Is the Jin Kingdom related to the Qing Dynasty
Both the Qing Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty were founded by the Jurchen people, but the predecessor of the Qing Dynasty was the Later Jin regime, established by Nurhaci, and the country's name was the same as The Jin Dynasty is the same as "Da Jin", and later generations call it Hou Jin to distinguish it. After Nurhaci's son Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he changed the name of the Jurchen clan to Manchuria in 1635, and changed the name of the Da Jin country to Da Qing in 1636.
Both the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were founded by the Jurchen tribe. However, after the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen tribe was renamed during the reign of Huang Taiji, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, and the name of the country was also changed.
Although both regimes were founded by the Jurchen tribe, the Jin Dynasty was founded by the Wanyan clan of the Jurchen clan, while the Qing Dynasty royal family was founded by the Aixinjueluo clan. Generally speaking, they are the same. The same tribe, but as time goes by, they are actually very different.
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Brief introduction to the historical development of the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty:
1. The Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongols. Mongolia later destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty, the first unified ethnic minority regime. In the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens were divided into three major tribes: Jianzhou Jurchens, Haixi Jurchens, and Donghai Jurchens. Nurhaci came from the Jianzhou Jurchens. After hundreds of years of time changes, the Jurchens in Jianzhou where Nurhaci lived were actually very different from the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty.
2. The Jurchen tribe destroyed the Liao Dynasty and established the Jin Dynasty during the Song Dynasty, and then destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty through the humiliation of Jingkang. It can be said that they were extremely powerful. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, they began to rise in the Northeast again. During the Huang Taiji era, their clan name was changed. It changed the name of the country, and then went one step further. During the Jin Dynasty, it occupied half of the country. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it entered the country directly. It became the second unifying power for ethnic minorities and realized the dream of the Jin Dynasty hundreds of years ago.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Jin Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia - Qing Dynasty What is the relationship between the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty
Both the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were founded by the Jurchen tribe. The Jin Dynasty It was built by the Wanyan clan of the Jurchen tribe, and the ruler of the Qing Dynasty was the Aixinjueluo clan of Manchuria.
The founders of the two belong to the same tribe, but they have little connection.
The Jin Dynasty ruled from 1115 to 1234. It was a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchen tribe to rule northern and northeastern China, founded by Wanyan Aguda. It borders Xixia and Mongolia to the west, and confronts the Southern Song Dynasty to the south. The emperor passed down the ten emperors and enjoyed the country for 119 years.
In 1616, Nurhachi, the Jurchen leader of Jianzhou, established Houjin. In 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty. Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to the Qing Dynasty in the year 276 of Guozuo.
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1. Qing Dynasty
During the Qing Dynasty, the unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated and developed. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty unified the Mongolian tribes and integrated Xinjiang and *** is included in the territory and actively safeguards the integrity of the country’s territorial ***.
During the Qianlong period, China's pattern as a unified multi-ethnic world power was finally determined. At its peak, the Qing Dynasty reached Congling and Lake Balkhash in the west, Tangnu Uliang Sea in the northwest, Mobei and Siberia in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Nansha Islands in the south.
2. Jin Dynasty
In the fourth year of Tianqing, Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda unified the Jurchen tribes and launched an army to rebel against the Liao Dynasty. In the next year, he founded the country in Huining Mansion in Shangjing, with the name of "Dajin", and Jianyuan "received the country".
In the third year of Tianxing, the Jin Dynasty fell in Caizhou due to the attack from the north and south by the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Jin Dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia - Qing Dynasty Is there any difference between the Manchu language of Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty?
I have to paste the previous answers again. The difference is very small. It's normal for Manchu to sound like Mongolian, because Manchu and Mongolian are from the same language family, but they are incompatible with each other. In fact, if you know the similarity, it won't sound very big. Once again, I would like to remind those who do not understand Manchu or Jurchen language not to mislead others with their nonsense. Linguistically speaking, Jurchen and Manchu are the same language. The difference between them is basically a dialect difference (because the official accent during the Jin Dynasty was mainly from Northern Manchuria, while in the Qing Dynasty it was from Southern Manchuria). It is true that there are some "ancient words" that may not be used or spoken after 400 years, but there are very few such words. There are also some new words created in the Qing Dynasty that may not exist or have not yet been discovered in the Jurchen language. Such words are also relatively rare.
In addition, there is a trend of reducing some grammatical affixes. Other Jurchen ethnic groups (such as Hezhe, Oroqen, etc.) may have different pronunciation reservations - but in addition to the language changes caused by the changes of the times, there are also differences between the north and the south. South Manchu Close to the *** area, the affixes decrease. To give an example, the well-known Jin Wu Zhu (Jin Wu Zhu), this term has been mistaken for his name for a long time, but in fact this person's surname is Wanyan, and Jin Wu Zhu is only a name given to people in the Song Dynasty. His title. Jin means that he is from the Jin Kingdom, and the word Wushu means "head" in Jurchen language - no one would name himself head, so the word comes from the name Wushu's subordinates called him, and it was also used in the Song Dynasty. The way of notating Chinese characters has been passed down. In Manchu, "tou" is also pronounced as "wu zhu"~ There are too many examples with exactly the same pronunciation. If you are interested, check out the Jurchen dictionary yourself (provided you know how the Manchu pronunciation is). There are also some local spoken languages. For example, the word "wine" in Jurchen is ai r (pronounced Le, big tongue sound) ki, while the standard Manchu language is written arki - but in fact, in Manchu spoken language, the word "place" is used in many places. Also pronounced ai r ki~ Jurchen script and Manchu script have undergone great changes in writing. There are many reasons for this. For example, Jurchen script itself is not suitable for the characteristics of Jurchen language (because it developed from Khitan script and Khitan script developed from Chinese characters). There are many places in Jurchen script that are not compatible with the language. Therefore, the spread cannot be too wide. Ideographic characters cannot accurately describe every detail of the language (the most typical one is tense changes), so there are Jurchen large characters and Jurchen small characters. Moreover, the large Jurchen characters are also very confusing. It cannot be said that it is completely used to express meaning - because some meaningless characters are used to represent suffixes. For example, I have seen the suffix "un" used directly as the radical on the right side. According to ideographic characters, this type of radical is either ideographic or pictophonetic. Unfortunately, it has no such function at all. It is just like the left side in the word. The phonetic pronunciation of that part... functions as a deformation of the adjective form of the verb = = Therefore, the Manchu alphabet that later evolved based on the Uighur-Mongolian alphabet is more scientific than the Jurchen script. After all, the Jurchen script has agglutinative suffixes. It's so obvious~ Someone said above, "Therefore, the words 'it, take', 'te, de', 'za, sting', 'ah, yeah' and other words are not separated, they are all one body" - it's pure nonsense, I don't understand Don't talk nonsense. That’s because you don’t distinguish these sounds, and all the writing methods in Manchu are different! The Mongolian characters of Hudumu and Mongolian characters are indistinguishable from "piercing, stinging" and "ya, yea" (mongolians can easily identify them if it seems difficult to outsiders), but it does not mean that they are indistinguishable in Manchu characters! Compared with Jurchen literature, Manchu literature is 100 times more scientific. In short, Jurchen and Manchu are the same language, but they are written in different characters. Just like Pasiba Mongolian, Uighur Mongolian and Cyrillic Mongolian are all Mongolian, no matter what form the language is written in, it is essentially the same. Are there any connections between the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty?
The Jin Dynasty was a Manchurian who was the founder of the Qing Dynasty established by the Jurchens. They were also a branch of the Jurchens. During the Ming Dynasty, they were always called "Jianzhou Jurchens". Later, Huang Taiji changed its name to Manchuria. Are the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty of the Song Dynasty the same ethnic group?
Yes, the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty during the Song Dynasty belong to the same ethnic group "Jurchen".
In the late Ming Dynasty, the Manchu people were still called Jurchens. In 1635, Huang Taiji abolished the name Jurchens and changed their name to Manchuria, which is now the Manchus. Today, the Manchus are the second largest among the 55 ethnic minorities in China. Bit.
Although the Manchus and the Jin Dynasty both belong to the Jurchen tribe, the Qing royal family did not believe that the Wanyan clan was the ancestor of the Aixinjueluo clan, but that other tribes developed into the current Manchus.
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Origin of Manchu:
Manchuria was originally Manchu, which originated from the transliteration of the Sanskrit name for Manchuria. Later, it was written as Manchuria in Chinese characters because The meaning of "zhou" is close to that of a place name, referring to the place where the Manchu people lived at that time. In fact, Manchuria is the name of a tribe rather than a place. The surname of the Manchu tribe is Aixinjueluo. In Manchu, "Jin" is called Aixin, and Jueluo means "surname" in Chinese. Aixinjueluo means the surname Jin. It turned out to be the same clan as the Jin Kingdom.
The legend of the ancestor of the Manchu people:
In the last years of the Jin Kingdom, there was a man named Bukuli Yongshun. According to legend, he was born from the fairy Foculun eating red fruits. When he grew up, he conquered the Three Kingdoms. The surname Zhi was regarded as Baylor by all. He lived in Odoli City (more than 300 miles southwest of Ninggu Pagoda) in Odori City, east of Omohui, Changbai Mountain, and became the ancestor of the later Manchus. What is the relationship between the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty and the Jurchens of the Qing Dynasty?
The Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty and the Jurchens of the Qing Dynasty (Manchu) both belong to the Sushen of the Tungus ethnic group. In 1234, the Mongols destroyed the Jin Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty first counted all the Jurchens who followed the Jin Dynasty into the country, that is, the Jurchens who grew up in the Han area, as ***. For the Jurchens who continued to live in the lower reaches of the Songhua River and Heilongjiang, fifty thousand households were set up in Oduoli, Huligai, Taowen, Toolian, and Bokujiang to govern the local Jurchens and Shui Dada. In 1403, the fifth year of Yongle, the Ming Dynasty recruited local Jurchens in Heilongjiang and Wusuli River to settle south. The main purpose was to recruit troops from here and accompany Zhu Di to attack the Northern Yuan forces in the north. The difference between these people and the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty is that the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty are actually direct descendants of Heishui Mohe. The Jurchens of the Qing Dynasty were actually the Jurchens born in the Northeast who were left in the Northeast during the Jin Dynasty, and were the descendants of Wanhufu such as Audoli and Huli Gai. During the Yongle period, Meng Ge Timur, the leader of Wanduoli Wanhu Mansion in the Yuan Dynasty, surrendered to the Ming Dynasty court, and then followed Zhu Di in the northern expedition to Mongolia and established military exploits. For this reason, Emperor Yongle enfeoffed Mengge Timur's tribe into the Sanwei of Jianzhou to guard the border for the Ming Dynasty. More than a hundred years later, Nurhachi appeared in Jianzhou's left guard, and the three Jianzhou guards also became the core force of the Jurchens in the Qing Dynasty. Is the Jin Kingdom the predecessor of the Qing Dynasty? Then why was the surname Wanyan in the Jin Dynasty and Aixinjueluo in the Qing Dynasty? Why is it different?
Both the Qing Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty were founded by the Jurchen tribe. However, the predecessor of the Qing Dynasty was the Later Jin regime, established by Nurhachi. The country's name was the same as that of the Jin Dynasty, "Dajin". Later generations in order to add The distinction is called Houjin.
After Nurhaci’s son Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he changed the name of the Jurchen clan to Manchuria in 1635, and changed the name of the Jin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty in 1636.
Although both regimes were founded by the Jurchen clan, the Jin Dynasty was founded by the Wanyan clan of the Jurchen clan, while the Qing Dynasty royal family was founded by the Aixinjueluo clan. Although both of them belonged to the Jurchen clan, But they are not from the same tribe, let alone the same surname.
The Jurchen tribe originated from the Sushen tribe in the Northeast 3,000 years ago. It was basically formed in the early Tang Dynasty and was called Heishui Mohe at that time. In the 11th century, he professed his vassalship to the Liao Dynasty. The Jurchens of the Liao Dynasty were divided into Jurchens and Zhenzhen. In order to avoid the taboo of Yelv Zong, the Xingzong of Liao Dynasty, they were renamed "Nvzhen". In 1115, Wanyan Aguda unified the Jurchen tribes to establish the Jin Kingdom, and overthrew the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties in 1125 and 1127.
In 1234, the Mongols destroyed the Jin Dynasty. After that, the Jurchens were still scattered in Guandong. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they were divided into Jianzhou Jurchens, Haixi Jurchens, and Yeren Jurchens. The Aixinjueluo clan comes from the Jurchen tribe in Jianzhou.
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The Jurchens have different names in the history books of different periods. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Jurchens were called Sushen people. In the Han Dynasty, they were called Yilou. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they were called Yilou. They were called Mohe people at that time, and were called Jurchens in the Five Dynasties. After the Liao Dynasty, Jurchens were sometimes written as straight women in historical materials.
The common characteristic between the Jin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty is that they both originated in the Northeast and entered the Central Plains. The Jurchen Wanyan clan and the Aixinjueluo clan of the Qing Dynasty were both leading forces that led the Jurchens into the Central Plains. There were many similarities between them in the process of rising up, taking over the Central Plains, and governing the Central Plains.
But sometimes due to formality, it was inconvenient for Qing emperors to admit that they were descendants of Jurchens. For example, during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji invaded Beijing many times to rob property and people, which aroused the hatred of the Ming Dynasty monarchs and ministers, and also left a bad reputation among the Japanese people. Later, when Hou Jin wanted to negotiate peace with the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji wrote to the Ming Dynasty specifically: "Your Ming Dynasty is not the Song Dynasty, and we are not the Jin Dynasty. We cannot compare the current situation with that of then."
What Huang Taiji said was obviously not what he thought in his heart. After all, if he wanted to negotiate peace and ease relations, he could only use such diplomatic rhetoric. At the same time, it also showed that he realized that the emperors and ministers of the Ming Dynasty had regarded Hou Jin as the same as "Jin" Dynasties related to "Dynasty", that is, if the Ming Dynasty negotiated peace with Hou Jin Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen would be regarded as Song Gaozong by his subjects, and the ministers who negotiated the peace would be regarded as Qin Hui and his ilk.
The emperor of the Qing Dynasty fully recognized the Bohai Kingdom and the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchens.
Emperor Qianlong once said, "Our Qing Dynasty originated in the northeast, with beautiful mountains and rivers, and it belongs to the same place where the Jin Dynasty arose." He also said that the pronunciation of the word "Manchuria" is similar to the pronunciation of the ancient word "Sushen" Yes, he believed that the Manchus were descendants of the Sushen people.
After Emperor Qianlong paid homage to the Ruiling Mausoleum of Jin Taizu in Fangshan, Beijing, he composed the "Poem of Visit to the Ruiling Mausoleum of Jin Taizu". In the article, Emperor Qianlong mentioned that both the Qing Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty originated in the Northeast, and compared Jin Taizu with Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. He believed that he knew the virtuous and was good at appointing people, so the Jin Dynasty would be strong, which reflected his recognition and recognition of the Jin Dynasty emperor. Agree.
Later, Emperor Qianlong ordered academicians to compile a history book with the nature of Manchurian genealogy, "The Origin of Manchuria". This book was compiled by Emperor Qianlong in order to connect the history of the Manchurians with the history of the Jurchens rise to illustrate that the Jurchens have a very long history. At the same time, Emperor Qianlong also believed that although the Manchu script currently used originated from the Nurhaci period, he emphasized that the Manchu language was in the same vein as the Jurchen language of that time.