The Yellow River, known as the river in ancient times, originates from the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province, flows through 9 provinces and regions of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong, and finally ends in Shandong Province. Kenli County flows into the Bohai Sea. The total length of the main river is 5,464 kilometers, making it the second longest river in China after the Yangtze River. The Yellow River is also the fifth longest river in the world.
The upper reaches of the Yellow River from the source to Hekou Town, Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is 3,472 kilometers long; the middle reaches from Hekou Town to Taohua Valley, Zhengzhou, Henan, is 1,206 kilometers long; the lower reaches below Taohua Valley are , the river is 786 kilometers long. (There are many opinions on the division of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The division plan of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission is used here.) The Yellow River traverses China from east to west. The basin is 1,900 kilometers long from east to west and 1,100 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of ??752,443 square kilometers.
The multi-year average flow of the Yellow River is 1774.5 cubic meters/second, the average multi-year natural runoff of the entire river is 58 billion cubic meters, the average annual runoff depth of the basin is 77 mm, the per capita water volume of the basin is 593 cubic meters, and the average water volume per mu of cultivated land is 324 cubic meters. rice.
The middle reaches of the Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau, and its tributaries bring in large amounts of sediment, making the Yellow River the river with the most sediment in the world. The maximum annual sand transport volume reached 3.91 billion tons (1933), and the maximum sand content was 920 kg/cubic meter (1977). The annual average sediment transport volume of Sanmenxia Station is about 1.6 billion tons, and the average sediment content is 35 kg/cubic meter.
Allusions to the Yellow River
The Yellow River is the second largest river in China and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. There are many anecdotes related to the Yellow River, all of which are related to the hydrogeographic characteristics of the Yellow River.
Those dynasties are related to the Yellow River: Xia and Shang
Heluo culture, Chinese national culture, Chinese culture, Han culture
Heluo culture is an important part of Chinese culture One of the sources refers to the regional culture produced in the Heluo area, which is the mainstream culture of the Chinese nation.
Heluo culture refers to the culture of the Heluo region in ancient China. The Heluo area refers to the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River from Tongguan to Zhengzhou, the areas around Luoshui, Yishui and Songshan, including Dengfeng and other places in the upper reaches of Yingshui River, roughly including the area between 34° and 35° north latitude and 110° and 114° east longitude. The area, in short, is the western area of ??today's Henan Province. The Heluo area is bounded by the Waifang Mountains and Funiu Mountains to the south, the Yellow River to the north, the Qinling Mountains and the Guanzhong Plain to the west, the Great Plains of Eastern Henan to the east, Youyan in the north, and Jianghuai in the south. In ancient times, it dominated the Central Plains and was known as "the world." "Zhong" ("Historical Records·Zhou Benji"), the so-called "China" (inscription by He Zun of the Western Zhou Dynasty), was the transportation center of the east, west, north, and south of ancient China, and its geographical location was very advantageous.
The emergence of writing is the most important sign that ancient human society has entered the civilized era.
Hetu Luoshu is the beginning of Chinese civilization. The Book of Changes says: "The river produces pictures, Luo produces books, and the sages follow them." The Analects of Confucius says: "If the phoenix does not come, the river does not produce pictures." "Bamboo Chronicles" says: The Yellow Emperor was in Heluo He repaired the altar with sheen jade and received the dragon's picture and the turtle's calligraphy.
Tai Chi diagram is a natural phenomenon of the intersection of rivers and Luo rivers. This is because Tai Chi diagram is very similar to the vortex formed by the intersection of the Yellow and Luo rivers. It was through this natural phenomenon that the human race Fuxi was inspired to create Tai Chi and Bagua.
The Heluo culture created by the ancestors of the Heluo area is the core and birthplace of the Yellow River civilization represented by the Central Plains culture. The Heluo culture is the cradle culture of Chinese civilization and a Chinese tradition that has existed for thousands of years. The main body of culture, therefore Heluo culture occupies a very important position in the history of ancient Chinese culture.
The Heluo area has a rich cultural heritage and numerous famous figures from past dynasties. This is the birthplace of the Hetu and Luoshu. People who study the Book of Changes want to find their roots and worship their ancestors. Who would not visit the confluence of the Heluo River and the Luo River? This is the birthplace of Shaolin Boxing, Tai Chi, Track Boxing, and Chang Family Boxing. Those who want to learn the true skills of martial arts, what else can they do here?
Relying on the advantages of resources, we opened the Heluo Forum to inherit civilization and pioneer and innovate!
Heluo culture is the core culture of the Chinese nation
What we usually call the Chinese national culture now is a multi-ethnic group with the Han nationality as the main body within the territory of China today. ***Culture created together. A large amount of archaeological discoveries and ancient literature records show that Chinese culture is the parent culture of Han culture and Chinese national culture.
Chinese culture mainly originated from the Xia and Shang culture of the early countries of ancient China and the more ancient Longshan Culture of Henan. Archaeological discoveries and research over the years have confirmed that the Longshan Culture of Henan is the direct source of the formation of Xia Wen
culture. . The Heluo area is an important distribution area of ??Longshan Culture in Henan. In this regard, the Heluo area can be said to be the birthplace of Xia culture and Chinese culture and the core area for their formation and development. It can also be said to be the core area for the formation and development of Later Han culture and Chinese culture. The birthplace of national culture.
A large number of oracle bones were unearthed at the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province at the beginning of the 20th century. A group of scholars represented by Wang Guowei worked hard to interpret the oracle bone inscriptions, using the "double" combination of unearthed cultural relics and ancient historical documents. "Evidence Method" proves that the Yin Ruins indeed belong to the capital of the late Shang Dynasty, and confirms the basic credibility of Sima Qian's "Historical Records: Yin Benji" about the history of the Shang generation.
In the 1950s, archaeologists in Henan Province discovered the Erligang site in Zhengzhou City, which belongs to the early Shang Dynasty. Field archaeological work over the past few decades has confirmed that the Erligang site is an early Shang Dynasty site. Large-scale city sites, including huge city walls, numerous palace building ruins, important handicraft workshop ruins, and some "heavy artifacts" - large bronze ritual vessels were unearthed. This shows that the site is not an ordinary large-scale city site, but should be one of the early capital sites of the Shang Dynasty. In the early 1980s, when the Archeology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was cooperating with the capital construction of Shouyangshan Power Plant, a well-preserved early Shang Dynasty city site was discovered in the Yanshi County and Tazhuang areas. Since then, archeology has discovered the palace ruins of this city and many palace building ruins in it, explored the city walls and scope of the "small city" and "big city", excavated the city gate ruins, warehouse ruins and some handicraft ruins, and cleaned up the contemporaneous of several tombs. Through in-depth, comprehensive and systematic archaeological research on these rich archaeological materials, it is proved that the Yanshi Shang City ruins and the Zhengzhou Shang City ruins are also the capital ruins of the early Shang Dynasty, and Yanshi Shang City is still the preserved palace city as we know it. It is the earliest ancient Chinese capital ruins from the Guocheng era. The archaeological discovery and research of Zhengzhou Shangcheng and Yanshi Shangcheng have solved the problem of the existence of the early Shang Dynasty archaeologically, thus enabling the late Shang Dynasty civilization in Anyang Yinxu to find its origin in the Heluo area.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, archaeologists found large architectural ruins in Erlitou Village, Yanshi, Henan, that were earlier than the Shang Dynasty ruins of Yin Ruins in Anyang and later than the Longshan Culture in Henan. Later, dozens of large-scale rammed earth building sites were discovered here, and archaeologists fully excavated the No. 1 and 2 large-scale building sites and other palace building sites. Research shows that this is the earliest known ancient Chinese palace building site. In addition, the remains of a wall surrounding this large rammed earth building complex were also discovered at the Erlitou site. Preliminary research confirmed that this is the remains of a palace city surrounding the palace complex. Relics such as copper-making handicraft workshops, tombs of nobles, important bronze ritual vessels, jades and other relics were also discovered within the Erlitou site. The series of archaeological discoveries mentioned above confirm that the Erlitou site, which is later than the Longshan Culture in Henan, is not only earlier than the Yinxu site in Anyang, but also earlier than the Zhengzhou Shangcheng site and the Yanshi Shangcheng site. Based on this, academic circles generally believe that the "Erlitou Culture" named after the Erlitou site is the "Xia Culture". The Erlitou site is not only an important and typical "Erlitou Culture" site, but also the site of the capital city of the Xia Dynasty, which is what historical documents call the "Xia Ruins". It is precisely because of the archaeological discovery and research of the Erlitou site in Yanshi that not only identified the capital site of the late Xia Dynasty, but also made the Heluo area's historical position more prominent in the origin, formation and early development of ancient Chinese civilization.
The Xia and Shang Kingdoms in the Heluo region were an early kingdom in ancient Chinese history. Within the scope of today's China at the same time, there was no kingdom anywhere that had a greater impact and was more important than the Xia and Shang Kingdoms on the subsequent development of ancient Chinese history. Finding the archaeological culture that directly produced the civilization of the Xia and Shang Kingdoms is the key to implementing the "origin discovery project" of ancient Chinese civilization. Field archeology revealed that the Henan Longshan Culture in the Heluo area was the parent culture of the Xia Culture.
In recent years, in the academic circles' research on the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization, due to the new archaeological discoveries of the Hongshan Culture in western Liaoning and the Liangzhu Culture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, a multi-regional, multi-region origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization has emerged. The "pluralistic" theory is relatively popular, but the key role of the Heluo region in the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization has been ignored.
I believe that archaeological culture and ancient civilization are not equivalent in academic concepts. The "diversity" of the origin and formation of ancient civilization cannot be inferred just because of the differences in archaeological culture in different places. The development of some archaeological cultures reflects the transition from prehistory to "civilization", and even the formation of civilizations and the emergence of countries can be seen in them. However, most archaeological cultures are accompanied by the "civilization" process of social history. Development, is "assimilated" and "melted" by advanced archaeological culture, and the development of a very small number of archaeological cultures tends to be "petrified". Modern ethnological data can provide many vivid examples in this regard. The historical path of the origin and formation of ancient Chinese civilization basically followed the above-mentioned historical development process. In recent years, some scholars have proposed that in the process of "civilization" in ancient Chinese history, different archaeological cultural and social groups in different regions basically entered the "civilization" era at the same time or slightly successively, forming "all nations" , the situation of "all nations". However, whether these "ten thousand states" and "ten thousand nations" are truly tens of thousands of "countries" in a scientific sense is still a major academic issue that requires further research. As a matter of scientific common sense, the influence of these "all nations" and "all nations" on the Chinese civilization represented by the Xia and Shang kingdoms cannot be equal. Furthermore, even if the "all nations" and "all nations" culture at that time had an equal impact on the Heluo The Xia culture in the Heluo area had an influence, and the Xia culture and Chinese civilization formed in the Heluo area could not have been created by "civilizations" outside the Heluo area. This is because new archaeological data that have been continuously discovered in recent years indicate that the Xia culture originated from the Henan Longshan Culture in the Heluo area. In other words, the Xia culture is basically an archaeological culture "native" to the Heluo area. We admit that both the Hongshan Culture and the Liangzhu Culture played a different role in the development of archaeological culture in the Central Plains and Heluo areas during the same period and later. However, the formation and early development of ancient civilization in the Heluo area only have different origins. It could be the Henan Longshan Culture in the Heluo area, not the Hongshan Culture or the Liangzhu Culture, nor any other archaeological culture outside the Central Plains region. Therefore, we believe that from the perspective of exploring the origin of ancient Chinese civilization, the Xia culture directly originated from the Henan Longshan Culture in the Heluo area; from the perspective of the development of ancient Chinese history after the Xia Dynasty, the Henan Longshan Culture and Xia culture in the Heluo area Culture is the core culture that breeds Chinese civilization, Chinese national culture, and Han culture.
The mainstay
"The mainstay". This idiom is a metaphor for a strong person or group that can act as a pillar, just like a pillar mountain standing in the rapids of the Yellow River. Dianzhu Mountain is actually a huge stone, located in the rapids of the Sanmenxia section of the Yellow River. It is a stone island, known as "Maizhu Stone" or "Mainstream Pillar". The water of the Yellow River flows into the canyon and is bundled into a narrow stream by the rocks on both sides. It rushes to the main pillar stone, forms a rapid whirlpool, splits into two streams and flows out, leaving the Sanmen Canyon. The scene is thrilling. In the past, the Yellow River's water transport was developed and it was once an important shipping route. But in the Sanmenxia section, people often hit the rocks. The mountains under the water are also known as "rice piles" and "grain piles". Every time the boat reaches this point, the boatmen get out of the boat and pull it through with ropes. The legendary pillar stone is used to calm the waves of the river, but in the eyes of the boatmen, the pillar stone is a navigation mark. The stone was originally engraved with three characters "follow me", which means to sail towards it. When the ship was about to hit it, the waves in front of the mainstay came back and pushed the ship to a safe channel. It was very magical.
Speaking of the shipping of the Yellow River, it has played an important role in history. Therefore, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, there are records of "Qin Su lost to Jin, and the boating battle". The Western Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty both established their capital in Chang'an. They used the Yellow River and the Wei River waterways to connect the canals and the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, making Chang'an convenient for transportation and becoming an international metropolis. However, the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River have many dangerous shoals, fast currents, and a lot of sediment in the middle and lower reaches, which is not conducive to navigation. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, roads and railways have been developed, but the waterway has not been repaired for a long time, and the Yellow River water transportation has declined.
There was a saying in history that "when the Yellow River is clear, saints will emerge". But can the water of the Yellow River become clear? The water of the Yellow River in Qinghai is very clear, but after flowing through the Loess Plateau, various tributaries bring in a lot of sediment. This is mainly due to the damage to the environment caused by human activities, resulting in soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. Nowadays, the amount of sediment entering the Yellow River every year is beyond human control. Although long-term efforts have achieved certain results, reducing sediment by 50%, there are still 800 million tons downstream, and the Yellow River still cannot be cleared. It is difficult to become a saint. When the saint comes out, the Yellow River must be cured first. This sentence is changed to "when the saint comes out, the Yellow River becomes clear".
Carp jumps over the dragon gate
"Carp jumps over the dragon gate".
Longmen is at the southernmost end of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge, 65 kilometers north of Hukou Waterfall. South of Longmen is the open Guanzhong Plain. The water of the Yellow River enters the wide river bed from the narrow Longmenkou, and the nature of the river changes greatly. The formation of Longmen is because Longmen Mountain in the east and Liang Mountain in the west each extend their ridges and approach each other to form a narrow gate only more than 100 meters wide, which restricts the river water and forms a rapid current. During the flood season, the water level rises, and after exiting the narrow valley, the valley widens, and the water level drops suddenly, with a large drop, so there is a saying of "three drops of water in Longmen". The legend of "carp jumping over Longmen" refers to jumping here. It is said that the little carps are not afraid of dangers and are vying to jump through the door of Jackie Chan. Anyone who can jump over it will immediately become a dragon. Only those carps who persevere can eventually become dragons. This legend has inspired the descendants of Yan and Huang to fight tenaciously and strive for thousands of years. The ancients believed that Longmen Gorge was opened by Dayu, so it was also called "Yu's Gate".
The Yellow River has many bends and is known as the "Nine-bend Yellow River". After the Yellow River made many big turns on the Loess Plateau, it roared away. The high-pitched Xintianyou folk song is still echoing in our ears: "Do you know? How many bays of the Yellow River in the world? Ninety-nine bays of the Yellow River in the world...". "Nine" and "Ninety-nine" in ancient times meant to describe many, indicating that the Yellow River has many twists and turns. From the source to the mouth of the Yellow River, there are many large bends. There are 6 main large bends in the main stream, and there are more small bends, most of which are in the Loess Plateau. Among the big bends, there are three 180-degree bends, two 90-degree bends, and one 45-degree bend. The general trend of the Yellow River forms a "J" shaped bend. The general flow direction is still from west to east. The straight-line distance from the source to the mouth of the river is only 2068 kilometers, but the actual flow is 5464 kilometers, which is 2.64 of the straight-line distance. times.
There is a large horseshoe-shaped bend in the Yellow River called "Hetao". As the saying goes: "The Yellow River has many dangers, but only one thing is rich." The set mentioned here refers to the Hetao area. The Yellow River originally comes from the west and east from Gansu to Zhongwei in Ningxia, then turns north along the Helan Mountains. When it reaches Linhe in Inner Mongolia, it is blocked by the Yin Mountains and turns eastward. When it reaches Tuoketuo County, it suddenly turns around and goes south along the Luliang Mountains, making a circle. Big Bend, this unique big bend is like a big cloth cover on the Ningmeng Plain, so people call it "Hetao". The Hetao Plain stretches from Helan Mountain and Daqing Mountain in the west, to Hohhot and Horinger in the east, to the Ordos Plateau in the south, to Langshan Mountain and Daqing Mountain in the north, and runs through Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. The part of Ningxia is called Xitao, also called Ningxia Plain or Yinchuan Plain; the part of Inner Mongolia is called Dongtao, and is divided into Qentao and Backtao, collectively called Hetao Plain. The Yellow River flows through this place, which is located in a plain with broad river surface and gentle flow. People built many water conservancy projects to divert the Yellow River and formed the Yellow River irrigation area, which made the area rich in grain and cotton and "blocked the south of the Yangtze River".
"You can't wash yourself away even if you jump into the Yellow River." The original meaning of this sentence is to say that someone has been wronged so much that even if he jumps into a big river like the Yellow River, he cannot be cleansed. In fact, no matter who you are, if you jump into the Yellow River, you can't even think of being clean. The reason for this saying is because of the sediment in the Yellow River. The Yellow River is famous for its large amount of sediment. Ancient Chinese people often described the sandy conditions of the Yellow River as "a stone in yellow water contains six buckets of mud" and "a stone in yellow water contains seven buckets of mud." The average sand content of the Yellow River is 35 kilograms per cubic meter. Its amount of sand is unique among the world's rivers. At the same time, the sediment particles in the Yellow River are very fine, and sometimes the river water even turns into mud. It is really difficult to wash off the water on the body. It is really like "jumping into the Yellow River and not being able to wash it off."
"The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and rushes to the sea and never returns." This poem says that the Yellow River rushes from the distant horizon in the west, and then rolls eastward into the sea. Today, "the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky" is often used to describe the "hanging river" phenomenon in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. "Xuanhe" refers to a river whose riverbed is higher than the ground on both sides of the bank, also known as "above-ground river". The cause of the hanging river is that from a river with a large sediment content to a river section with an open valley, a small specific drop, and a gentle flow, a large amount of sediment accumulates, the river bed continues to rise, and the water level rises accordingly. In order to prevent water damage, embankments on both sides are also As time goes by, the river bed is higher than the ground on both sides, becoming a "hanging river". After the Yellow River reaches the lower reaches, about 400 million tons of sediment are deposited in the lower reaches every year, and the river bed rises year by year, making the lower reaches of the Yellow River a famous "hanging river" in the world. Nowadays, the riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally 3-5 meters higher than the ground outside the embankment. In Caogang, Fengqiu County, Henan, it is as much as 10 meters higher. It really became "the water of the Yellow River came from the sky."
"Because the river course is higher than the ground, generally speaking, the lower reaches of the Yellow River below Zhengzhou have become the watershed of the Huaihe River and the Haihe River. Strictly speaking, both sides of the Yellow River no longer belong to the Yellow River Basin.
Sanmenxia< /p>
"Human Gate", "Shenmen", "Ghost Gate"--the origin of the name "Sanmenxia". Sanmenxia is the last section of the canyon before the Yellow River enters the Great Plains and is the most dangerous one. Mountain gorge. The terrain here is steep, the water flow is rapid, and the stone walls on both sides are steep. The two stone islands in the river divide the rapids into three streams. People call these three waterways "Human Gate", "Shen Gate" and "Ghost Gate", respectively. From this, the water in the Ghost Gate and the Divine Gate is dangerous, and it seems that only ghosts and gods can pass through; while the water in the Human Gate is slightly gentle, but the water is also deep and fast, making it difficult for boats to move. Nowadays, the "Three Gates of Natural Danger" are gone and replaced. The dam is a dam across the canyon, connecting Shanxi and Henan provinces like a silver ribbon. This is the Sanmenxia Water Conservancy Project, the first large-scale water conservancy project on the main stream of the Yellow River, which was started in 1957.
"We must get things done in the Yellow River"----Mao Zedong. In history, the Yellow River overflowed many times, flowing erratically and wildly, causing the large area between the Yellow River and the Huaihe River to suffer tragic disasters. The rulers regarded river control as a major matter. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the central government attached great importance to the work of smelting yellow water. In 1952, when Mao Zedong went to Beijing for his first inspection, he chose the Yellow River and breached the copper tile roof at the head of the Lankao East Dam in 1855. The focus of the inspection was from Likou in Jinan to the old route of the Yellow River in Xuzhou, from Lankao to Liuyuankou in the northern suburbs of Kaifeng, and from the foot of Mang Mountain to the People's Victory Canal on the north bank of the Yellow River. During this inspection, Mao Zedong proposed that "the Yellow River must be The call for "get things done well".
Weishui
"Jingwei is distinct" The Weishui is the largest tributary of the Yellow River. It originates from Gansu and enters the Yellow River through Shaanxi; the Jingshui is also a tributary of the Weihe River , originated in Ningxia. The two rivers meet in Chuanzhang Village, Gaoling County, Xi'an City. The well-known idiom "Jingwei Mingming" refers to the intersection of Jingshui and Weishui. The turbidity is clear and the boundary is clear but not muddy. The ancients believed that the Jingshui was turbid and the Weishui was clear. According to textual research, Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in his "Autumn Rain Sigh": "How can the turbid Jingshui and the clear Weishui be divided?" This is probably the prototype of this idiom. So, can we still see the landscape of clear water and turbid water flowing in the same river at the intersection of two rivers? But when we come to the second river, it is still possible. Where the rivers meet, what they see is that the Wei River is turbid than the Jing River. Many experts went to the site to investigate and saw that the Jing River is clear and the Wei River is turbid. Therefore, the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" interprets this idiom as "the Jing River water is clear." , The water of the Weihe River is muddy, and when the Jinghe River flows into the Weihe River, it is clear and turbid but not muddy. "Some people even wrote an article on this, thinking that the ancients made a mistake, and the Jing River should be clear and the Wei River was turbid. What is going on? Is it really the ancients who were wrong? In fact, judging from the area it flows through, the Wei River has The Wushu Mountain in Gansu flows through Shaanxi into the Yellow River, flowing through the Guanzhong Plain and the 800-mile Qinchuan River. The Jingshui River flows through the Loess Plateau, which is an area with serious soil erosion in terms of the sediment content of the river water. , it should be that the Jing River is larger than the Wei River. According to statistics, the Jing River currently transports an average of 304 million tons of sediment to the Wei River every year, with an average sediment content of 196 kilograms per cubic meter; before it was included in the Jing River, the Wei River transported sediment every year on average. 178 million tons, with an average sand content of 26.8 kilograms per cubic meter. From a numerical point of view, Jing is still turbid and clear, especially in the dry season. However, in modern times, due to human activities in the Wei River Basin, especially in the upper reaches, the environment has been seriously damaged. , Soil erosion is also an important issue. Due to the mineral content of the soil in the area where the Wei River flows, when the sediment content of the Wei River reaches 10 kilograms per cubic meter, the water color will appear red and yellow. The natural landscape still exists, but the color of the Weishui River is darker than that of the Jingshui River. It is not that the ancients were wrong. This is the human impact on the environment of later generations. Because of this idiom, we must pay attention to it every year. There are many people watching "Jingwei Mingming" at the meeting point of Jingwei. Now, local people are ready to develop this tourism resource and use yachts to take tourists to "Jingwei Mingming".
----- ----------Allusions and Famous Articles-------------
In the 20th year of King Zhao of Zhou Dynasty, Ziqi came from the east, and Yin Xi, the commander of Hangu Pass, , I saw purple air lingering in the east, steaming clouds and rosy clouds. I climbed up the hillock in front of the pass and looked out. I saw an old man (Laozi) riding a green ox coming from the east.
He persuaded Laozi to write the world-famous "Tao Te Ching" here. In order to commemorate this event, later generations named the mound where Yin Xi climbed high up "Wangqi Tower", and built a "Zhanzi Tower" more than three feet high on the mound, named after "Purple Air Comes from the East". meaning.
The fake Yu destroyed Guo, and the lips were dead and the teeth were cold. In 655 BC, Duke Xiang of Jin wanted to use the methods of Yu to conquer Guo. Gong Zhiqi, the official of Yu State, advised Duke Yu that the relationship between Yu Guo and Yu Guo was like lips and teeth. Guo State is the barrier of Yu State. If Guo is destroyed, Yu State will also be destroyed. Duke Yu refused to listen to Gong Zhiqi's words and agreed to borrow the passage from Jin. As a result, Jin returned after destroying Guo and destroyed the state of Yu.
Roosters Crow and Dogs Steal Mengchangjun, the son of Qi during the Warring States Period, was known for his ability to nurture scholars and attract talents, and his prestige increased day by day. When King Qin Zhao found out, he worshiped him as prime minister. Later, it aroused the jealousy of some people under King Qin. King Zhao imprisoned Lord Mengchang and planned to kill him. Lord Mengchang asked people to ask King Zhao Xingji for help. Yukihime wants fox white fur. One of the guests of Lord Mengchang was a dog thief. He went into the Qin Palace at night and learned to be a dog thief. He got a fox-white fur coat to offer to his concubine. So Xingji became King Yanzhao, and Lord Mengchang was released. Lord Mengchang fled eastward in a flying car, trying to get out of Hangu Pass. King Zhao regretted it and sent people to chase him. At that time, the custom was: the rooster crows and guests come out. Lord Mengchang arrived at the pass in the middle of the night, fearing that people would pursue him. Among the guests there were those who could crow, so they imitated the rooster's crow, and Lord Mengchang came out of seclusion.
Zhou Zhao was divided into Shaanxi. After the death of King Wu of Zhou, his son became the king when he was young. King Wu's younger brothers Zhou Gongdan and Zhao Gongshuang assisted in the government. At that time, the world was very unstable, and Zhou and Zhao decided to divide Shaanxi and rule it (the specific location of dividing Shaanxi, "Shui Jing Zhu" said that Shaanxi City or Shaanxi Mo was the boundary, and "Kuo Di Zhi" said that Shaanxi was the boundary). boundary). In this way, Duke Zhou could devote his main energy to preventing the rebellion of the Yin Shang remnants and stabilizing the newly developed areas in the east; Duke Zhao's responsibility was to further develop agricultural production in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, establish a solid rear, and further expand territory for the Zhou Dynasty. Take away your worries. The name "Shaanxi" in ancient books refers to the west of today's Shaanxi County. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the name of Shaanxi Province also originated from this.
Zhao Gong’s legacy: Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong divided Shaanxi and governed it. The west of Shaanxi County was governed by Zhao Gong. It is said that when he went to the countryside to inspect, he would deal with civil affairs in the fields. The local officials asked the people to vacate their houses for him to rest and cook tea and meals to entertain him. He immediately stopped and said: "It is not the ambition of our ancestor King Wen to work for the people without working all the time." Zhao Gong also accepted civil cases under the Tangli tree, heard cases and sentenced people to prison. He made decisions impartially, so that the people had no injustice. He managed the land he was in charge of in an orderly manner, made the economy prosperous, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. Therefore, after the death of Duke Zhao, people missed his political achievements, missed the Tangli tree, and wrote Gantang's poem. Under the lush gantang trees, Zhao Gong’s philanthropic heart of caring for the people and applying benevolent policies was left behind, as well as the everlasting story of “Zhao Gong’s legacy.”
Du Fu stayed overnight in Shihao Village. In the first year of Qianyuan of Tang Dynasty (AD 758), Du Fu was demoted to Huazhou Sigong and joined the army because he was implicated in the case of Fang Guan. He traveled from Luoyang to Huazhou. At this time, during the Anshi Rebellion, when I stayed overnight in Shihao Village (today's Ganhao Village, Guanyintang Town, Shaanxi County) on the way, I found that the cruelty of recruiting soldiers here was even worse than what I had seen in Xin'an. They came here not to capture soldiers during the day, but at night. Capture. He witnessed an old man climbing over the wall and fleeing. The old woman begged and said the misfortune of the family: "Three men were garrisoning in Yecheng, two men were killed in the battle ------, and only the grandson under her breast ------". These words that made people cry made Du Fu even more worried about the times and his noble sentiments of condescending to the weak, so he wrote the famous poem "Shihao Officials": Throwing people into Shihao Village at dusk, there were officials who caught people at night. The old man walked over the wall, and the old woman went out to see. Why are the officials so angry? What's the trouble when a woman cries! Listening to the woman's speech, "Three men are garrisoning Ye City. One man has arrived with a letter, and two men have died in the battle. The surviving ones are alive, but the dead have long since passed away! There is no one in the room, except for the grandson. There is a grandson who has not left, and there is no way to go in or out." Finished the skirt. Although the old woman's strength is weak, please return from the official position at night. You still have to prepare the morning meal. At dawn, I will go to the future and say goodbye to the old man alone.
Mianchi Hui Allies "Historical Records·Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" records: Qian Po was the minister of state for his meritorious service in the Zhao general's attack on Qi. At that time, Lin Xiangru was the eunuch of Zhao and ordered Miao Xian to sacrifice his life. During the reign of King Zhao Huiwen, he obtained the Chu He clan jade. King Zhao of Qin fraudulently exchanged fifteen cities for He's Bi. The King of Zhao sent Lin Xiangru as envoy to Qin on the recommendation of Miao Xian. Xiangru fulfilled his mission, not only defeated the conspiracy of the King of Qin, but also returned the jade to Zhao intact. The king of Zhao thought that a good official would not disgrace the princes, so he worshiped Xiangru as his superior official. Qin did not give the city to Zhao, and Zhao also refused to give Qin Bi and pulled out the stone city. Next year, we will attack Zhao again and kill 20,000 people. The King of Qin sent an envoy to tell the King of Zhao that he wanted to be on good terms with the King of Zhao and met in Mianchi outside the Xihe River. King Zhao was afraid of Qin and did not do what he wanted.
Lian Po and Lin Xiangru Ji said: "The king cannot do it, it shows that Zhao is weak and timid." King Zhao followed suit and followed him. Lian Po was sent to the border, and he told the king: "The king is on his way, the courtesy of meeting him on the road has been completed, and it will only take thirty days to return." If he does not return it in thirty days, please make the prince king to eliminate Qin's hope. The king agreed and met the King of Qin in Mianchi. The King of Qin was drinking heavily and said, "I have overheard the good news of King Zhao and invited Qin Se." King Zhao played the harp. The prehistoric book of Qin Yu said: "On a certain year, month and day, the King of Qin and the King of Zhao had a drink and ordered the King of Zhao to play the harp." Lin Xiangru said before: "The king of Zhao heard that the king of Qin was good at Qin, so he asked Qin to use a pot of fou to entertain him." The king of Qin was angry and refused. So Xiangru went forward and knelt down to ask the King of Qin. The king of Qin refused to strike the fou. Xiangru said: "Within five steps, Xiangru will be able to splash blood on his neck!" The left and right sides wanted to cut Xiangru's sword, but Xiangru opened his eyes and scolded him, and both left and right were stunned. So the King of Qin was displeased and struck the fou. Xiangru Gu Zhao Yuzhao's prehistoric book says: "On a certain year, month and day, the King of Qin struck a foul for the King of Zhao." The officials of Qin said: "Please take the fifteenth city of Zhao as the longevity of the King of Qin." Lin Xiangru also said: "Please take Xianyang of Qin as the longevity of the King of Zhao." The King of Qin drank wine, but in the end he could not beat Zhao. Zhao Yisheng set up troops to wait for Qin, but Qin did not dare to move.