administrative division: there is one special city, Seoul special city; 8 roads, Gyeonggi Province, gangwon, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do; 1 special autonomous road, Jeju Road; 6 wide-area cities: Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon and Ulsan.
physical geography: located in the south half of the Korean peninsula in the northeast of the Asian continent. The north is adjacent to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea by a military demarcation line. The other three sides are surrounded by the Yellow Sea, the Korean Strait and the Sea of Japan. It covers an area of 99,6 square kilometers, and the total length of the peninsula coastline is about 17, kilometers (including the island coastline). South Korea has many hills and plains, about 7% of which are mountainous areas, and the terrain is lower than that in the northern part of the peninsula. Hills are mostly located in the south and west. The western and southern continental slopes are gentle, the eastern continental slopes are steep, and there are vast plains along the west coast. South Korea belongs to the temperate East Asian monsoon climate. The rainfall from June to September is 7% of the whole year. The average annual precipitation is about 15 mm, and the precipitation gradually decreases from south to north. The average temperature in winter is below zero. It is the hottest in August in summer, and the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius. It is vulnerable to typhoons in March, April and early summer.
brief history: after the 1st century, ancient Korea gradually formed three ancient countries: Baekje, Silla and Gaya. In the middle of the seventh century, Silla occupied a dominant position on the peninsula. At the beginning of the 1th century, Korea replaced Silla. At the end of the 14th century, the Lee Dynasty replaced Korea and named Korea. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Korea, which was originally a vassal of China, gained "independence" and changed its name to "Korean Empire". In August 191, it became a Japanese colony. In 1912, Jin Jiu, Li Chengwan and others formed the "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" in China. On August 15, 1945, the Korean Peninsula was liberated, and the Soviet Union and the United States troops were stationed in the northern half and the southern half, respectively, with the 38th parallel of north latitude as the boundary. On August 15th, 1948, the Republic of Korea was proclaimed and Li Chengwan was elected as the first president. In 196, Li Chengwan stepped down in the national student movement. The following year, park chung-hee launched a military coup and began an 18-year rule, during which the Korean economy achieved sustained and rapid growth. In 1979, park chung-hee was assassinated, and Quan Douhuan staged a coup. In 198, he forced out the new President Cui Guixia and became his own president. In 1987, South Korea implemented direct presidential election, and in the same year, Lu Taiyu was elected as the 13th president. The 14th to 16th presidents were Jin Yongsan, Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. South Korea joined the United Nations with North Korea on September 17th, 1991.
Politics: The current Korean Constitution was adopted by referendum in October 1987 and came into effect on February 25, 1988. According to the new constitution, South Korea implements a system of separation of powers and governing the country according to law. According to this new constitution, the president is the head of state and the commander of the national armed forces, representing the whole country in the government system and foreign relations. The term of office of the president is four years and can be re-elected. The president is the maker of domestic and foreign policies, and can propose legislative bills to Congress. At the same time, the president is also the country's highest chief executive, responsible for the implementation of various laws and regulations. The president exercises administrative functions through a State Council composed of 15-3 people and presided over by him. As the president's main administrative assistant, the Prime Minister is appointed by the president, but must be approved by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister has the right to participate in the formulation of important national policies. The President has no right to dissolve the National Assembly, but the National Assembly can restrict the President by initiating impeachment proceedings, so that he will be ultimately responsible for the national constitution. South Korea has a unicameral system. Congress is the national legislature, with a term of four years and a term of two years for the Speaker of Congress. In addition to making laws, the functions entrusted to Congress by the Constitution also include approving state affairs such as national budget, foreign policy, declaring war on foreign countries, and the power to impeach the president. Korean courts are divided into three levels: Grand Court, High Court and District Court. The Grand Court is the highest court, which is responsible for hearing appeals against the decisions made by lower courts and military courts. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The term of office of a judge is six years, and he cannot be re-elected. He must retire at the age of 7.
Military: South Korea is the only country in the world where the operational command of its army belongs to another country.
Diplomacy: After World War II, South Korea focused on diplomacy with the United States and Japan. The open door policy began in the early 197s. After taking office in February 1998, Kim Dae-jung continued to work hard to consolidate the alliance with the United States and Japan, and at the same time to strengthen friendly relations with China and Russia. On the policy toward North Korea, Kim Dae-jung carried out the "sunshine policy", put forward the "three principles" of not using force against each other, not absorbing reunification, and strengthening exchanges and cooperation between the North and the South, and advocated a "package plan" to end the cold war structure on the Korean Peninsula to fundamentally solve the Korean Peninsula issue. Kim Dae-jung visited Pyongyang in 2 and won the Nobel Peace Prize that year. After taking office, President Roh Moo-hyun emphasized the development of mutually beneficial and equal relations between South Korea and the United States, promoted regional cooperation between South Korea, China and Japan in Northeast Asia, strengthened relations with Russia, ASEAN, the European Union and other countries, and actively participated in regional and international affairs. South Korea is the only country in the world whose military command belongs to another country.
Economy: South Korea's economy was very backward in the 195s. Until 196, South Korean President park chung-hee, who was a soldier, promoted authoritarianism and successfully implemented the first and second five-year plans. In the 197s, he became a newly industrialized country, developed into a competitive country in the international market in the 198s, and began to make efforts to enter the ranks of developed countries in the 199s. South Korea has a strong economic strength, and steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, electronics and textiles are the pillar industries of South Korea. Korea used to be a traditional agricultural country. With the process of industrialization, the proportion of agriculture in the Korean economy is getting smaller and smaller, and its status is getting lower and lower. South Korea is a major importer of agricultural products, and its import volume tends to increase, but its agricultural market is extremely sensitive to foreign participation, and it is an economic sector with a small degree of opening to the outside world. South Korea's cultivated land area is 1.95 million hectares, mainly distributed in the western and southern plains and hilly areas, accounting for about 22% of the total land area. South Korea has less mineral resources, with more than 28 kinds of minerals discovered and more than 5 kinds of them with economic value. Minerals with exploitation and utilization value include iron, anthracite, lead, zinc and tungsten, but the reserves are not large. Due to the lack of natural resources, the main industrial raw materials are dependent on imports. The main industrial sectors are steel, automobile, shipbuilding, electronics, chemistry, textiles and so on. Pohang Iron and Steel Plant is the second largest steel complex in the world. In 22, the automobile output was 3.2 million, ranking sixth in the world. The tonnage of standard cargo ship in shipbuilding order is 7.59 million tons, making it the first in the world again. The electronics industry is dominated by high-tech intensive products and is one of the top ten electronics industry countries in the world. Semiconductor integrated circuits have developed rapidly. In recent years, South Korea has attached importance to IT industry and continuously increased investment. Korea has beautiful scenery and many cultural and historical heritages. Tourism is more developed.
culture: Korea is a country with a long history and splendid culture, which has its own characteristics in literature and art. Korean fine arts mainly include painting, calligraphy, printmaking, crafts, decoration, etc., which not only inherits the national tradition, but also absorbs the specialties of foreign fine arts. South Korean paintings can be divided into oriental paintings and western paintings. Oriental paintings are similar to China's traditional Chinese paintings, which express various topics with pen, ink, paper and inkstone. In addition, there are all kinds of gorgeous genre paintings. Like China and Japan, calligraphy is an elegant art form in Korea. Koreans are famous for their love of music and dance. Korean modern music can be roughly divided into "national music" and "western music". National music can be divided into "elegant music" and "folk music". Yayue is the music played by professional bands when the feudal dynasties of Korea held sacrifices, banquets and other ceremonies in the court, which is commonly called "Zheng Yue" or "court music". Folk music includes miscellaneous songs, folk songs and farm music. Musical instruments are commonly used, such as Xuanqin, Gaya piano, staff drum, flute, etc. One of the characteristics of Korean folk music is accompanied by dance. Korean dance attaches great importance to the rhythm of dancers' shoulders and arms. Tao has fans, corollas and drums. Korean dances are colorful and centered on folk dances and palace dances. Korean drama originated from religious ceremonies in prehistoric times, mainly including masks, puppet shows, folk art, singing plays and dramas. Among them, the mask, also known as "mask dance", is a symbol of Korean culture and occupies an extremely important position in Korean traditional drama.
Korean people like sports very much, especially taking part in folk games. The main folk games are swinging, stepping on the seesaw, flying kites and stepping on the earth. There are many kinds of folk sports activities in Korea, including Go, Chess, Chess Throwing, Wrestling, Taekwondo and Skiing.
Korean food is characterized by kimchi culture, and kimchi is indispensable for three meals a day. Korean traditional dishes such as roast meat, kimchi and cold noodles have become world famous dishes.
Korea is a country that attaches great importance to education. There are thousands of colleges and universities in China. Famous Seoul National University, Sungkyunkwan University, Yonsei University, Korea University and Ewha Women's University.
press and publication: journalism is developed. By 22, * * * had 26 news organizations. There are 6 newspapers, including 1 national comprehensive newspapers, 38 local comprehensive newspapers, 7 economic newspapers, 2 foreign language newspapers and 3 sports newspapers. Chosun Ilbo, Chosun Ilbo, East Asia Daily, Korea Daily, Korea Daily and Kyung Heung News are six national Korean daily newspapers. Except Korea Daily, all other newspapers are privately owned.
Attractions: Located in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Gyongbokkung is a famous ancient palace, which was built in 1394 by Li Chenggui, the ancestor of the Li Dynasty. In China's ancient Book of Songs, there was a poem "A gentleman will be blessed for thousands of years", hence the name of this temple. The main hall of Gongyuan is the Qinzheng Hall, which is the central building of Jingfu Palace. All the kings of the Li Dynasty used to handle state affairs here. In addition, there are Ideological and Political Hall, Ganqing Hall, Kangning Hall and Jiaotai Hall. There is also a 1-storey stone tower in Gongyuan, which is elegant in shape and is one of the national treasures of South Korea. There is a wall outside the Gyeongbokgung Palace, which is 3626 meters long and 6.7 meters high. There is the Guanghua Gate in the south of the palace, the Jianchun Gate in the east, the Autumn Gate in the west and the Shenwu Gate facing north. There is the Xingli Gate in Gwanghwamun, and there is an east-west canal outside the Xingli Gate, across which lies a delicate Jinchuan Bridge. In the center of the lotus pond in the palace garden, there is a stone boat-Qinghui Building, which was once a pavilion for the guests of the king's banquet. In 1553, a part of the north corner of the palace was destroyed by fire, and most of the buildings in the palace were destroyed when the Japanese invaded. By the time of reconstruction in 1865, only 1 palaces remained intact.
Changdokkung, also known as Le Palace, is the Forbidden City in South Korea, located in the West Cave of Seoul City Courtyard, and it is the most well-preserved palace in the Palace of the Li Dynasty. In 145, the third king of the Li Dynasty was built here as a detached palace. Renchen was burned during the Japanese rebellion. The existing buildings were rebuilt in 1611. The whole palace is a Chinese-style building. After entering the main entrance, it is the benevolent government hall, which was rebuilt in 184. The palace is tall and solemn, beautifully decorated and equipped with an imperial throne. The front of the temple is paved with granite and surrounded by corridors on three sides. The southeast part behind the temple is dominated by buildings such as Leshan Zhai, where the princess lives. Leshanzhai, the bedroom, is a typical Korean-style wooden building. Crown, royal clothes, Mo Bao, weapons and other handicrafts are displayed in the hall. The courtyard displays the bridges used by the royal family, carriages and early cars used by the last king. In addition, there are Dazao Hall, Xuanzheng Hall and Renzheng Hall. The Secret Garden behind Renzheng Hall was built in the 17th century, covering an area of about 6, ping. It is an imperial garden built on the mountain. There are pavilions and natural canyons and streams in the garden, as well as Yinghuatang, which was used as an examination room in the imperial examination period, and Yushui Pavilion, Diaoyutai Pavilion and Furong Pavilion built beside the lotus pond for kings to fish.
Kwanghanrn, located in Yichuan Canal, Nanyuan County, Jeollabuk-do, is a famous monument in Korea. Legend has it that it was built by Huang Xi, the prime minister of the early Li Dynasty, formerly known as Guangtong Building. It was renamed after it was rebuilt in 1434 AD. North Korea was burned during the Great Patriotic War in Nonchen. In 1635, it was rebuilt as it was. The Guanghan Building with carved beams and painted buildings is a representative of Korean courtyards, including three small islands, stone statues and magpie bridge, and its overall structure symbolizes the universe. At present, there are large-character plaques of "Guanghan Building" and "Guiguan" hanging upstairs. According to legend, the famous legend "The Story of Spring Fragrance" happened here. Chunxiang Pavilion on the north side of the building is the Chunxiang Ancestral Hall established in 1931, and there is a portrait of Chunxiang in the hall. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, people hold a spring festival here.
Cheongwadae is the official residence of the South Korean President, located at No.1 Sejong Road, Jongno-gu, Seoul. It used to be the departure palace of the Koryo dynasty. After the Korean dynasty established Seoul as its capital in 1426, it was used as the back garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace, and some buildings such as Longwutang, Qingnongzhai and Martial Arts Field were built, and a piece of pro-cultivated land for the king was opened. In 1927, Japan destroyed all buildings except Wuyunge and established the official residence of the North Korean governor. After Japan surrendered in 1945, it became the official residence of the military and political chief. When the Republic of Korea was founded in August 1948, it became the presidential residence and was renamed Kyung Mu Dae. After overthrowing the Li Chengwan regime in 196, Bo Seon Yun was elected president and entered Jingwutai. Soon, because Bo Seon Yun avoided the word "martial arts" and in order to correspond to the White House, he named this group of buildings with white walls and blue tiles Cheongwadae, so some people also called it "Blue House". At present, the main building of Cheongwadae is the official residence of the President, including the office of the President, the reception hall, the conference room and the living room, and the annex building includes the secretary room, the police protection room and the welcome building.
Jeju Island is the largest island in South Korea, also known as Daluo Island, Honeymoon Island and Romantic Island. It is located at the southern end of the Korean Peninsula, facing the peninsula across Chejudao strait, and more than 9 kilometers away from the southern coast of South Korea in the north, bordering the gateway of the Korean Strait, and its geographical position is very important. Jeju Island has a total area of 1,826 square kilometers.