The topic consists of the following parts:
1. Topic name
The topic name is the name of the topic. This seems to be a small problem, but in fact, when many people write the title of the subject, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole subject. This is what ordinary people call "only having children, not naming them". So, how to name the topic?
the name should be accurate and standard.
Accuracy is the name of the subject. It is necessary to explain clearly what the subject is and what the research object is. For example, the name "Research on Moral Education Infiltration in Subject Teaching" does not make clear the research object and problem. You are a middle school student, a primary school student or a college student, all subjects or just Chinese and mathematics. The name of the subject must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize the objects and problems you are studying.
Normalization means that the words and sentence patterns used should be standardized and scientific, and specious words should not be used, and slogan and conclusion sentence patterns should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. Here is a topic named "Cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and improving the efficiency of classroom teaching". If this topic is an empirical paper or a research report, it is well done, but as the title of the topic, it is not very good, because the topic is the problem we want to solve, and this problem is being discussed and is being studied, so we can't have a conclusive tone.
second, the purpose and significance of the research
the purpose and significance of the research is why it is necessary to study and study its value. This can generally be discussed from the practical needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what is the practical role of the research of this topic, and then write the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written in a more specific and targeted way, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. Don't write them all as general slogans such as adhering to the party's educational policy, implementing quality education and improving the quality of education and teaching. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration for this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.
third, how to choose the topic
the significance of the topic.
I learned from my own practice of participating in educational scientific research that it is easier for teachers to find the problems they want to study in selecting topics than for scientific research professionals. Because teachers live in the origin of scientific research. The colorful teaching life makes teachers feel that there are countless topics around them; The experience of a large number of practical frontier problems in education also enables teachers to intuitively feel which topics are more valuable.
2. The principle of topic selection.
the most basic principle of selecting a topic is practical need and feasibility.
the principle of need mainly refers to the problems that affect the overall situation, are valuable and have guiding significance. For example, the essential attributes (instrumental and humanistic) and basic laws of Chinese are still being debated at present. It has the value of "pulling one hair and moving the whole body" and has a great guiding role. Secondly, the urgent problems that need to be solved urgently are the topics that need to be selected, such as knowledge and training in the new curriculum, evaluation and examination. In addition, the breakthrough problem of opening up the situation also needs to be studied by organizing forces. This kind of problem often contains important laws. This is often the breakthrough of education reform.
the principle of feasibility mainly means that the project must be researched and have certain implementation conditions. Otherwise, it will waste people and money and will not solve the problem. These conditions are mainly:
① self-conditions. As long as teachers with general literacy, professional quality and teaching skills are generally qualified for research topics, even young teachers who are difficult to stand alone or have just joined the work can participate in the research group from easy to difficult, from simple to deep, and study with everyone. In addition, you should be purposeful and enthusiastic, and don't study things you are not familiar with. As far as possible, we should study our own practical and familiar problems, which is the starting point of the research (we have accumulated and possessed a lot of experience materials).
② time guarantee. In addition to research in daily educational practice, teachers also need to have some time to study, collect and sort out information, and do some investigation and research. It all takes time to ensure.
③ Good research environment. Mainly refers to schools and relevant departments to provide teachers with corresponding books and materials, as well as necessary funds, equipment, talents and so on. This is the basis and guarantee for the success of the research.
the way to choose the topic.
Educational activities are extremely complicated, and there are many educational problems. According to my own experience, generally speaking, choosing topics can be considered from the following aspects:
① Problems that need to be solved urgently in teaching practice (problems that I am interested in and able to study). This is an important source of research topics. In the actual process, problems often emerge one after another, and we can directly turn the hot, important and urgent problems among these problems into research problems. For example, the subject of "Reading and Accumulation" started in our school in 22 after three years stems from the phenomenon that teachers have worked hard to teach Chinese, students' Chinese level is always hovering at an unsatisfactory level, and a class can speak and write very little. In teaching practice, I found that children who can really write decent articles generally like reading. I feel that these children have their own personality characteristics in article expression because they read many books. Besides, primary school is the best time for students to remember, so why can't we make good use of it? Some of our teachers may not be able to let all students learn language skills in class, but we can let children accumulate language materials and let them acquire language through a lot of reading accumulation. So, I had the idea of carrying out the research on "reading and accumulation".
② Look for research problems in the controversy of educational theory. Different theoretical viewpoints or controversial issues themselves provide us with conflicting opposites and provide reference for us to study problems. For example, the current new curriculum standard has caused many disputes, such as the nature of "instrumentality" and "humanity" in Chinese curriculum. Although the new curriculum standard has made the most authoritative summary now, it has unified instrumentality and humanity. However, there are still many different opinions in the language field (especially middle school teachers and teaching and research personnel have a deeper understanding), and they have more say than university professors. Relatively speaking, our primary school teachers agree with the idea of curriculum standards. After all, we are not in the class of middle school teachers and teaching and research personnel, so primary school teachers pay more attention to how to understand the unity of instrumentality and humanity in theory and how to operate and grasp it in practice. Because it is difficult to grasp the degree of unity between the two, there is often a tendency to pursue humanity for humanity and humanity unilaterally in teaching. In addition, there are many disputes about knowledge and training, evaluation and examination, and these are also problems that need to be solved urgently in practice. All our teachers can choose topics for research.
③ Select topics from the subject guides of educational leading institutions at all levels in provinces, cities and countries. This mainly refers to the subject guide of educational administrative departments at all levels, teaching and research sections of educational institutes and educational societies. Because of its special conditions (mostly funded by the IMF, during the implementation of the project, the relevant departments and IMF carry out supervision and inspection, and the conclusion is also appraised by experts organized by these departments. Therefore, generally speaking, this kind of topic is relatively standardized and has the conditions provided by all parties. It should be noted that the topic guide is not the topic itself, but only the direction of topic selection
④ Other topics, such as putting forward topics from the confusion of education and teaching, selecting topics from successful experiences or research results to explore new problems, selecting topics from reference and inspiration, selecting topics from educational information, etc. No matter how you choose a topic, you must master a premise, that is, it is closely related to your own education and teaching, which is helpful to improve the quality of school education.
pay attention to the problems that are easy to appear in the topic selection.
① the topic is too big. Such as "classroom education research", "and so on. The main reason for this situation is that the topic selection is only to determine the scope of ownership. Then there is no accurate question. You can't make a big deal out of it, or make a big deal out of it, but make a big deal out of it. Moreover, the project is too large, the system is complex, and some specific sub-projects are involved, which is difficult to control and implement. Although the small topic is small, the task is single. As long as it can solve practical problems and has a certain depth, it is still valuable.
② the topic selection is too difficult. Often ignore the limitations of their own conditions. For example, it is subjective, objective, such as funds, equipment, documents, cooperation, etc., to do survey and statistical research in the township, the whole district, the whole town or even a wider range according to the conditions of the school, or it is beyond one's power, especially the subjective and objective conditions are not suitable. Such as "democratic and scientific research on ideological and moral education", "and so on, there are many theoretical studies involved here, which are relatively difficult and have high requirements for teachers, as well as other academic studies, and some studies that belong to the blank space of Chinese education theory, mostly belonging to the category of professional research.
③ The topic is too vague and general. The topic selection should clearly indicate the task and purpose. Otherwise, it is easy to deviate from the goal in future research. For example: "Research on the Importance of Perception in Cultivating Students' Sense of Language" Literally, what does it study? It is very vague, and it is easy to misunderstand that teachers personally feel it. (I originally wanted to study students' own feelings in practice, but it would be clearer if I changed it to "Research on the importance of students' own feelings in cultivating students' language sense ability". )
④ express the research topic in a standardized way. First, the subject statement should be very clear.
Secondly, the topic expression should avoid value judgment. That is, to express positive and negative attitudes towards a certain thing and phenomenon. The results of teaching scientific research need to make a value judgment on some educational behavior, but the topic can not be value-oriented in advance.
In addition, statements are generally used, and the topic cannot be expressed in the form of questions such as "How to cultivate ……" (otherwise, people will easily feel that this is a question to be answered, not a research question).
improve the level of topic selection. First, it is necessary to proceed step by step, from easy to difficult, from difficult to difficult, from part to whole. Second, we should pay attention to science, choose topics from practice, avoid problems, and have factual and theoretical basis. Third, we should pay attention to innovation, keep pace with the times, and endow the times with new contents (new courses), new perspectives (teaching by learning), new ideas (dedication, professional development) and new methods (in the past, we studied the law of learning by summing up experience, but now we study it through case tracking or case study, as well as microteaching, etc.).
Fourth, some experiences in applying for the project
First of all, we must have courage. I remember the German philosopher Goethe once said, "If you lose wealth, you have almost nothing to lose;": If you lose honor, you lose a lot; If you lose courage, you lose everything. " This statement is completely correct. The competition for applying for the project is fierce. In the fierce competition, it is especially necessary to have courage. The so-called "narrow road meets the brave and wins" is the truth. Therefore, if you want to get the subject, you must first be brave enough to declare the subject. Don't worry about anything else.
second, we should think more about the topic selection. Whether the declared project can be approved or not is very important. Novelty is the first requirement of topic selection. The so-called novel topics generally include four categories: first, academic virgin land that no one has set foot in; The second is the theoretical discussion of the frontier of the discipline; Third, the new perspective of old problems, the exploration of new materials or the application of new technologies and methods; The fourth is the introduction and promotion of new overseas theories and ideas. Among them, the first category is the most innovative, which belongs to the research project of opening up new research fields or research directions, or even creating new disciplines, and has the value of filling academic gaps. Declaring such a subject can be said to be assured. Of course, novel topics should not be far away from the scope of topics listed in the subject application guide formulated by the Academy of Education. It should also be pointed out that without a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the academic research trends of this discipline and specialty, it is difficult to accurately and accurately select novel topics.
Third, we should make great efforts to fill in the declaration form. Whether the declared project is finally passed or shot depends on the evaluation given by the evaluation experts. The only basis for evaluation by experts is the project declaration form. Therefore, when filling in the project declaration form, we must not be hasty and perfunctory, but should be cautious and prudent, especially in key columns.
The so-called key columns refer to "argument basis", "research plan" and "research basis". Among them, in the "argument basis" column, we should fully explain why we should declare this project. What is the value and significance of this research? Therefore, it is necessary to fully and effectively understand the research situation at home and abroad in this research field or research direction, including the units or personnel engaged in this research, the progress made, the development trend, the achievements obtained, etc. Otherwise, it will be difficult to put forward innovative topics. At the same time, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the scientific theoretical significance or practical application prospect of this research. In particular, the value and significance of new research projects that have never been set foot in by predecessors and belong to filling gaps are revealed by personal insight and prospect. In the column of "research plan", the research objectives, contents, key problems to be solved and main research methods to be adopted should be clearly explained one by one. Fill in this column concisely, especially "key problems to be solved", "innovation of this project" and "expected research results", and so on. In the "research foundation" column, we should try our best to list the existing achievements that are directly or indirectly related to the declared project. The directly related results show that this research has a good foundation and the possibility of completing it on schedule is increased; Relevant results can at least show the applicant's research ability and breadth of knowledge, and provide reference factors for the evaluation experts to determine the evaluation opinions. Therefore, we should take pains to fill in this column. Of course, the results that are irrelevant to the declared project should not be filled in, so as to arouse the disgust of the evaluation experts.
pay attention to the members of the research group. The scale of the research group depends on the scale of the project, and an echelon should be formed. The subject is very big, and the members of the research group are few, so the evaluation experts will deny it as "insufficient research"; The topic is not big, and the members of the research group are numerous and complicated, and the evaluation experts will put it aside as "wasting funds" or even "shooting". The research of a project, on the one hand, produces results, on the other hand, is to cultivate talents.