Analysis:
First, the analysis of the reasons for the bad growth of talents
(a) the specific historical conditions and social and political system.
Times can create heroes, but also stifle and hinder the progress and emergence of some talents, resulting in adversity in the growth of talents. The insufficient demand for military talents in the peaceful and prosperous times is not conducive to the display of people's military talents, and it is a social "adversity" for the growth of military talents; In the era of social revolution, armed struggle or world disintegration, people with military talents came into being to show their ambitions. However, in this era, talents with scientific and technological talent and literary expertise are often faced with the unfavorable situation that there is no way to serve the country by studying. It can be seen that the "status quo" also has a negative side to the growth of specific talents.
Judging from the five social forms experienced by human beings, feudal system and theocracy are the most unfavorable to the growth of talents, and they are also the most destructive to talents. In medieval Europe, the military personnel system was centered on feudal family status, and the status of officers was the hereditary privilege of a few nobles, which blocked the channels for a large number of civilians and their children to become officers and display and give play to their military talents. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial examination system in China was actually a trap that restricted people from giving full play to their talents. Because of life, the broad masses of workers lost the opportunity to study, and it was impossible for them to take part in the imperial examination and leave their jobs. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, eight-part essay was used to select scholars, and candidates could only draw a gourd ladle to speak for the ancients, but could not have independent thoughts. The imperial examination system has become a shackle that binds people to become talents. I want to know how many talents are buried in this institutional adversity.
(2) Backward ideas and old habits.
Some old ideas and habits in the history of our country have caused all kinds of adversity, which still fetters the growth and progress of talents. The first is about the habitual adversity of seniority. Whether a highly respected and talented person can enter his position depends on his qualifications. "Fools and sages are all qualified", and promotion must be "ranked according to qualifications, one term after another". The junior should obey the arrangement, endure hardships for many years, and even be buried in the soil for a long time. The second is the interpersonal adversity of jealous talents. In an environment full of jealousy, it is difficult for talents to stand out. Even if you have achievements, you will not feel a sense of accomplishment, but you will feel "heart-warming". Some people don't allow talents to stand out, and even some leaders lack due tolerance. They would rather let talented people be abandoned in vain than let them "show their faces", resulting in potential talents being "stuck by dragons and lying with tigers" Third, close and conservative social, cultural and psychological adversity. China's traditional culture regards conservative and introverted psychological character as the virtue of self-esteem. Philosophy of life such as "It is better to hide than to be smart" and "Don't teach others to swim" are out of the need of so-called "self-esteem". For example, young talents have suggestions and ideas about their work, academic research and opinions, and even have doubts about some authoritative conclusions, but they don't show traces, because once they make jokes, they will be humiliated, despised and lose their "self-esteem." As a result, how many insights have been erased and how many creations can be stillborn? Inappropriate emphasis on self-esteem is tantamount to creating mental shackles and psychological adversity for yourself.
(3) The development of talents is unbalanced.
In the long-distance race, people who rush ahead often bear greater wind resistance or headwind. In the same way, the development and progress of talents, once someone becomes famous or even a public figure, the society and people around him pay more attention to it, expect more from it and demand more harshly, which invisibly forms a kind of pressure, which can also be called a kind of "prosperity".
Another is the adversity caused by Matthew effect: because of the different progress of talent growth, outstanding talents who are ahead are easily recognized by organizations and society and won honors and rewards; Those unknown potential talents are difficult to be recognized, and are often trapped in the "Matthew effect" and adversity. "Matthew effect" often promotes the development of outstanding talents at the expense of the development of potential talents, thus depriving the development opportunities and possibilities of potential talents. Through this "deprivation" mechanism, "Matthew effect" plays an artificial obstacle to the growth of potential talents, not only suppressing talents, but also burying talents.
(D) the personality characteristics of talents make it so.
The British philosopher John Mill said in On Freedom: "A talented person has more personality than anyone else. Only in this way can he not adapt to the few molds prepared by society, so as to save his members the trouble of forming personal personality without feeling hurt." This distinctive personality of talents is often intolerable by old traditional concepts, decadent social systems and backward habits. The more outstanding talents, the more they have to bear the resistance from all aspects of society. Therefore, talents with distinctive personalities often face the severe test of social adversity, especially those thinkers and politicians who are determined to destroy the old world and build a new world. They want to resist the decadent social system, and their personality is inevitably unacceptable to the society at that time. And if the ideological giants and political giants in history are so content and obedient, then the social system environment they live in will not constitute adversity for them, but in that case, they will not be historical giants. At the same time, those talents with distinctive personalities and sharp edges sometimes inevitably hurt some people who come into contact with them intentionally or unintentionally, making enemies and holding grudges easily. In addition, their talents are outstanding and they are often hated. If there is some stubbornness and stubbornness, it is difficult to coordinate with the surrounding environment. The unique personality of talents often plays a certain role in the formation of their own adversity.
(5) Due to objective conditions and talent status.
Adversity is often determined by social objective conditions, talents' own conditions and talents' position in growth. The poor family background and poor living conditions are caused by the social status of parents and cannot be changed; Natural and man-made disasters are sudden, helpless and irresistible; Serious illness, accidental disability, congenital deficiency and physical defects are the misfortunes of life, and no one can do anything about it; People speak out of turn, have no talent, and can only wait for opportunities silently; I'm new here, the environment is unfavorable, and people are unfamiliar. I can't start working yet, so I have to start from scratch. Adversity caused by various risks, disasters, poverty, poverty and adversity will never be transferred by human will. Sometimes people really can't choose their own position and situation. This is the embodiment of people's passivity in the objective world.
Second, a comprehensive understanding and dialectical analysis of the role of adversity in talent growth
Under certain conditions, adversity does have an important incentive effect on the growth of some talents, but not everyone can be successful in adversity, nor can we deny the positive effect of prosperity on the growth of talents by the phenomenon of success in adversity. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive and objective understanding and dialectical analysis of the role of adversity in talent growth.
(a) Adversity is full of thorns, but it also contains opportunities for success.
Adversity does have many disadvantages to the growth of talents, but as bacon said, "miracles often appear in bad luck." Adversity often contains a great opportunity to create miracles and succeed.
The ancients said that it never rains but it pours. A wise man with keen vision and innovative consciousness can always break away from convention, see opportunities in crisis and find countermeasures to turn crisis into safety and turn defeat into victory. 179 1 In late autumn, the French army invaded the Netherlands, and the Netherlands dug a canal as a retreat. Just as he hesitated, Napoleon learned that spiders in trees spit out many webs. Based on his knowledge and experience, he judged that there would be a cold wave coming soon, so he gave the order to stop retreating and prepare for the attack. Soon, the wind was cold and the river froze overnight. The French army crossed the Val River and captured the Dutch fortress Utrecht in one fell swoop, avoiding a fall short. This is a successful example of Napoleon finding opportunities in adversity. It is especially dark before dawn, and it is especially difficult before success. In the process of talent growth, as long as we persist in the crisis and survive the most difficult period, it may be followed by the patronage of opportunities and the emergence of miracles.
(2) Adversity has suppressed talents, but it has also stimulated a strong driving force for the growth of talents.
Adversity creates difficulties for the growth of talents, forms pressure and depression, and frustrates the growth of talents. However, as "Caigen Tan" said: "In adversity, the whole body is full of needles to belittle the medicinal stone, and the stone festival does not know it; When you are prosperous, you sell spears and bones without knowing it. " If you are in prosperity for a long time, it is easy to appear arrogant, extravagant and lazy. However, in adversity, people are short of resources, depressed, eager for success, and have a strong motivation to succeed, so they can often achieve great success that is difficult to achieve in prosperity. That's the truth. There are too many children in rich families to be abrasive. People born in poverty are always in distress. Adversity makes people have no choice. Adversity gives people great pressure, and pressure can stimulate strong motivation. Of course, this dynamic role mainly depends on the positive attitude towards life adopted by the successful people.
(3) Adversity has honed talents and their excellent personality.
The injured part of a tree often becomes the hardest. The same is true of the growth of talents. After experiencing the pain and suffering of adversity, they can hone their excellent personalities. Young people who are determined to become talents, if they can go through a period of adversity and be in the "low valley" of life, will be able to cope with and bear whatever accidents and hardships they encounter in the future.
When you are young, suffering sharpens your temperament, which can restrain turbidity and promote great cause. Former South African President nelson mandela was arrested and imprisoned for opposing apartheid when he was young. The white ruler kept him on a desolate island for 27 years, and the three guards always made excuses to bully him. 199 1 year, Mandela was released from prison and elected President of South Africa. Three guards who guarded him in prison were also invited to attend his inauguration ceremony, and Mandela also paid a respectful tribute to them. Such a broad mind made all the politicians and distinguished guests at the meeting awe. Later, Mandela explained that he was impatient and grumpy when he was young. It was the tragic experience of the long prison years that gave him time to think. He learned to control his emotions and how to deal with his pain. Suffering made him awake, let him overcome the weakness of personality and achieved his final glory.
Fu Lei once said: "It is frivolous to be detached without being tempered by disasters." This sentence is very profound. An important value of adversity is to make people learn to control their own personality, publicize their own personality appropriately, instead of becoming slaves of personality, and eliminate bad tendencies in personality, so as to become useful talents who develop harmoniously and blend with society.
(d) Adversity is unfortunate, but it also makes talents sublimate and compensate.
The "compensation function" in physiology holds that if one organ of human body is diseased or incomplete, the functions of other organs will be strengthened accordingly to make up for the deficiency. For example, the ears of the blind are particularly sensitive, and the sense of touch of hands and feet is particularly excellent. He can even distinguish a person's face from an image by sound and touch.
The principle of compensation also applies to people in adversity. Stephen Hawking was paralyzed in his twenties and later could not even speak, but he founded the Big Bang theory. Shi Tiesheng suffered from severe kidney disease, but in the end he became a great writer. Yang Xiaokai suffered ten years' imprisonment, but he also became a famous economist at home and abroad. Beveridge said: "People's best work is often done in adversity. Mental stress, even physical pain, may become a spiritual stimulant. " People sum up this phenomenon as: success due to misfortune and mediocrity due to happiness.
Third, the realistic enlightenment of the successful phenomenon of adversity
(1) Cultivating young talents in adversity.
In the early stage of talent growth, juvenile success may not be a good thing. Fang Zhongyong, a prodigy in the Song Dynasty, was able to write poems at the age of five, which is a legend. But at the age of 12, he became "indifferent to everyone" because of the rich environment. Sometimes, a good environment is not conducive to the growth of talents. "Since ancient times, great talents have suffered a lot, and there have never been many great men." Zhang, the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty, was very clever from an early age. At the age of 65,438+03, he took the provincial examination, which shocked the examiner. However, Gu Yulin, then governor of Huguang, suggested that Zhang be the last one to appear. He explained: "Juzheng is young and studious. I think he is a talented person. If we develop him too early, it will easily make him complacent and ruin his ambition. If you let him fall behind, although it is three years late, it will make him more awake when he sees his own shortcomings and urge him to work hard. " The governor's vision is really convincing. Later, Zhang really became an outstanding politician in ZTE and Ming Dynasty. He persisted in innovating politics in a sinister environment and had a tenacious spirit of not giving up until he reached his goal, which was related to the adversity when he was young.
To cultivate young talents in adversity is not to deliberately create "adversity", but to let young people exercise in a difficult environment, which is actually to create more opportunities and conditions for young people to exercise and grow.
(B) to improve the adversity quotient of talents in adversity.
Also facing adversity, some people have crossed the past and made great achievements; Some people, even some highly intelligent people, are trapped and eliminated. The reason is that they lack the ability to cope with adversity and solve practical problems. In other words, their adversity quotient AQ is relatively low.
Adversity quotient AQ (adversity quotient) refers to the way people react when facing adversity, that is, the ability to turn adversity into advantage. If adversity is inevitable and the crisis is irreversible, then facing reality is the only correct choice. When people just fall into adversity, there will be a series of anger and panic in their hearts, which are normal emotional reactions. However, people with low AQ can easily fall into it, complain repeatedly and feel aggrieved, but forget to seek solutions. People with high AQ will calm down in a short time, assess the situation, rationally analyze and judge, and get out of adversity. This is the ability to cope with adversity. Adversity quotient is respected because it embodies a positive value orientation.
Adversity (AQ), like emotional intelligence (IQ), is not innate, and anyone can improve their AQ by learning. Dr Paul Stoz, the inventor of AQ, believes that the ability to cope with adversity can be divided into four related factors-control, attribution, extension and endurance. Control is the ability to recognize oneself and change the situation; Attribution refers to the ability to bear the consequences; Extension is to evaluate the severity of the problem and its impact on work and life; Patience is to realize that problems may exist for a long time and need to persist for a period of time. To cultivate adversity quotient, we should mainly improve our ability to cope with adversity in these aspects.
(C) pay attention to the success strategy in adversity
One is to turn adversity into adversity in waiting and patience. Be patient in adversity, be calm, and sit on the bench when you are wronged. At this time, there is no chance, so we need to observe calmly and hide our strength. If we misjudge the situation in adversity and rush for success, it may lead to even greater disasters and disasters. In the face of adversity, as long as you are calm and enterprising, it is possible to turn disadvantages into advantages and become great talents when the time is ripe.
The second is to overcome adversity with optimism. This mentality comes from the happiness generated by the obsession and pursuit of the cause, which can not be plundered and suppressed by any adversity. Because adversity already exists, there is no need to change the reality in a hurry, but we can transcend the reality in spirit and continue to seek the greatest happiness in our persistence in our cause. Only in this way can the day when adversity is eliminated be the time of success.
The third is to accumulate strength and stand by and break through. In the face of adversity, we should also pay attention to tenacious and flexible anti-burying strategies, and be prepared for long-term and arduous strength accumulation and breaking through obstacles. When the conditions are basically met, we should break through the shackles of adversity and make a difference. For example, when you have really achieved breakthrough and innovative achievements, but you are suppressed and blocked by adversity, you must have the courage to "break through" and stage a bold fight-or jump out of the circle to win the support of outside authorities, or strive for effective "organizational protection", or move away.
(d) Organizational intervention in man-made disasters
Adversity can make people grow, but not necessarily. Adversity itself can't give people any achievements. Under normal circumstances, it often destroys, strangles and destroys talents.
As far as the organization is concerned, it is absolutely impossible to put talents in adversity or get stuck in difficulties in the name of success in adversity. We should not take "success in adversity" as a dogma and engage in blind "worship of adversity". After all, success in adversity is depressing, which is not conducive to the healthy development of natural cognitive system and physical and mental temperament. Any organization and leader should carry out necessary administrative intervention and ideological education on all kinds of man-made adversity in talent growth, and eliminate the unfavorable factors that cause adversity. Through sound institutional arrangements, harmonious internal environment and appropriate material treatment, we will provide talents with more benign space for social role maturity and all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and let talents stay away from the torture and destruction of adversity. This is also the objective requirement of social harmony, democracy, progress and development.