Overview of South Korea
Country name: Republic of Korea, referred to as "South Korea"
National Day: August 15 (1945)
National flag: Taegeukgi was first drawn on board the ship in August 1882 by envoys Park Young-hyo and Kim Ok-gyun who were sent to Japan. In 1883, it was officially adopted by Emperor Gojong as the national flag of the Lee Joseon Dynasty. On March 25, 1949, the Review Committee of the Ministry of Culture and Education of South Korea made a clear explanation when determining it as the national flag of the Republic of Korea: the horizontal and vertical ratio of the Taegeuk flag is 3:2, with the white ground representing the land, the Taegeuk ryonggi in the middle, and the four black hexagrams in the four corners. The circle of Tai Chi represents the people. The upper and lower curved fish-shaped objects in the circle are red at the top and blue at the bottom, representing Yang and Yin respectively, symbolizing the universe. Among the four hexagrams, the Qian in the upper left corner is three yang lines representing heaven, spring, east, and benevolence; the Kun in the lower right corner is six yin lines representing earth, summer, west, and righteousness; the kan in the upper right corner is four yin lines sandwiched between a yang line. It represents water, autumn, south, and ritual; the Li in the lower left corner is two yang lines sandwiched between two yin lines, which represents fire, winter, north, and wisdom. The overall pattern means that everything is in eternal motion, balance and coordination within an infinite range, symbolizing Eastern thought, philosophy and mystery.
National emblem: circular. The round surface is a five-petal hibiscus flower with a yin and yang pattern in the middle. The ribbon reads "Republic of Korea".
National dignitaries: President Roh Moo-hyun, elected in December 2002, sworn in in February 2003; Prime Minister Lee Hai-chan, sworn in in June 2004; National Assembly Speaker Kim Won-ki (Kim One-ki), elected in June 2004.
Population: 48.387 million (according to the Ministry of Administration and Autonomy of South Korea on January 1, 2004). The country is a single ethnic group and Korean is the common language. The main religions are Buddhism and Christianity.
Capital: Seoul (Seoul, formerly translated as "Seoul"), population 10.277 million (2003). In December 2003, the South Korean Congress passed the "New Administrative Capital Special Law" and decided to move the administrative capital from Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul") to the central region. In August 2004, the South Korean government finally determined and officially announced the address of the new administrative capital. Yeongi-Gongju, located in the central region of South Korea, will become the new administrative capital. The South Korean government is scheduled to start construction of a new administrative capital in Yeongi-Gongju in July 2007, and will form a city with a population of 300,000 and 500,000 in 2020 and 2030 respectively. From 2012 to 2014, South Korea's main state administrative agencies will be moved to the new administrative capital. In October 2004, the Korean Constitutional Court ruled that the "New Administrative Capital Special Law" passed by the Korean Congress in December 2003 violated the constitution. The South Korean government's plan to move the administrative capital from Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul") to the central region will be forced to stop implementation. In January 2005, Mayor Lee Myung-bak of Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul") held a press conference at the Seoul City Government and announced that the Chinese name of Seoul City would be changed to "Seoul". Seoul has a long history. In ancient times, it was named "Hanyang" because it was located in the north of the Han River. After the Joseon Dynasty established its capital in Hanyang at the end of the 14th century, it was renamed "Seoul". When the Korean Peninsula was under Japanese colonial rule in modern times, Seoul was renamed "the capital". After the liberation of the Korean Peninsula in 1945, it was renamed as an inherent Korean word and marked in Roman letters as "SEOUL", which means "capital". The South Korean government officially announced the address of the new administrative capital. The ins and outs of South Korea’s preliminary decision on the new capital address. What is the global trend of moving the capital? Korea’s dream of moving the capital is not fulfilled
Administrative divisions: There is currently 1 special city: Seoul (old translation) "Seoul") special city; 9 provinces: Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeju-do; 6 metropolitan cities: Busan , Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan.
Physical geography: Located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in the northeastern part of the Asian continent.
It is adjacent to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north by a military demarcation line. The remaining three sides are surrounded by the Yellow Sea, the Korean Strait and the Sea of ??Japan. It covers an area of ??99,600 square kilometers and has a total coastline of about 17,000 kilometers (including island coastlines). South Korea has many hills and plains, about 70% of which are mountainous areas, and the terrain is lower than that of the northern part of the peninsula. Hills are mostly located in the south and west. The western and southern continental slopes are gentle, the eastern continental slope is steep, and there are vast plains along the rivers on the west coast. South Korea has a temperate East Asian monsoon climate. Rainfall from June to September is 70% of the year's total. The average annual precipitation is about 1,500 mm, and the precipitation gradually decreases from south to north. The average winter temperature is below freezing. The hottest month in summer is August, with a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. March, April and early summer are vulnerable to typhoons.
Brief history: After the 1st century AD, the Korean Peninsula formed three ancient kingdoms: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. In the mid-seventh century AD, Silla dominated the peninsula. At the beginning of the 10th century AD, Goryeo replaced Silla. At the end of the 14th century, the Lee Dynasty replaced Goryeo and named the country Joseon. It became a Japanese colony in August 1910. It was liberated on August 15, 1945. At the same time, the Soviet and American armies were stationed in the northern half and the southern half respectively, taking the 38th parallel as the northern latitude as the boundary. On August 15, 1948, the Republic of Korea was proclaimed and Syngman Rhee was elected as its first president. In 1960, Syngman Rhee stepped down in a nationwide student movement. In 1961, Park Chung-hee launched a military coup and began his 18-year rule, during which the South Korean economy achieved sustained and rapid growth. After Park Chung-hee was assassinated in 1979, Chun Doo-hwan launched a coup and became president in 1980. South Korea implemented direct presidential elections in 1987, and Roh Tae-woo was elected as the 13th president in the same year. The 14th to 16th presidents were Kim Young-sam, Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun respectively. South Korea joined the United Nations together with North Korea on September 17, 1991. South Korea’s Nuclear Issue
The Folk Village in Andong City, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea has a history of more than 600 years.
It has many ancient houses with national treasure levels.
Politics: South Korea’s current constitution is the new constitution approved by a referendum in October 1987 and came into effect on February 25, 1988. The new constitution stipulates that South Korea implements a system of three powers and the rule of law. According to this new constitution, the president is the head of state and commander of the national armed forces, representing the entire country in the government system and foreign relations. The president's term is 5 years and cannot be re-elected. The president is the maker of domestic and foreign policies and can propose legislative bills to Congress. At the same time, the president is also the country's top chief executive and is responsible for the implementation of various laws and regulations. The President exercises executive functions through the State Council, which is composed of 15-30 people and is chaired by him. The Prime Minister, who serves as the president's principal administrative assistant, is appointed by the president, subject to congressional approval. The Prime Minister has the right to participate in formulating important national policies. The president does not have the power to dissolve Congress, but Congress can initiate impeachment proceedings to restrict the president so that he is ultimately responsible for the national constitution. South Korea has a unicameral system. The National Assembly is the national legislative body with a term of 4 years, and the Speaker of the National Assembly serves a 2-year term. In addition to enacting laws, the functions conferred on Congress by the Constitution include approving national budgets, foreign policy, foreign declarations of war and other national affairs, as well as the power to impeach the president. Korean courts are divided into three levels: the Grand Court, the High Court and the District Court. The Grand Court is the highest court that hears appeals from decisions made by lower courts and military tribunals. Justices are appointed by the president and approved by Congress. The term of justice is 6 years and cannot be re-elected. When reaching the age of 70, he must abdicate. The Origin of South Korea's Nuclear Issue by the Constitutional Court of South Korea
Economy: In the 1950s, South Korea's economy recovered from the edge of collapse. In the 1960s, South Korea successfully implemented an export-oriented economic development strategy and began to implement the first five years. Economic development plan: In the 1970s, China became one of the newly industrialized countries (regions). In the 1980s, it developed into a competitive country in the international market. In the 1990s, it began to set the goal of entering the ranks of developed countries. South Korea has strong economic strength. Steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, electronics, textiles, etc. are South Korea's pillar industries. South Korea was once a traditional agricultural country.
With the process of industrialization, the proportion of agriculture in the Korean economy is getting smaller and smaller, and its status is becoming increasingly low. South Korea is a major importer of agricultural products, and its import volume tends to increase. However, its agricultural market is extremely sensitive to foreign participation, and it is an economic sector with a relatively low degree of openness to the outside world. South Korea’s cultivated land area is 1.95 million hectares, mainly distributed in the western and southern plains and hilly areas, accounting for approximately 22% of the total land area. South Korea has relatively few mineral resources. More than 280 kinds of minerals have been discovered, and more than 50 kinds have economic value. Minerals with mining and utilization value include iron, anthracite, lead, zinc, tungsten, etc., but the reserves are not large. Due to the lack of natural resources, major industrial raw materials rely on imports. The main industrial sectors include steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, electronics, chemicals, textiles, etc. Pohang Steel Works is the world's second largest steel complex. In 2002, automobile production reached 3.2 million units, ranking 6th in the world. The standard cargo ship tonnage of shipbuilding orders is 7.59 million tons, ranking first in the world again. The electronics industry is dominated by high-tech intensive products, and it is one of the top ten electronics industrial countries in the world. Semiconductor integrated circuits are developing rapidly. In recent years, South Korea has attached great importance to the IT industry and continuously increased investment. South Korea has beautiful scenery and many cultural and historical heritages. The tourism industry is relatively developed. The main tourist spots in Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul") Gyeongbokgung Palace, Deoksugung Palace, Changgyeonggung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, National Museum, National Gugak Center, Sejong Center for the Performing Arts, Hoam Museum of Art, Namsan Tower, National Hyundai Museum Art Museum, Ganghwa Island, Folk Village, Panmunjeom, Gyeongju, Jeju Island, Seoraksan Mountain, etc. South Korea joins the ranks of oil-producing countries
Performers performed in Jeonju, South Korea, based on the Chinese classical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" about the Battle of Chibi
Sori" repertoire. "Pansori" originated in Jeonju is a traditional Korean rap art form that integrates music, literature, and performance. It uses singing, speaking, expressions,
Action and a fan as a prop to depict a complex
plot. According to records, there were 12 "Pansori" plays in history, but only 5 have survived to this day.
Culture: South Korea is a country with a long history and splendid culture, and has its own characteristics in literature and art. Korean art mainly includes painting, calligraphy, printmaking, crafts, decoration, etc. It not only inherits the national tradition, but also absorbs the expertise of foreign art. Korean paintings are divided into Eastern paintings and Western paintings. Eastern paintings are similar to Chinese traditional paintings, using pen, ink, paper, and inkstone to express various topics. There are also various gorgeous genre paintings. Like China and Japan, calligraphy is an elegant art form in Korea. Koreans are known for their love of music and dance. Korean modern music can be roughly divided into two types: "ethnic music" and "Western music." National music can be divided into two types: "grace music" and "folk music". Gagak is music played by professional bands during various ceremonies such as sacrifices and banquets held in the palace during the feudal dynasties of Korea. It is commonly known as "jeongak" or "court music". Folk music includes miscellaneous songs, folk songs, agricultural music, etc. Commonly used musical instruments include xuanqin, gayaqin, stick drum, flute, etc. One of the characteristics of Korean folk music is accompanied by dance. Korean dance attaches great importance to the rhythm of the dancer's shoulders and arms. The props include fans, flower crowns and drums. Korean dance is centered on folk dance and court dance, and is colorful. Korean drama originated from religious rituals in prehistoric times and mainly includes five categories: masks, puppet shows, folk arts, operas, and dramas. Among them, the mask, also known as "masquerade", is a symbol of Korean culture and occupies an extremely important position in Korean traditional drama. The fallen "national hero" Hwang Woo-seok on "Daewang Day" in South Korea
Members of the palace guards wearing traditional costumes played military music outside Deoksugung Palace in Hanseong to recreate the Lee family
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The grand ceremony of the changing of the guard at the Royal Palace during the Dynasty
The Korean people like sports very much, especially participating in folk games. The main folk games include swinging, seesawing, flying kites, and stepping on the earth god. There are many types of folk sports activities in South Korea, including Go, chess, chess, wrestling, taekwondo, skiing, etc.
Korean food is characterized by kimchi culture, and kimchi is indispensable for three meals a day.
The traditional Korean dishes of barbecued pork, kimchi and cold noodles have become world-famous dishes.
Food without borders - Eating in Korea
South Korea is a country that attaches great importance to education. There are thousands of colleges and universities across the country. Seoul National University (formerly translated as "Seoul"), Yonsei University, Korea University and Ewha Womans University, etc.
News and publishing: The journalism industry is developed. As of 2002, there were 260 news organizations in the country. There are 60 newspapers, including 10 national comprehensive newspapers, 38 local comprehensive newspapers, 7 economic newspapers, 2 foreign language newspapers and 3 sports newspapers. "Chosun Ilbo", "Joongang Ilbo", "Dong-A Ilbo", "Korea Ilbo", "Daehan Daily" and "Gyeonghyang Shinmun" are the six major national Korean daily newspapers. Except for "Daehan Daily", the others Newspapers are privately owned. Chosun Ilbo was first published on March 5, 1920. The Dong-A Ilbo was first published on April 1, 1920. "JoongAng Ilbo" was founded on September 22, 1965.
Graduates of the Korean Army Military Academy
Graduates of the Korean Air Force Academy
News agency: United Communications, merged by Contract News Agency and Toyo News Agency in December 1980 It was formed in 1999 and merged with Internal and External Communications. It is a cooperative news agency run by the first Korean news media. The news agency has bureaus in Washington, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Paris, London, Bangkok, Buenos Aires, Brussels, Cairo, Hong Kong, Moscow and Beijing. South Korea has 10 national broadcasters, 59 local broadcasters, and 81 cable broadcasters. The Korean Broadcasting Corporation (KBS) began trial broadcasting in 1927 and began external broadcasting in 1953. The government-controlled broadcasting company has a national broadcasting network and currently broadcasts in 11 languages ??including Korean, English, Chinese, French, and Japanese. The TV station was established in December 1961. Since July 1996, it has launched two channels of satellite TV programs, mainly broadcasting with digital signals. The Cultural Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) was founded in December 1961 and has a nationwide broadcast network. The TV station was established in August 1969 and has satellite relay stations in major cities. Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul") Broadcasting Corporation TV station started broadcasting in December 1991. The Christian Broadcasting Corporation (CBS) was founded in 1954 as a privately owned company that mainly broadcasts news, entertainment, educational and religious programs. Its television programs also have some influence. Far East Broadcasting Station (FEBC) was launched in December 1956 and broadcasts 100 hours of Korean, English, Chinese and Russian programs every week. The Military Radio Station of the Republic of Korea was built in 1954 and is dedicated to broadcasting for the military. USFK Radio began broadcasting in October 1950. Together with its television station, it is dedicated to serving U.S. troops stationed in Korea and their families, broadcasting in English throughout the day. Traffic Radio and Television were established in June 1990. The educational radio and television stations were established in December 1990. There are 39 TV stations in South Korea, 20 of which are commercial TV stations. South Korea has launched cable television in 1995 and has developed rapidly. The Internet penetration rate is relatively high. By the end of 2002, the number of Internet users reached 26.27 million, accounting for 55.1% of the national population. The publishing industry is developed, with 19,135 registered publishing houses. There are many types of magazines, and they are founded and closed frequently.
Attractions: Gyongbokkung is located in Jongno District, Seoul, the capital of South Korea (formerly translated as "Hancheng"). It is a famous ancient palace that was started by Li Chenggui, the founder of the Li Dynasty, in 1394 AD. built. There was a poem in the ancient Chinese Book of Songs, "A gentleman will live forever, and you will be blessed with good fortune". This hall got its name from this. The main hall of the palace is Geunjeongjeon, which is the central building of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Kings of the Lee Dynasty used to handle state affairs here. In addition, there are Ideological and Political Hall, Qianqing Hall, Kangning Hall, Jiaotai Hall, etc. The palace garden also has a 10-storey stone pagoda with an elegant shape and is one of South Korea's national treasures. There is a wall built outside Gyeongbokgung Palace, which is 3626 meters long and 6.7 meters high. There is Gwanghwamun Gate to the south of the palace, Jianchun Gate to the east, Yingqiu Gate to the west, and Shenmu Gate to the north.
There is Heungryemun Gate inside Gwanghwamun Gate, and there is an east-west canal outside Heungryemun Gate, and the exquisite Geumcheon Bridge spans the river. There is a stone boat in the center of the lotus pond in the palace garden - Qinghui Pavilion, which was once the pavilion where the king held a banquet for guests. In 1553, a fire burned part of the north corner of the palace. When the Japanese invaded, most of the buildings in the palace were destroyed. By the time of reconstruction in 1865, only 10 palaces remained intact.
Changdokkung (Changdokkung), also known as Le Palace, is the "Forbidden City" of South Korea. It is located in the west cave of the city courtyard of Seoul, the capital of Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul"). It is the most completely preserved palace of the Lee Dynasty. palace. In 1405 AD, the third king of the Li Dynasty built a palace here. It was burned down during the Renchen Rebellion. The existing building was rebuilt in 1611 AD. This building served as a royal palace for 300 years. The entire palace is a Chinese-style building. After entering the main entrance is the Renzheng Hall, which handles government affairs. It was rebuilt in 1804. The palace is tall and solemn, with gorgeous decorations and an emperor's throne. The front of the hall is paved with granite and surrounded by corridors on three sides. The southeastern part behind the palace is dominated by buildings such as Leshanzhai, where the princess lives. The bedroom, Leshanjae, is a typical Korean-style wooden building. Crowns, royal clothes, calligraphy treasures, weapons and other handicrafts are displayed in the palace. On display in the courtyard are bridges used by the royal family, carriages and early cars used by the last king. In addition, there are Dazao Hall, Xuanzheng Hall and Injeong Hall. The secret garden behind Renzheng Palace was built in the 17th century and covers an area of ??about 60,000 square meters. It is an imperial garden built on the mountain. There are pavilions, pavilions, natural canyons and streams in the garden, as well as the Yinghua Hall, which was used as an examination room during the imperial examination period, the Yushui Pavilion built next to the lotus pond for kings to fish, the Diaoyutai and the Furong Pavilion in the pond.
Kwanghanrn Tower (Kwanghanrn) is located in Eupcheonqu-ri, Namwon-gun, North Jeolla Province. It is a famous historical site in South Korea. Legend has it that it was built by Huang Xi, the prime minister of the early Li Dynasty, and was originally named Guangtong Tower. It was renamed after reconstruction in 1434 AD (the 16th year of King Sejong of the Ri Dynasty). It was burned down during the Imjin Patriotic War in Korea. In 1635 AD (the 13th year of Renzong of the Li Dynasty), it was rebuilt according to its original appearance. Gwanghanlou, with its carved beams and painted buildings and gorgeous shape, is the representative of Korean courtyards. It includes three small islands, stone statues, and magpie bridges. Its overall structure symbolizes the universe. Now there are large character plaques with "Guanghan Tower" and "Guiguan" hanging upstairs. According to legend, the famous legendary story "The Legend of Chunxiang" happened here. The Chunxiang Pavilion on the north side of the building is the Chunxiang Ancestral Hall built in 1931. There is a portrait of Chunxiang in the hall. People hold the Chunxiang Festival here every year on April 8 of the lunar calendar.
Chong Wa Dae (Chong Wa Dae) is the official residence of the President of South Korea, located at No. 1, Sejong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul"). This was originally the palace of the Goryeo Dynasty. After the Joseon Dynasty established its capital in Seoul (formerly translated as "Hanseong") in 1426, it was used as the back garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace, and some buildings such as Yongwudang, Qingnongjae and a martial arts training ground were built. , and opened a piece of land owned by the king. After the Japanese invasion in 1927, all buildings except Wuyun Pavilion were destroyed and the Korean Governor's Residence was built. After Japan surrendered in 1945, it became the official residence of the military and political governors. When the Republic of Korea was established in August 1948, it became the presidential residence and was renamed Kyung Mu Dae (Kyung Mu Dae). After the overthrow of Syngman Rhee's regime on April 19, 1960, Yin Pushan was elected president and took over Gyeongwutai. Soon, because Yin Pushan was jealous of the word "武" and in order to correspond to the White House in the United States, he named the group of buildings with white walls and blue tiles Blue House, so some people also called it the "Blue House". Nowadays, the main building of Qingwadae is the official residence of the president, with the president's office, reception hall, conference room, and living room. The auxiliary buildings include the secretary's room, the guard room, and the guest building.
Jeju Island (Chejudao) is the largest island in South Korea, also known as Tamna Island, Honeymoon Island, and Romantic Island. It is located at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, across the Jeju Strait from the peninsula, and South Korea to the north. The southern coast is more than 90 kilometers away, and it is the gateway to the Korean Strait. Its geographical location is very important. Jeju Island has a total area of ??1,826 square kilometers, including 34 islands including Niudao, Wodo, Brother Island, Chagui Island, Mosquito Island, and Tiger Island. It is 100 kilometers away from South Jeolla Province in the northeast. It is an ideal tourist and fishing resort.
Here you can view historical sites and enjoy the natural landscape. The island is home to the tallest mountain in South Korea - Mount Halla, which is 1,950 meters above sea level. You can also hike, ride horses, ride, hunt, surf and play golf. There are sparsely populated areas and vast land, either in mountains and forests, or in farmland and cottages. Farmers mainly grow rice, vegetables, and fruits. The largest and most spectacular ones are rapeseed flowers. In spring, the ground is golden and very beautiful. Jeju Island is South Korea's main fishing base. There are both temperate marine fisheries, tropical and subtropical fisheries in the nearby waters. gt;gt;gt;
The Korean Folk Village is located near Suwon City, the capital of Gyeonggi Province, covering an area of ??163 acres. It gathers various buildings such as farmhouses, temples, noble residences and government buildings from all over Korea. This reproduces the cultural landscape and regional customs of the Korean Peninsula during the Lee Dynasty more than 500 years ago. There are 240 traditional buildings in the village, including the "yamen" from the Li Dynasty, prisons, mansions of high-ranking officials, ordinary people's houses, shops and workshops, children's playgrounds, etc. Most of the goods in the shops and open-air markets in the folk village are local traditional handicrafts and unique foods, including wooden carvings, painted paper fans, national costumes, colorful porcelain, etc. Porcelain is a specialty here, with more than 60 kinds, all of which have high preservation value. There are many kinds of food in the folk village, the most popular among tourists are vegetable cakes and rice wine. There are wonderful performances every day on the open air field, such as folk dance, acrobatics and village drum music, which is very lively. The villagers here wear the clothes of the ancient Li Dynasty and interpret the customs of the ancient villagers. Etiquette such as marrying the bride and sending the deceased to their graves are all truly imitated from the Li Dynasty.
Historical celebrities: Yi Sun-shin (1545-1598): national hero. Born in a family of declining scholar-bureaucrats, his family was poor when he was young. He was quite knowledgeable, good at riding and shooting. He passed the martial arts examination at the age of 32 and began his military career. He was upright, cared about the country and the people throughout his life, pursued justice, and faced several adversities without regrets or complaints. At the age of 47, he was appointed as the naval commander of Jeolla Zudo Province. He actively trained the navy, built defensive positions, and built the armored battleship Turtle Ship to prevent Japanese pirates from invading. At that time, Japan's Toyotomi Hideyoshi had completed the unification of the four domestic islands and attempted to conquer North Korea and China by force. In 1592, he led an army of more than 200,000 to invade North Korea and captured Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul"), occupying most of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea called this period of history the "Imjin Japanese Rebellion." At the request of the Joseon Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to help, and this began a seven-year war between the military and civilian parties of China and North Korea to fight against the Japanese invaders, known in history as the "Imjin Patriotic War." General Yi Sun-shin fought side by side with the Chinese navy, defeated the Japanese army many times, and made extraordinary achievements many times. In December 1598, he and the Ming navy severely damaged the enemy and was unfortunately shot and killed in the fierce battle. Two years later, in recognition of his achievements, the imperial court named him a first-level Xuanwu meritorious official. In 1643, 45 years after his death, he was given the posthumous title "Zhongwu". From then on, in order to commemorate him, the people of the Korean Peninsula called him "Loyal Wugong". Xianzhong Temple, which enshrines the tomb of General Yi Sun-shin, was built in 1706. It is located at the foot of Fanghua Mountain, surrounded by mountains, and the temple is shaded by pines and cypresses. Xianzhong Temple covers an area of ??more than 500,000 square meters. In addition to the "main hall", there are also ancient buildings such as "Hao", "Ancient House", "Family Temple" and a well used by the Li family. Historical information about Admiral Yi Sun-shin and physical objects such as the weapons he used in the naval battle with Japanese pirates. Copies of 8 items given to him by the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, including the governor's seal, the token, and the sword, are carefully preserved. In the "Relic Hall". Every April 28, the day when Yi Sun-shin was born, sacrificial activities are held at Xianzhong Shrine. Xianzhong Shrine was once in ruins under the brutal suppression of Japanese imperialism. After Japan surrendered in 1945, activities to commemorate Lord Chungmu were resumed. In 1966, the Korean government designated this area as a "sacred area" and rebuilt the Hyeonchung Shrine. The comprehensive landscape project of the park continued until 1974.
Diplomacy: After World War II, South Korea focused on diplomacy with the United States and Japan. The open door policy was implemented in the early 1970s. After Kim Dae-jung took office as president in February 1998, he continued to work on consolidating alliances with the United States and Japan, while strengthening friendly relations with China and Russia.
In terms of policy toward North Korea, Kim Dae-jung promoted the "Sunshine Policy" and proposed the "Three Principles toward North Korea" of not using force against each other, not engaging in absorption and reunification, and strengthening exchanges and cooperation between the North and the South. He advocated a "package plan" to end the Cold War structure on the Korean Peninsula. Korean Peninsula issue. South Korea joined the United Nations together with North Korea on September 17, 1991. After taking office in February 2003, President Roh Moo-hyun emphasized the development of mutually beneficial and equal relations between South Korea and the United States, promoting regional cooperation in Northeast Asia between South Korea, China, and Japan, while strengthening relations with other countries such as Russia, ASEAN, and the European Union, and actively participating in regional and international affairs.
Relations with China: On August 24, 1992, China and South Korea established diplomatic relations. After the establishment of diplomatic relations, relations between the two countries have developed rapidly in all aspects. In July 2003, President Roh Moo-hyun paid a state visit to China, and the two countries issued a joint statement announcing the establishment of a comprehensive cooperative partnership. In November 2005, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to South Korea and attended the 13th APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting held in Busan, South Korea.
Overview of North Korea
North Korean flag, North Korean national emblem
Country name
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Explanation of the country’s name: Korean means “Bright North Korea”, that is, the country of early morning. Also known as Goryeo and the country of white robes.
Area
122,762 square kilometers.
Population
22.114 million (1996). A single ethnic group, Korean is the common language.
Capital
Pyongyang, 2629.4 square kilometers, with a population of 2 million, consists of 18 districts and 4 counties. The annual average temperature is 9.7℃.
Head of State
Supreme leader Kim Jong Il, General Secretary of the Workers’ Party of Korea, Chairman of the National Defense Commission, and Supreme Commander of the Korean People’s Army. Kim Yong Nam, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly. According to the DPRK's constitution, the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly represents the country.
Important holidays
Sun Festival, April 15, the birthday of former President Kim Il Sung; February 16, the birthday of North Korea’s supreme leader Kim Jong Il; National Day , September 9, Liberation Day: August 15, Army Holiday: April 25, Army Day.
National Anthem
Patriotic Anthem
National Flower
Hibiscus Flower
Religion
Minority People believe in Buddhism and Christianity.
Main cities
Nampo, Sinuiju, Wonsan.
Famous places
Mount Kumgang, Mount Baekdu, and Mount Myohyang.
Time
12 noon GMT is 21:00 in Pyongyang, one hour ahead of Beijing time.
International dialing code
0085
Currency
North Korean won
Introduction
North Korea The peninsula is one of the earliest birthplaces of humankind in the world. According to records in "Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms" and "History of Goryeo", more than 5,000 years ago, King Tangun, the founder of North Korea, established ancient North Korea and made Pyongyang its capital. In the 1st century AD, three feudal states, namely Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, were formed. Silla unified Korea in the 7th century. In the 10th century, the Goryeo Dynasty replaced Silla and established its capital in Kaesong (where Panmunjom is today). At the end of the 14th century, the Lee Dynasty replaced Goryeo and changed the name of the country to Joseon. It became a Japanese colony in August 1910. It was liberated on August 15, 1945. At the same time, the former Soviet Union and the United States troops were stationed in the northern and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula respectively along the 38th parallel (the Soviet troops withdrew in 1948).
On September 9, 1948, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was proclaimed. The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and the United States sent troops to North Korea. On October 25, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army went to North Korea to participate in the war. The war ended on July 27, 1953. In October 1958, all Chinese People's Volunteers withdrew from North Korea. In 1958, North Korea announced that it had completed the socialist transformation of urban and rural production relations and established a socialist economic system. Joined the United Nations in 1991.
The country is divided into 9 provinces (equivalent to provinces in our country), 1 special city of Pyongyang (the capital), 2 cities of Kaesong and Nampo, and 1 free economic and trade zone Najin Pioneer. It is said that Sinuiju, which is across the river from Dandong in our country, will also be considered to become a special economic zone.
North Korea is a mountainous country, with terrain high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south. The railway from Sinuiju near the mouth of the Yalu River to Pyongyang is all on low-altitude plains. "Pyongyang" means flat land, but there are several undulating hills in Pyongyang, with the highest altitude being only more than 200 meters above sea level.
Many of North Korea's landmark buildings are currently related to the Workers' Party of Korea and its leader Kim Il-sung - built to commemorate Kim Il-sung's birthday or the party's birthday. The tourist attractions, national holidays and major anniversaries are also mostly related to the revolution and leaders. In addition, several five-star hotels built in Pyongyang in recent years are also spectacular.
Geography
Located in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula in eastern Asia, it faces the Sea of ??Japan to the east and has a coastline of about 3,340 kilometers. The average altitude is 440 meters, and mountains account for about 80% of the land area. The peninsula’s coastline is approximately 17,300 kilometers long. It has a temperate monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 8 to 12°C and an average annual precipitation of 1,000 to 1,200 mm. The territory is mountainous, the terrain is high in the north and east, and gradually decreases in the west and south. The northern mountainous area is about 1000-1500 meters above sea level, with the highest point, General Peak, being 2749 meters above sea level. The east, south and west sides of the Gaima Plateau in the central part of the north are mountainous environments, which are called the "roof" of North Korea. Famous mountains include Mount Baekdu, Mount Kumgang, and Mount Myohyang. To the south of Mount Myohyang are mountains and hilly areas. The river network is dense, and the main rivers include the Yalu River, Tumen River, Datong River, etc. The water flow is rapid, there are many waterfalls, and the water resources are abundant. It has a temperate monsoon climate. The summer is hot and rainy, the winter is cold and dry, the temperature difference is large, and the changes in cold and heat are dramatic.
History
A slave state was established in the 3rd century BC. Around the 1st century AD, three feudal states were formed: Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. In the second half of the 7th century AD, the Silla Kingdom unified most of the peninsula. In the 10th century, the Goryeo Kingdom unified the entire peninsula, but it has been invaded by foreign tribes. At the end of the 14th century, the Lee Dynasty replaced Goryeo, changed the name of the country to Joseon, and established its capital in Liuyang (Seoul). In 1910, Japan annexed Korea. Japan surrendered in 1945, and Soviet and American troops stationed in the northern half and southern half respectively based on the 38th parallel north latitude. On September 9, 1948, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the northern Soviet-occupied area.
Economy
North Korea has a certain foundation in industry and agriculture. The main industries include steel, machinery, electric power, metallurgy, building materials, chemicals, wood, textiles and other industrial sectors. Most industry is concentrated in the lower reaches of the Taedong River between Pyongyang and Nampo and in the northeastern coastal areas. It is rich in mineral resources, with considerable reserves of coal, iron, graphite, gold, silver, lead, zinc, and magnesite. The industry developed rapidly, forming an industrial system centered on metallurgy, machinery, building materials, and textiles. Agriculture is mainly based on planting, mainly planting rice, corn, soybeans, etc. The main cash crops include tobacco, flax, etc. It is rich in apples, pears, peaches and other fruits. Korean ginseng is world-famous and is a traditional export product. Animal husbandry has developed rapidly and accounts for about 1/5 of the agricultural output value. The coastal fishing industry is developed. Transportation is mainly based on railways, with a total length of more than 8,860 kilometers. It mainly exports machinery and equipment, metal products, chemical products, building materials, etc., and mainly imports petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, etc. The main trading partners are China, Russia, Japan, etc.
Customs
North Korea’s hospitality food has distinctive national characteristics. Dumpling soup, roast beef, preserved food, cold noodles, etc. are traditional foods for hospitality.
In addition, dog meat soup, cakes, armor cakes, jelly, raw beef louvers, raw fish, etc. are also traditional foods that North Koreans often use to entertain guests. Korean meals are mainly based on rice, kimchi, and soy sauce. The dishes are light, spicy, and always leave an unforgettable impression on guests from foreign countries. North Koreans love to wear traditional clothing, with men wearing elegant robes and women wearing high heels