. Optimal selection can easily lead to shortages of Zn, Fe, Mg and other trace elements related to growth, development and reproduction. (3) Obesity is caused by excessive sugar intake and insufficient exercise. Because giant pandas have shorter penises, obesity makes it difficult for the penis to enter the female genitals, making it difficult to complete mating. (4) Protein intake is too low. Since sex hormones are body compounds synthesized from protein, once protein is lacking, the level of sex hormones will be low and the giant panda will not be in estrus. The first breeding record in captivity was in September 1963, when the female "Lily" and the male "Sensen" mated naturally at the Beijing Zoo and gave birth to a male cub, "Mingming", who lived to be 26 years old in the zoo. Between 1963 and 1977, breeding was mainly carried out through natural mating between captive pandas. In 1978, Beijing Zoo successfully conducted artificial insemination and gave birth to cubs. In 1980, Chengdu Zoo used frozen semen for artificial insemination, which was successful. Later, it also used a combination of natural mating and artificial insemination to improve the success rate of artificial breeding. From 1963 to 1993, 13 zoos and sanctuaries at home and abroad have produced 100 litters, giving birth to 148 litters, and so far 42 are alive. In captivity, surviving female giant pandas have the ability to reproduce. For example, the female animal "Dai Dai" at the Beijing Zoo was born on September 16, 1974. Her mother is "Jiaojiao" and her father is "Sensen". "Dai Dai" married the male beast "Bao Bao" and gave birth to the female beast "Wen Wen" on August 30, 1982, and Wen Wen gave birth to another cub on October 1, 1987. Among the male pandas that have survived in captivity, only Liangliang has the ability to mate. However, if the animal is incapable of mating, its semen can still be used to make the female pregnant through artificial insemination. For example, the female beast "Jiaojiao" and the male beast "Dudu" at the Beijing Zoo mated and gave birth to a male cub named "Zhizhi". The semen of "Zhizhi" was mixed with "Dandan" ("Juanjuan" and "Baobao"). Daughter) was artificially inseminated and gave birth to the female animal "Lele", who is still alive today, indicating that the development of reproductive organs in artificially bred females or males is normal.
Giant pandas bred in captivity do not live long. Of the 37 pandas that have lived for more than half a year, 12 have died so far. The average lifespan is only 6.6 years. According to surveys, only those in the wild who survive more than half a year old can survive the harsh winter. Their average life span is 13.3 years, which has doubled. Relevant scholars analyzed the reasons for this: (1) Free love in outdoor marriages, husbands compete, and the strongest one participates in the wedding, which can be said to be a good breed. Under breeding conditions, through mating with Lalang, or even artificial insemination without the panda's "agree to the mating", the quality of the mating will vary. (2) The food during pregnancy in the wild is first a large amount of bamboo shoots, and then nutrient-rich bamboo leaves. Nutrition in captivity is not simulated in this way. (3) The wild delivery room is in a dark, quiet alpine tree cave, with a quiet and good microclimate environment. Sitting and blocking the hole with your back, the insulation is good to ensure that the cub is not crushed to death. After half a year old, the mother eats a lot of bamboo shoots and milk. However, it is difficult to achieve sufficient milk under breeding conditions, and most female animals only have one cub. If multiple cubs are abandoned, the cubs can easily be crushed to death. (4) In the wild, female animals take care of their cubs for a long time. The cubs do not leave their mother until they are one and a half years old. Before that, the mother feeds them while teaching them to eat bamboo. Under breeding conditions, in order to make the mother animal come into oestrus as early as possible, the cubs are often forcibly weaned and removed earlier. (5) Due to the strong ultraviolet rays and cold climate in the mountains, various pathogenic bacteria reproduce very slowly. In particular, giant pandas are well trained in the wild and have strong resistance. Under breeding conditions, giant pandas live in a warm environment with many bacteria, less activity, less exercise, and poor disease resistance. Therefore it is easy to get sick. Artificial insemination is easy to obtain twins. From 1963 to 1993, 13 successful breeding sites at home and abroad were conducted in Beijing, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Wolong, Chongqing, Mexico, and Japan, with a total of 100 births and 148 litters. 42 survived, of which 46 were twins, accounting for 46% of the total number of births, 53 were single births, accounting for 53% of the total, and one litter produced three cubs and one litter, accounting for 1%. Among the 46 twins, 22 were born with artificial insemination or artificial insemination combined with natural mating, accounting for 48% of the total number of twins, while only 52% of twins were born with natural mating. There are two reasons for this phenomenon: First, because the female body is During the estrus period, more than two eggs can be excreted. The two cubs in each litter are developed by fertilization of two different eggs. The cubs in one litter are developed by fertilization of 3 eggs. This is because giant pandas have fraternal eggs. The conditions for twins are that artificial insemination lasts longer than natural mating, is more frequent, and has shorter intervals. The sperm is injected deeper into the female's reproductive tract, so it is easier to produce multiple offspring. The pregnancy rate of artificial insemination is lower than that of natural mating. This is because giant pandas can instinctively choose or accept the best mating period during natural mating. Therefore, in the wild, they can generally get pregnant even though they only mate once or several times a day. Artificial insemination is mainly based on Its behavioral, physiological and biochemical indicators determine the best breeding period. Due to technical limitations and judgment errors, it is difficult to accurately judge the best breeding period, so the probability of pregnancy after artificial insemination is high.
Comments (3) | Agree 4 2012-12-22 10:13 Gu Nianあ|Level 4
Ginkgo biloba, silver fir, Davidia involucrata, fragrant fruit tree giant panda, "living fossil" Chinese sturgeon in water, Xinjiang northern salamander Comment|Agree 0 Improve my answer
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