Injustice Collection is the representative work of ex-vivo autopsy experience of Song Ci. At the beginning of the book, the author puts forward that the confession cannot be trusted, and thinks that "the complaint must be unreliable, must be carefully examined, and must be true", especially for difficult cases, "it is necessary to visit many parties to unify the participants, and one or two people must not believe it." He also put forward the principle that inspectors must go to the scene in person and the body must fill it out by itself.
The Collection of Injustice was written as early as 1247, but it contains many scientific achievements. The main points are as follows: (1) Have a clear understanding of some major postmortem phenomena. "Injustice Collection" said: "Every dead person's neck, back, ribs, waist, legs, arms, legs and stomach have a reddish color. The test was that I had been lying on my back after my death, and the blood dripped down to cause this reddish color, but it was not chic. He died. " The so-called "blood drop" here is the "corpse spot" in modern forensic medicine. The book also clearly puts forward the method to distinguish between the animal's injury to the corpse and the injury before death: "A mortal is injured by insects and rats after death, that is, the skin is broken without blood, and there are insect and rat bite marks around the wound, and there are uneven skin and flesh." When the dog bites, the trace becomes thick. "(2) Put forward four kinds of mechanical asphyxia: hanging, strangulation, drowning and suffocation. The discussion on the signs of hanging in Yi Yuan Ji points out that the wound of hanging is "divided into eight characters at the back of the head, and the ropes do not cross". "Hanging the head with thin and tight hemp ropes and straw ropes at high places will have deep marks, while if the whole piece of silk, white training, neck handkerchief and other things are used at low places, the marks will be shallow". It is also pointed out: "If the throat is pulled, the mouth is closed, the teeth are tight, and the tongue cannot reach the teeth; "When the throat is pulled down, the mouth will open, and the tip of the tongue will come out of the tooth door for two or three points." There are saliva bubbles on the mouth, cheeks and chest. "As for strangulation, it is pointed out in the book that the difference between strangulation and hanging is that the rope under the neck is crossed, the rope is wound for several weeks, usually tied around the neck, and there are endless knots. As for the signs of drowning, the book emphasizes: "abdominal distension, flapping", "mud in the joints of hands, feet and claws" and "foam in the mouth and nose" and so on. (3) Discussion on mechanical damage. In this book, according to the provisions of the code of Tang and Song Dynasties, mechanical operation is clearly divided into two categories: "other objects hurt hands and feet" and "blade injury". Other things are what we call blunt objects today. The hand and foot injuries mentioned in the book mostly refer to subcutaneous bleeding. The book discusses in detail the relationship between the shape and size of subcutaneous hemorrhage and the characteristics of the murder weapon, as well as the relationship between the murderer and the victim according to the location of the injury. For the characteristics of the blade injury, the book describes it as: "sharp blade axe mark, wide on the top and long on the bottom, narrow on the inside;" "Big knife marks, shallow will be narrow, deep will be wide; At the knife wound, the traces at both ends are small. " "Stab marks, shallow is narrow, deep will be penetrated? (gun shaft), its symbol is round. Or just use bamboo spear heads and bamboo poles to do harm, and the sores are irregular. " For the identification of the blade injury before and after death, the book also makes a very detailed discussion: "If the blade injury before death, its scar is wide and flowery; If you cut the flesh marks together, it's just a fake knife wound after death. If there is a knife wound and blood juice before death, the blood of the injured wound is colorful; ..... If the place is cut with a blade after death, the flesh color is dry and white, and there is no blood. The living are killed by the blade, the flesh is tightened by the blade, and there are blood shadows on all sides. If the victim is dismembered, his bones and muscles will become sticky, his skin will shrink and his bones will be exposed at the edge. The dead body is cut off, the flesh remains the same, the blood has no shadow, the cut part of the skin is not tight, the edge has no blood flow, and its color is white; There is blood under the longitudinal mark, which is washed and squeezed, but there is no clear blood mark in the meat, that is, it was not cut before death. More beheaded, when alive, muscle atrophy; Truncated after death, the item is long and disproportionate. " In addition, the book also describes the symptoms of high temperature death such as heatstroke, frostbite, soup splashing and burns, and systematically summarizes the matters needing attention in on-site corpse inspection. However, due to the limitation of spare parts in the times, the understanding of some things in Memories of Time Past has certain limitations. Although some signs of death and injury have been identified, the reasons cannot be correctly explained. For example, the causes of sudden death such as concussion and cerebral hemorrhage, and the death caused by visceral rupture caused by the integrity of the body surface caused by blunt objects have not been recognized. I didn't realize the important role of blood, sperm, hair and poison tests in autopsy.
Injustice Collection is a classic of ancient forensic medicine in China, which systematically summarizes the experience of corpse examination. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, it has become the blueprint of official corpse inspection in past dynasties, and it was once regarded as the criterion of criminal inspection in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It played an important role in China's ancient judicial practice. This book has been translated into many foreign languages, which has attracted great attention from all countries in the world and occupies a very important position in the history of forensic medicine in the world.