More than three thousand years ago, there was a Zhou tribe in Qishan, Shaanxi, and its leader was called King Zhou. King Tai of Zhou had his eldest son Taibo, his second son Zhongyong and his youngest son Ji Li. Ji Li's son Chang was smart and intelligent, and was deeply favored by the king. King Tai of Zhou wanted to pass it on to Chang, but according to the tradition at that time, it should be passed on to his eldest son, so the king was depressed. After Taibo understood what his father meant, he fled to the desolate south of the Yangtze River with his second brother Zhongyong, started his own business, and established the ancient kingdom of Gouwu. After the fall of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty was established. King Wu of Zhou made Zhou Zhang, the third grandson of Tai Bo, a marquis and changed the country's name to Wu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Kingdom of Wu was destroyed by the Kingdom of Yue. The descendants of the royal family did not forget the hatred of the country's subjugation, so they took the country's name "Wu" as their surname. Taibo became the ancestor of the surname Wu.
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Characters named Wu existed as early as the time of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang. There was a minister named Wu Quan of Emperor Yan, and his descendants were the inventors of Chinese music.
The primitive clan named "Wu" because of its bravery and good at hunting, its activities before Yao and Shun are recorded in classic history books such as "Shangshu", "Spring and Autumn", "Guoyu", and "Historical Records" Records are sparse, and only in Luo Mi's "History of the Country: Records of the Names of States" of the Song Dynasty, which is known for its breadth and complexity, Wu Quan's clan is listed as the first Wu clan. "Lu Shi" said that Wu Quan was a minister of Emperor Yan. It can be seen that the Wu people were originally subordinate to the Yandi and Huangdi tribal groups. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas - Hai Nei Jing" records an interesting and strange story: Wu Quan's wife was called Ah Nu Yuan Fu. She had an affair with Feng Boling, the grandson of Emperor Yan who was a minister of the Yellow Emperor at the time, and became pregnant. Three years later, she gave birth to three children. , respectively called Gu, Yan, and Shu. It is said that Guheyan is the inventor of the bell and the earliest inventor of music. Feng Boling is the ancestor of the Jiang and Qi clans.
Wu Clan
Wu Quan belongs to the ancient Wu clan. "History of the Road" has made it clear. In fact, Wu Quan is not only a personal name, it is also most likely a clan name. Because of this, some books also say that Wu Quan was from Zhuanxu's time. There are different legends and there is no need to go into details. Chen Mingyuan's "Chinese Surname Renquan" said: Wu Quan's descendants took Wu as their surname and became a branch of the Wu surname.
The Chinese nation regards the Yellow Emperor as the ancestral god of the world. According to the records of "Lu Shi·Guo Ming Ji": the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a female member of the ancient Wu people named Wu Shu. .
When Emperor Zhuanxu arrived, there was another man named Wu Hui. He and his brother Chongli successively served as the Fire Officer-Zhurong. After Wu Hui became the leader of the Zhurong tribe in the south, the Wu clan continued to grow and expand, and was gradually separated into eight clans, of which the Kunwu clan was one.
During the Shaokang period of the Xia Dynasty, there was a man named Wu He. He was famous for his good archery. He once competed with Hou Yi, the great archer at that time. This story is recorded in "The Lineage of the Emperors". "Compendium of Chinese Surnames" says: "Legend has it that during the reign of King Shaokang of the Xia Dynasty, there was Wu He, and then there was the Wu family." Wu He is seen in "Century of Emperors", where he once competed with Yi in archery. In fact, Wu He was one of the ancient Wu people. The clan government established by the Wu people was Wu, which existed throughout the Xia and Shang dynasties. "Lu Shi·Guo Ming Ji" says: "(Shang) Zhou also had Wu Bo."
Ancestor in ancient times
Huang Di is the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation, and also has the surname Wu. The ancient ancestor recorded in history lived in the Jishui Basin (about present-day northern Shaanxi) and took Ji as his surname. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor married four virtuous wives and gave birth to 25 sons, 14 of whom received the surname, and were later divided into 14 tribes.
Gong Liu passed down several generations to Gu Gong’s father. The Central Plains had entered the Yin and Shang Dynasties. At this time, the Zhou people were invaded by the Rong and Di. Under the leadership of Gu Gong (trembling-page) father They were forced to leave Bindi and continue their migration. The Zhou people moved all the way south. They climbed through Liangshan, crossed Qishui and Jushui, and arrived at Zhouyuan (today's Qishan County, Shaanxi Province) at the foot of Qishan Mountain. Zhouyuan can be said to be the ancestral land of the Zhou people. The land here is fertile and suitable for the growth of a variety of crops. The ancient Duke and Danfu changed the Zhou people’s living habits of the Rong and Di nomads and built cities and villages to allow the people to live a settled life. , and established official positions based on the clan system of the Zhou people, and established an administrative system similar to state functions. The names Zhou people and Zhou clan come from the ancient Duke Xuanfu and his tribe who settled in Zhouyuan.
Gu Gongdanfu was an important leader of the Zhou people. He carried forward the cause of the Zhou people's struggle for generations and laid the initial foundation for the Zhou people to replace the Shang Dynasty and establish the Zhou Kingdom. Later King Wen of Zhou called it Taiwang, there is a poem praising him in "The Book of Songs: Mi Palace": "The grandson of Hou Ji, Taiwang Shiwei, lived in the sun of Qi, and Shi began to be a merchant in Jian.
Mencius, a thinker during the Warring States Period, praised him as a benevolent king. In some genealogies of the Wu surname, Zun Gugongshifu was the most recent ancestor in ancient times. The Zhou people entered a period of stable development from the time of Gugongshifu.
Gu Gongdan's father had three sons, the eldest son Taibo, the second son Zhongyong, and the third son Ji Li. They were all very virtuous. His third son Ji Li married Tairen, the daughter of the Zhizhong family of the Yin Shang Dynasty. Taisi, the wife of King Hewen, was recognized as a virtuous woman in ancient my country and played an important role in the prosperity of the Zhou clan. According to legend, Tairen gave birth to Chang, who laid a solid foundation for the Zhou Dynasty to destroy the Shang Dynasty. There were auspicious signs when Tai Ren was born in Chang. Chang had extraordinary talent and noble moral character since he was a child, and was deeply loved by his grandfather. Gu Gong Danfu even placed his ideals on revitalizing the Zhou clan on Sun Zi Chang, and sometimes he couldn't help but express his feelings in front of everyone. Said: "If there is prosperity in my world, will it be prosperous?"
According to the social tradition of the Zhou people, after the death of the ancient Duke Xuan's father, the eldest son Taibo should inherit the throne. If the Taibo dies early, he will take over the throne. The person should be Zhongyong. Ji Li ranked third and had no chance to inherit the throne. As Ji Li's son, Chang had no chance to inherit the throne.
Gu Gong's father was ill, Tai Bo and Zhong Yong. They left Zhouyuan on the pretext of going out to collect medicine for their father. According to historical records, the brothers set out from the Qishan area in Shaanxi and came to the Jingman Wuyue area (today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas). The Wuyue area was inhabited by primitive and backward ethnic minorities. They had different customs from the Central Plains. Very different. The two brothers followed the local customs and had their tattoos and hair cut off. In the eyes of the Zhou people, the two brothers had become barbarians and disabled people and were no longer qualified to inherit the throne.
After Tai Bo and Zhong Yong fled to Wu, Ji Li was able to do so. Successfully succeeded to the throne, and later passed the throne to Wen Wangchang. Zhou Wen Wangchang lived up to the high expectations of his grandfather Gu Gong Danfu and worked hard to destroy the Shang Dynasty and revitalize the Zhou clan. Although he failed to destroy the Shang Dynasty during his lifetime, he divided the world into three parts, with Zhou occupying the second half. After his son Wu Wangfa succeeded to the throne, he launched a large-scale attack on the Shang Dynasty. Four years later, he destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. In the early Zhou Dynasty, Taibo and Zhong Yong were commended by the Zhou Dynasty. His descendants were granted the title of Wu and established the powerful state of Wu. Later generations of Wu descendants often regarded Taibo and Zhongyong as the ancestors of the surname.
According to ancient historical records, Taibo and Zhongyong were the ancestors of Wu. The Jingman area they reached is today's Wuxi and Suzhou areas in the Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu. The Taibo and Zhongyong branches are part of the Tanyang Zhuji (a branch of the Zhou people who lived on the north bank of the Han River in ancient times) recorded in ancient books. Branch, they were neighbors with the Chu State, which was founded by the descendants of Emperor Zhuanfan, one of the Five Emperors. After the Chu State became powerful, the concubines of Hanyang were threatened by the Chu people and were forced to migrate. Among them, Taibo and Zhongyong. One branch moved east to Wu, Jiangsu, conquered the local indigenous people, and established the Wu Kingdom. "Historical Records: Wu Taibo's Family" says: "Since Taibo became Wu, King Wu conquered Yin in the fifth generation and granted the title to the second two. One, Yu, was in China; the other, Wu, was in the barbarians. "After King Wu conquered the Shang Dynasty, he divided the descendants of Taibo and Zhongyong into enfeoffments. One of them was enfeoffed to Yu, the place where Taibo and Zhongyong first moved, that is, Yudi, Shanxi. The other was left in the southeastern land that was not yet developed at that time. Wu. No matter how many explanations there are for the migration process in later generations, there is no dispute that the Taibo and Zhongyong branch of Zhou people with the surname Ji finally arrived in the ancient Wu area of ??Jiangsu.
The Wu family lineage
< p>From the Yu family or with the Yu familyAccording to relevant records, it is said that Zhongyong's descendants were granted the title of Yu State (today's northern Pinglu County, Shanxi Province) during the reign of Zhou Wen Gong, and were conquered by the Jin Dynasty in 658 BC. After being destroyed, some descendants took the country as their surname, and their surname was Yu. It is also said that in ancient times there was a tribe named Yu, and Shun was its leader, with the surname Yao and living in Puban (now Xipuzhou Town, Yongji County, Shanxi). The characters "Yu" and "Wu" in the bronze inscriptions are related, and later there was also a person named Wu, who was the Wu family in Shanxi.
Shun's three wives, his first concubine E Huang had no children, and his second wife Nv Ying gave birth to a son named Nv Ying. In Shangjun, the third wife, Denbi, gave birth to two daughters and eight sons, but the children were all unworthy descendants. Only Shangjun could inherit his father's business. After Shun's death, great changes occurred in the Central Plains, and Xia Yu seized the position of tribal leader from Yu. , established the Xia Dynasty, the earliest country in the history of our country. Yu enfeoffed Shun's eldest son Shangjun to the Youyu clan, and continued to be the leader of the Yu clan, which became a small country in the Xia Dynasty. Shaanxi moved east to the north of present-day Yucheng County, Henan Province, and the country was named "Yu". In the early Xia Dynasty, there was Yu Si, who helped Shaokang, who was in ruins, and married his two beautiful and virtuous daughters to Shaokang, and finally helped Shaokang to revive. After the Shang Dynasty, the state of Yu declined. Starting from Shangjun, Shun's direct descendants took Yu and Wu as their surnames. Because of that. "In ancient times, the character Yu was written as "Wu". It was only during the Warring States Period that Yu and Wu began to be distinguished.
The Wu family of ethnic minorities
During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, as ethnic minorities took over the Central Plains and established a unified political power, the integration of ethnic groups further deepened. Ethnic minorities accepted Han culture and adopted Han surnames.
The Wu surname of the Miao ethnic group
Among the ethnic minorities in my country, the Miao ethnic group has the most Wu surname and is the most prominent. The Wu surname of the Miao people is mainly distributed in the Miao areas of Hunan and Guizhou. Most of them were changed or borrowed Chinese surnames by the Miao people and became the surname Wu. Some of them were the fusion and assimilation of the Han surname Wu into the Miao people. People of the Wu family.
The Wu family of the Miao nationality existed in the Yuan Dynasty at the latest. For example, during the Zhizheng period of the Yuan Dynasty (1341-1368 AD), the leader of the Miao uprising in Jingzhou, Hunan was a member of the Wu clan named Wu Tianbao. . The Miao surname Wu in the Ming Dynasty also gave birth to Wu He, a famous Neo-Confucian master and Wang Yangming's favorite disciple.
The Miao people originally had no surname. Under the influence of Han culture, many Miao people borrowed the Han surname "Wu". In the early Qing Dynasty, when the policy of "returning native land to local migration" was implemented, a large number of Miao people borrowed the Chinese surname "Wu" as their surname to register their Miao registered residence. Among the Miao people in western Hunan today, there are five major surnames: Wu, Long, Liao, Shi, and Ma, with the Wu surname being the most common and ranking first.
The Miao people in Hunan, with the surname Wu, are widely distributed in today's western Hunan, the southwestern Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Huaihua area and Shaoyang Chengbu County and other Miao distribution areas. According to the "Field Survey Report on the Miao Nationality in Western Hunan" written by Shi Qigui during the Republic of China, the Miao people with the Wu surname in Qiancheng (today's Jishou City) are mainly concentrated in Pinglong, Likouzui, Sanchaping, Dilingbo and other places. The most Miao people with the Wu surname in Fenghuang County are in the Alaying, Yabaozhai, (Mubao) Muying and Shaping areas. The Miao people of Yongsui (now Huayuan, Hunan) have the surname Wu. Since the ancestor of the Wu surname, Lu Zu, led his descendants to live in the Qinzang area of ??Washui, Wobi and Qinzang Townships in Jidong Township, his descendants gradually moved to various places. Therefore, Yongsui has the four surnames Wu, Long, Shi and Ma, and the Wu surname has the largest number of people. In Xinping Township, Jishou, there are nearly 1,000 households with the Wu surname among more than 1,200 households. They all have the same surname within a radius of dozens of miles, and they belong to the same blood family with the same Wu surname. Xinmin Township and Fenghuang Ninth Township, which are adjacent to Xinping Township, also have the largest number of people with the surname Wu, accounting for almost 70 or 80%. Therefore, among the common surnames in Xiangxi, Wu is the first surname.
The Wu surname of the Miao people in western Hunan has historically branched off and adopted the Wu surname. Among the Miao people in western Hunan, although Wu and Wu have different surnames, they are from the same clan, so the two surnames cannot intermarry.
According to the "Ethnography of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County" (Draft for Comments in 1991) and some genealogy records, the Wu surname of the Miao people in Jingzhou today is all derived from Taihe County, Ji'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, either directly or via Guizhou and other places. Moved from place to place. For example, the Wu family of the Miao ethnic group in Gangchong Village, Sanzhu Township, Jingzhou, came from Weisi Lane, Taihe County, Jiangxi, passed through Tianzhu, Guizhou, and then moved to Jingzhou in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. It has been passed down for 30 generations and has multiplied. A family of 600 people, the Wu family of the Miao ethnic group in Tongle Village, Dabaozi Township, moved from Tianzhu County, Guizhou during the Tianshun Period of the Ming Dynasty (1457-1464 AD). It has been passed down for 23 generations and has grown to 510 people. ; The Wu family of the Miao ethnic group in Xinzhai Village, Ou Tuan Township, also comes from Yuankou, and has been passed down for 20 generations so far, and has grown to 400 people; , with a population of 480; the Wu family of the Miao ethnic group in Dixiang Village, Pingcha Township, moved from Yinzhai, Xinhua Township, Jinping, Guizhou, via the river in the Qing Dynasty. It has been passed down for 10 generations and has grown to 371 people.
The Wu family of the Miao ethnic group in Hunan is divided into two lines: ghaob xot and ghao nhlongb.
In the Miao area of ??Guizhou, the surname Wu is also one of the seven major surnames. The Chinese surname Wu of the Miao people in northwest Guizhou was formed by borrowing the Chinese surname from a part of the Miao "Meng Enlu" family. For example, in Taijiang County, Guizhou, Fangzhao's "Zhuwushou" (i.e. Wushougong) family failed to lead the Miao people's uprising in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing government forced household registration and translated the "Wu" of the "Wushu" family into " Wu", and his descendants became the Wu family of the Miao people. These Wu clans of the Miao nationality have no blood connection with the Wu clan of the Han nationality with the surname Ji. They are Wus from different places among the Miao nationality. Some of them have the same surname but different clans, and there is no inherent blood relationship between them.
The Wu surname of the Miao people has produced a large number of outstanding descendants in history and has made immortal contributions to Chinese culture. Therefore, our history of the Wu surname cannot ignore this special group. Among all ethnic groups, there are many colorful clans named Wu.
Mongolian
Among the seven pure Mongolian surnames, Wu is one of them.
According to legend, there were seven major tribes in Mongolia in ancient times. The chief of one of the tribes was named Wulan Suhe. His descendants took the first character of his Chinese translation name "Wulan Suhe" as their surname. This formed the name of the Mongolian people today. "Wu surname" has nothing to do with Ji's surname Wu. Some Mongolians changed their name to the Han surname Wu. "Xutongzhi Clan Brief" records: The government of the Ming Dynasty gave many Mongolians the Wu surname, such as "Batutemul said Wu Yuncheng, Zi'e Tetemul said Wu Kesi, Malu said Wu Cheng'e, Lezhete Murri is Wu Liangbu, Dunri is Wu Shouyi, Jilan is Wu Kecheng, Duoluo is Wu Cunjing, and Maru is Wu Guan."
Manchu
The Jurchens, the predecessors of today's Manchus, also changed their surname to the Chinese character Wu. The "Biography of Wu Sheng" in "Teng County Chronicles·Characters" records: "Wu Sheng, whose ancestor was the Jurchen Wu Gu Lun surname, lived in Lintao for generations, so he named me Wu because of his surname. Wu Zhen, his great-grandfather, had the official title of Teng The Yang army judged them, and they became Teng people." The Jurchens changed their surnames to Chinese characters, which had already begun in the Song Dynasty at the latest.
The Oroqen Tribe
The Oroqen Tribe has the surname Wu. They are simplified from the Chinese translation of the "Wuchalkan" surname in the Oroqen Tribe and have nothing to do with the Han surname Wu. relation.
Hezhen people
The Hezhe people also have the surname Wu, and they are also translated from the pronunciation of the Hezhen surname. The Wu surname of the Hezhen people has produced an outstanding writer in modern times, Wu Baifeng, who is the editor of the excellent film "Visitors from the Iceberg".
The Wu clan of the Hui nationality
According to "Xinyang Ethnography": There is a Wu clan among the Hui nationality in Xinyang, Henan. The Hui Wu family should be assimilated into the Wu family with the surname Ji. Another example is Wu Zhong, a Hui nationality, a martial artist in the early Qing Dynasty and a native of Mengcun County, Cangzhou, Hebei. The Wu family of the Hani ethnic group
According to the book "Yunnan Tusi Compilation of Ming and Qing Dynasties", there is a Wu family in the Hani ethnic group. The clan began to flourish since the Wu Benpo period in the Hongwu period of the early Ming Dynasty (the second half of the 14th century). Wu Benpo lived at the foot of Zuoneng Mountain in Lin'an Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Because he led the Hani people to open up Zuoneng Mountain, Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, awarded him the position of chief of Zuoneng Village and deputy chief of soil, and granted him the right to inherit the land he cultivated. From then on, the Benpo branch of the Hani Wu family became hereditary deputy chieftain of Zuonengzhai. Wu Bangpo passed down the bean hunting, the bean hunting passed down to Long Sheng, Long Sheng passed on to An, and An passed on to Shangdeng. For several generations, he was an outstanding figure who refused to listen to the Taoist government and was later dismissed from his post. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Yunnan was pacified. Wu Benpo's 11th generation grandson Wu Yingke led his clan to surrender, and the Qing Dynasty awarded him the official title of Tushe. Wu Yingke passed on to Shun, and Shun passed on to Shichen, who passed on to his younger brother Shibiao, who passed on to his son Wu Yi, who passed on to Tingfu, and Tingfu's son Wu Qi succeeded him in the third year of Jiaqing. By the time of the Republic of China, Chief Zuoneng was still hereditary to Wu Zhongchen, a descendant of the Wu Benpo family of the Hani ethnic group.
In addition, other ethnic minorities such as Dong, Zhuang, Bai, etc. all have the surname Wu. According to the Records of the Imperial Dynasty: Clan Briefing, among the Korean people in the Manchu Banner there was the surname Wu. "Fengtian Tongzhi" of the Republic of China also records that Wu Nahai was the Wu family of Goryeo, returned to the banner, and lived in Haizhou. Many of the Wu surnames of the Korean nationality were formed after the Wu surname of the Han nationality merged into the Korean nationality.
The Manchu and Xibe people
have the surname Wu, which was changed from the surname "Wuzala" in their respective ethnic groups.
Except for the Miao, many ethnic minorities in my country have the surname Wu. Most of them are ethnic minorities who adapted or borrowed the Han surname "Wu" and have no blood connection with the Ji surname Wu. But there are a few exceptions, such as the Wu surname among the Yue (Guangdong) people. After the fall of the Wu Kingdom, the descendants of the Wu surname fled south to join the Yue people. After a long time, they merged and assimilated into the Yue people. During the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was Wu Yang, a Yue people. Fengwai Shihou.
Migration distribution
Migration before the Qin and Han Dynasties
The ancient Wu State was located in the area of ??Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province today, which is also the birthplace of the Wu surname. At the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, it was Taibo's fiefdom. By the time of the 19th generation, Sun Shoumeng began to claim the title of king, and the country became increasingly powerful, with the country's borders extending to the Jiahu area in present-day Zhejiang Province. At the same time, the Wu surname first migrated rapidly to the neighboring Qi and Lu to the north and multiplied. Most of the Wu surnames in this area were after Ji Zha, the fourth son of Shoumeng. Later he moved to Henan, Anhui and other provinces.
Before the fall of the country, the descendants of Wu had some sporadic migration activities. For example, when competing for hegemony with neighboring countries, a few descendants of the Wu family were captured in the war and forced to flee to other countries, far away from home. In 537 BC, there was a war between Wu and Chu. Jueyou (the fifth son of King Shoumeng of Wu and the younger brother of Jizha) was ordered to go to the enemy camp to reward Chu troops and to scout the enemy's situation. As soon as he arrived at Chu camp, he was captured. The people of Chu originally planned to kill him as a sacrifice to the drum, but due to their awe-inspiring righteousness, they sternly reprimanded the enemy and convinced the people of Chu. In the end, they fulfilled their mission. Chu State withdrew its troops, but Jueyu was also brought back to Chu State.
After that, he went into exile in Chu State, married a wife and had children. The descendants took their first name and surname, forming a branch of the Wu surname - the Jueyou clan. Another example is Fu Chai's son Wu Gumi, who was captured in a battle with the Yue people. A few years before Wu's death, Fu Chai's crown prince Wu You and Wang Sun Miyong were also captured and exiled to the Yue Kingdom.
Migration during the Qin and Han Dynasties
Wu Rui belonged to the Wu Zhengsheng branch, and his father moved from Chu to Lushan. During the Qin Dynasty, Wu Rui became the county magistrate of Fanyang (now east of Poyang, Jiangxi) because of his outstanding talents. His administration won the hearts of the people, and the people respected him as "Fanjun". Peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty. Wu Rui looked at the general trend of the world and knew that Qin was bound to fall, so he led the local Yue people to raise troops to respond. Later, he moved to the northwest and entered the Pass with Xiang Yu and others to defeat the Qin Dynasty. He made great contributions and Xiang Yu made him the king of Hengshan. The Han Dynasty unified the world and divided among the heroes. Wu Rui was named the King of Changsha and built the capital in Linxiang (today's Changsha City, Hunan Province) with a settlement of 3,000 households. Since then, the Wu Rui branch of the Wu clan moved from Jiangxi to Hunan. Unfortunately, Wu Rui's life was short-lived. He had been king of Changsha for less than a year. He died prematurely in June of that year and was buried in Linxiang. His posthumous title was "King Wen" (it is said that it is reported in Volume 34 of Ban Gu's "Book of the Later Han"). .
. "Guangdong General Chronicle" says that the descendants of Wu Ba are prosperous, and most of the Wu families south of Wuling, especially in Guangdong, are descendants of Wu Ba.
Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties
For more than 700 years from the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, northern ethnic minorities continued to invade the Central Plains, resulting in frequent wars in the north, while the south was relatively stable. As a result, a large number of northern scholars moved south, and the Wu clan was also among those who moved south. According to the "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" written by Tang Linbao, the Wu family during this period was mainly distributed in Wujun, Wuchang, Puyang, Bohai, Chenliu and other places, and showed a trend of prosperity in the south and decline in the north.
After Wu Yuncheng moved back to Wu County to worship his ancestor Wu Taibo for three generations, history entered the Three Kingdoms period. The Wu family became political relatives of Sun Wu who ruled Jiangdong. Wu Guotai, the mother of brothers Sun Ce and Sun Quan, came from the Wu family in Wu County. .
The branch of Wu Biao, the third son of Wu Yuan, also moved back to Wuxi, Jiangsu, the old place of the ancient Wu Kingdom, and presided over the temple worship of Wu Taibo, the ancestor of the Wu surname, and became the main lineage of the Wu family in Wuxi. The Wu family in Wuxi later spawned many branches of the Wu surname such as Liuhe, Gaoyou, Jinling, Hanli, and Xintang.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties
The Wu surname developed greatly in both the north and the south of my country, and gradually formed a major local county in many places. Among them, the Wu family in Nanyang was founded by Wu Fuxing, a descendant of King Changsha in the early Han Dynasty. Later, the descendants spread all over the country and formed many branches of the famous Wu family. But in terms of the power and density of its reproduction, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Wu family's reproduction in the north has significantly eased a lot. Basically, the area in the south of our country is the area where it reproduces. This is due to the continuous war with the north, and the people are in dire straits. Have a close relationship. According to historical records, the main places where the descendants of the Wu family established their branches in the south of the Yangtze River are Hangzhou, Hangjing, Fenghua, Wenzhou, Linhai, Pingyang, and Lin'an in Zhejiang; Xingguo and Shihang in Jiangxi; Putian, Fuzhou, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou in Fujian , Tingzhou; Chaozhou, Jiayingzhou, Nanxiong in Guangdong; Wuzhou, Nansi and other places in Guangxi. Most of their foundations were established after the Qin and Han Dynasties, among which Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places were before the Sui and Tang Dynasties; Fujian, Guangdong and other places were after the Tang Dynasty.
According to historical records, the ancestor who entered Fujian to worship Gongzi Xiaoxian was the 62nd grandson of Taibo. He originally lived in Gushi, Guangzhou, Henan. In the Tang Dynasty, he followed Wang Shenzhi to enter Fujian and Ping Huangchao Uprising, Tang The six members of the clan live between Fuzhou and Quanzhou, and are called the Sixth Ancestor of the Wu family. Their branches are divided into Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. Ji Fugong, the ancestor of Guangdong, was the grandson of Xuan Gong. Xuan Gong originally lived in Sichuan and then moved to Nanfeng, Jiangxi. Later, he moved to Ninghua County, Tingzhou, Fujian due to war. In short, although the Wu family spread all over the country, the center of reproduction and development was Jiangnan. area.
According to the "Genealogy of the Wu Family in Haiyan" (edition in the 22nd year of Guangxu), Ting Wei Wu Gong settled in Yuxizhou Qian, Shimen (now Xishimen, Tongxiang County, Zhejiang) in his later years. His former residence still existed until the end of the Qing Dynasty. The family name was Qian Wu in Yuxizhou, and the family was very prosperous. Around the middle of the Song Dynasty, the descendants of the Wu family broke the law because of their high status, which brought bad luck to the Qian Wu family in Yuxizhou. According to the genealogy, because of this crime, the Wu family in Yuxi "was expelled and all the members of the family were killed". Only one Yin survived the disaster.
Yiyin, who survived the disaster, gave birth to three sons, who later lived in three places: the eldest son, Wu Dezhao, lived in Qian's ancestral home in Shimenzhou; the second son, Wu Dezhang, lived in Gou, Deqing (now Deqing County, Zhejiang Province). The third son, Wu Dehui, lived in Haining County. The Yuxi clan settled in Yuxi, and later divided into three factions: one is the descendant of Wu Shengweng and lives in Ma Tou Village; the other lives in Haiyan; the other lives in Shisi Village and is the descendant of Wu Shensun.
The Haiyan Wu clan has Wu Xin as its first ancestor.
According to the "Genealogy of the Wu Family in Haiyan": Wu Xin, the first ancestor of the Wu family in Haiyan, named Shifang, was a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty and lived in Yuxizhou Qian, Shimen for generations. Wu Xin gave birth to a son, Wu Xianji, named Beigao, who ranked fourth. Wu Xianji was a Sui Gong student from Shimen County, that is, a scholar. In the late Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid war and war, he moved his family to Tutu Bridge in Haiyangang, becoming the first ancestor of the Wu family in Haiyan.
After Wu Xianji moved to Huaqiao, Haiyan, he married Li and gave birth to two sons: the eldest son Wu Xiang and the second son Wu Zai. These two sons were later divided into two branches of the Wu family in Haiyan: Wu Xiang's branch was the east branch of the Wu family in Haiyan, and Wu Zai's branch was the west branch. There are two branches of the Wu family in Haiyan, east and west. Their descendants are prosperous and their scholarly legacy is passed down to their families.
The Chenliu Wu family is a descendant of Ji Zha's branch. It was passed down to Wu Hui's generation that the family began to flourish. Wu Huiguan served as the prefect of Nanhai County (now Guangzhou City, Guangdong), and was a high-ranking official of two thousand stones. Wu You is the youngest son of Wu Hui. He has studied Confucian classics with his father since he was a child, and he has become very independent and insightful. When he was 12 years old, Wu You went to Guangzhou with his father. At that time, Wu Hui was preparing to make a large number of bamboo slips to write scriptures, but Wu You dissuaded him and said: "After this book is completed, it will inevitably be carried back to the Central Plains by vehicles. If others don't know the inside story, they will think that you have plundered a large number of rare and exotic objects in Guangzhou. Generally, it will easily arouse suspicion. Gentlemen are extremely cautious in everything they do." After hearing this, Wu Hui said with emotion: "There are indeed many outstanding 'Ji Zi' in the Wu clan from generation to generation!"
After his father died, Wu You returned to his hometown. Yuanxian shepherds and reads books and enjoys himself. Later, he was promoted to be filial and honest, and because of his honest, simple, conciliatory and frugal character, he was promoted to the Marquis of Jiaodong (the Marquis of Jiaodong is in Pingdu County, Shandong today). He has been in office for 9 years. He is tolerant and benevolent in politics and has won the hearts of the people.
Later he was appointed as the Marquis of Qi (now Zibo City, Shandong). Because of his uprightness, he offended the general Liang Ji and was demoted to the rank of Marquis of Hejian. ). Soon, he resigned and returned to his hometown to teach classics and became a famous scholar at that time. He died at the age of 98 and was buried in Changyuan.
Wu You gave birth to two sons: the eldest son Wu Feng and the youngest son Wu Kai. Wu Feng, named Junya, was appointed as the prefect of Lelang County in Han Dynasty (today's Pyongyang City, Democratic People's Republic of Korea). This is the earliest member of the Wu surname to arrive in present-day Korea recorded in historical records. One of Wu Feng's sons, Wu Feng, named Zigao, was appointed prime minister of the Marquis State of Haiyang (now Haicheng, Linquan County, Anhui Province). Wu Feng's younger brother Wu Kai was appointed magistrate of Xinxi (now Xixian County, Henan Province).
The ancestors and grandsons of Chen Liu Wu and Wu Hui served as officials for four generations and were well-known at that time. Wu You's descendants multiplied and prospered, so Chen left a place and became a major county commander with the Wu surname from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the surname Wu had spread all over the country. Some large families with the Wu surname in the previous generation are still prosperous. The branch of Wu Zhengsheng, the second son of Jizha, gave birth to the Wu Xiang family, a family of imperial examination officials in the Song Dynasty. The branch of the Wu family in Puyang formed the Runan family with deep roots and luxuriant leaves after many migrations. Members of the Wu family in Taiyuan and the Wu family in Bohai moved south to the south of the Yangtze River and took root. During the Song Dynasty, they formed the Wuxuan family, the most prominent family in the south of the Yangtze River. The Yanling Wu family of Wu Ziyu, the fourth son of Wu Ziyu, the fourth son of Ji Zha, the authentic surname of Wu, who had been dormant for thousands of years, began to revive. The Dongting Pu family, a descendant of Ji Zha's eldest family who had been hiding for more than a thousand years, regained their surname and returned to their clan in the early Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, due to the existence of ethnic relations issues, the Song and Jin Dynasties had a long-term confrontation, which gave rise to the far-reaching Wu military family Wu Jie and Wu Li family in Shuiluo, Gansu. The above-mentioned distinguished families with the surname Wu attach great importance to lineage inheritance, and their historical origins are very clear.
Ming and Qing Dynasties
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the distribution of the Wu surname was more widespread. The lineage inheritance had been kept stable since ancient times, and the aristocratic families that had been famous for generations were almost extinct. During this period, most of the prominent families with the Wu surname developed from single families in the Tang and Song dynasties, and were distributed across regions with the same surname and different clans. The migration of the Wu surname was mostly due to wars, famines, separation of residences, official appointments, government-organized immigrants, etc. caused by reasons. For example, although the Wu family in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was said to be a descendant of Zhufan and Fucha, their ancestors were refugees from She County, Anhui Province. After settling in Nanchang, they multiplied into a prominent local clan. The Wu family in Dexing Jianjie, Jiangxi Province moved here in the late Tang Dynasty to avoid the war in Huangchao. The Wu family in Geyang, Jiangxi Province moved from Jinling (now Nanjing) during the wars of the Five Dynasties. There are three main branches of the Wu family in Yiyang, Hunan, the Jiuduchong Wu family. Their ancestors, Wu Shichun and Wu Yongjian's uncle and nephew, came to Yiyang, Hunan from Qingjiang, Jiangxi to do business, and settled in Yiyang. Their descendants multiplied into the Jiuduchong Wu family in Yiyang. The ancestors of the Quanfeng Wu family traveled to Hunan to study in the early Yuan Dynasty and settled in Yiyang. Later generations multiplied into the Quanfeng Wu family in Yiyang. The Wu family in Jialiuxi moved from Jiangsu and Jiangyin counties to Jialiuxi, Yiyang, Hunan in the early Ming Dynasty. According to their family tree, by the time of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, this Wu family had been passed down for 13 generations.
Modern and Modern Times
The most prominent figure named Wu on the stage of modern Chinese history is undoubtedly Wu Peifu. Wu Peifu belongs to the Wu family in Dengzhou. It is said that Wu Peifu once verified that he was the grandson of Wu Jizha in Yanling and the 12th generation grandson of Wu Taibo, the founder of the Wu surname.
According to the "Wu Family Tree", the Wu family in Dengzhou originated from the Wu family in Taizhou, and the Wu family in Taizhou originated from the Wu family in Wutian, Zhejiang. The Wu family in Wutian is a descendant of Wu Rong, Wu Yuan and Wu Pu from the Wu family in Shanyin, Zhejiang during the Ming Dynasty. According to the "Genealogy of the Wu Family in Shanyin Zhoushan", this family tree of the Wu family was burned due to a fire in the family of the previous family. Therefore, the confirmed ancestor of the Wu family in Wutian is Wu Hui. Historically, the Wu family of Wu Tian moved to Taizhou (today there are two branches in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province. One is Wu Chao, the 14th generation descendant of the Wu family in Wu Tian who moved to Taizhou first and became the ancestor of the Wu family in Taizhou. The other branch is the fifth generation of the Wu family in Wu Tian. The 12th generation descendant Wu Wansi, the descendant of Wu Chenghu, also moved from Wutian to Anfeng in the east of Taizhou. With the increase of the Wu family in Taizhou, there was also the 17th generation ancestor Wu Pei, the descendant of Wu Chao. From Taizhou, they moved north to Penglai, Shandong (ancient Dengzhou), and their descendants formed the Dengzhou Wu family. Although the Dengzhou Wu family was not very prominent, it was still prosperous. The Dengzhou Wu family descended from Wu Sen'er for sixteen years. By the time of his grandson Wu Kecheng, the Wu family had declined into obscurity.
Moved to Taiwan
The southern part of Jiangsu, where the Wu surname originated, was close to Taiwan, so there was a history of people with the surname Wu moving to Taiwan. Earlier. As early as the fall of the Wu Kingdom, some descendants of the Wu family fled to sea, and some of them may have moved to Taiwan. However, they were only seen in historical records since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Wu family from the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong gradually moved to Taiwan. In previous statistics in Taiwan, the Wu surname has been firmly in the seventh place for a long time. This is due to the fact that during the Yongli period of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong crossed the sea and regained Taiwan from the Chaozhou coast, especially Raoping. It is related to the fact that many counties with the surname Hao received in them. Among Taiwanese historical figures, people with the surname Wu account for a considerable proportion, such as Wu Feng, known as the "God of Alishan", Wu Sha, the pioneer of Yilan, and Wu, the famous anti-Japanese general. Peng Nian and Wu Tangxing, the anti-Japanese national hero Wu Haihai, and the famous writer Wu Zhuoliu are all famous descendants of the Wu family who came to Taiwan in modern history.