Tieling——This place name sounds very complicated and interesting. Counting from the establishment of the city, this place should have a history of more than a thousand years. But Tieling was not called "Tieling" before. It was named after "Tieling" after Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty. The "Tieling" built by the Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was not the "relatively large city - Tieling" that Zhao Benshan deceives today, but another place.
Before the Ming Dynasty, there were names such as Yinzhou and Xingxing. Yinzhou was established in the Liao Dynasty. "History of Liao" records: "Yinzhou was originally a rich state on the Bohai Sea, and Taizu renamed it after Yinye". What we are talking about is that Yinzhou was once called "Fuzhou", but "Fuzhou" is not in Liaoning at all but in Heilongjiang. Yinzhou is actually a new name given to it after the Liao Dynasty moved the original "Fuzhou" in the Heilongjiang Basin southward.
During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, "Yinzhou" was abolished and renamed "Xinxing". For three hundred years, this place has been called "Xinxing" county, and the people also called "Xinxing" "ancient Yinzhou". ("History of the Jin Dynasty·Geography") It was not until 1393 AD, the 26th year after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, that "Ancient Yinzhou" began to have the name "Tieling". The old name "Yinzhou" has not been forgotten, and now the main urban area of ??Tieling City is called "Yinzhou District".
The Ming Dynasty changed the name of "Ancient Yinzhou" to "Tieling", which also had some twists and turns. The full name of "Tieling" should be "Tieling Guard", just like today's Tianjin was originally "Tianjin Guard", both were the names of the military organizations of the Ming Dynasty. The military system created by Zhu Yuanzhang was a new military system that combined farming and defense, and was known in history as the "weifu" system.
The Ming Dynasty regained the Northeast relatively late. In February of the fourth year of Hongwu (AD 1371), Liu Yi, Pingzhang of Zhongshu Province in Liaoyang of the Yuan Dynasty, asked for surrender to the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty then set up the "Liaodong Guard" command department in Liaoyang, with Liu Yi still as the commander and commander, stationed in Liaoyang. At this point, the Ming Dynasty officially took over Liaoning. ("Records of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty")
In the eighth year of Hongwu (AD 1375), the Ming Dynasty changed its system throughout the country and established a capital command department. The "Liaodong Capital" Command and Envoy Department was established, with jurisdiction "from the Yalu River in the east, Shanhaiguan in the west, Lushunkou in the south, and Kaiyuan in the north", commanding "all the guards and horses in Liaodong, repairing cities, and controlling the border areas." ("History of the Ming Dynasty·Geography")
When the "Liaodong Capital" Command Department was first established, the Liaodong region and North Korea were separated by the Yalu River. However, in the 21st year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Liaodong to be the border between Ming and North Korea based on the territory of the Yuan Dynasty, and appointed Liu Xian, the commander of the Qian Dynasty, to build a guard at the "Gu Tieling" on the border of the Yuan Dynasty, named Tieling Guards. He also "ordered the household department to consult the King of Goryeo (Wang's Goryeo): the land north and east of Tieling used to belong to Kaiyuan... Liaodong unified it, and the south of Tieling used to belong to Goryeo..." ("Ming Dynasty Records")
< p> "Gutieling" is not a city but a mountain in the south of Wonsan Mountain, Gangwon Province, North Korea. It is only 150 kilometers away from Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. It was the border between China and North Korea during the Yuan Dynasty, but was later recaptured by Goryeo and pushed the border to the Yalu River. Therefore, "Gu Tieling" is already the hinterland of North Korea.But Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to draw the border to the gate of the city - "from Liaodong to Tieling (mountain), there will be seventy stations and one hundred households." The King of Goryeo "immediately cried out that the ministers did not listen to my plan to attack Liaodong, so they came here!" ("History of Goryeo") Because of the national power, he did not dare to directly conflict with the Ming Dynasty. I had no choice but to state in the table that Tieling Mountain (ancient Tieling) and the area north of Tieling Mountain up to the Yalu River were Goryeo territory.
When the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin Dynasty, they misunderstood Hezhou near Tieling Mountain as Shuangcheng near Shenyang, so they appointed general managers and Qianhu here. After negotiation, the place was returned to this place to explain The Yuan Dynasty did not use Tieling Mountain as its border.
Zhu Yuanzhang also knew that he was in the wrong, but he also wanted to save face, and issued an edict: "Korea uses the Yalu River as its boundary, and today it pretends to be Tieling (mountain), which is a false edict" ("History of the Ming Dynasty" Vol. 208 "Foreign Country·North Korea") clearly recognized the Yalu River as the boundary, but it also blamed Goryeo for pushing the boundaries. Finally, he said, "What Gao Li said should not be taken lightly. It must be carefully examined before doing anything." This already means that it is negotiable. The two sides negotiated repeatedly for five years, and finally the Ming Dynasty gave in!
The fact that Zhu Yuanzhang was able to make concessions was not unrelated to Goryeo's "reasonable argument", but it was not the main reason. Tieling Mountain is the hinterland of North Korea, and it is impossible to set up a guard station here. Moreover, the Ming Dynasty army has actually been stagnant in the Yalu River area, unable to enter Goryeo at all, and there is no fact that there is any military entry.
Second, the Ming Dynasty's great enemy was the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty Mongolia who fled north. The purpose of establishing the "Liaodong Capital Command and Envoy Division" was essentially to go north to defend the Mongols.
Finally, dynastic wars broke out repeatedly between Korea and China in history, "four expeditions by Han, two by Wei, one by Jin, two by Sui, four by Tang, four by Liao, and four by Jin." "One attack by the Yuan Dynasty and five attacks by the Yuan Dynasty." Although China always won, the gains often outweighed the losses.
In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu (AD 1393), Zhu Yuanzhang rebuilt the "Tieling Guard" to "Ancient Yinzhou", established a guard here and appointed Liu Xian as the "Commander of the Tieling Guard". "Tieling Guard" consolidates the defense of "Kaiyuan" and becomes the gateway to Shenyang, playing an important role. From then on, "Ancient Yinzhou" was called "Tielingwei". Later, after passing through the vicissitudes of life, "Tielingwei" became today's northern city of Liaoning Province - Tieling! So it is not surprising that people in Tieling often say: "There is no iron in Tieling, and there is no silver in Yinzhou." After all, Tieling and Yinzhou are the names of other places, and iron and silver belong to other people.
By the way, in the 25th year of Hongwu, one year before Tieling was born, Li Chenggui, a general of the Wang family's Goryeo Dynasty, usurped power and became the founding leader of the Li family's Goryeo Dynasty - Li Taizu! Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, gave a letter to restore the ancient name of Goryeo - Korea, and thus the Lee Dynasty Korea was established. It was also in this year that Zhu Yuanzhang and Prince Zhu Biao passed away, and the ambition of King Yan Zhu Di, who was far away in Beijing, began to agitate! Seven years later (AD 1402), King Zhu Di of Yan led his army to capture Nanjing and usurped the throne of his nephew, becoming the founder of the Ming Dynasty. "Tielingwei", a military stronghold that defended the "Jurchens" in the north and the "Mongols" in the west, could only watch the bloody killings within the Ming Dynasty and quietly wait for the fortress to be breached from the inside!